Canadian monitoring program of the surface contamination with 11 antineoplastic drugs in 122 centers

2022 ◽  
pp. 107815522110728
Author(s):  
Clémence Delafoy ◽  
Claudine Roussy ◽  
Anny-France Hudon ◽  
Ciprian Mihai Cirtiu ◽  
Nicolas Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

Introduction Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs can lead to long-term adverse effects on workers’ health. Environmental monitoring is conducted once a year, as part of a Canadian monitoring program. The objective was to describe contamination with 11 antineoplastic drugs measured on surfaces. Methods Six standardized sites in oncology pharmacy and six in outpatient clinic were sampled in each hospital. Samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (non-platinum drugs) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (platinum-based drugs). The limits of detection (in ng/cm2) were: 0.0006 for cyclophosphamide; 0.001 for docetaxel; 0.04 for 5-fluorouracil; 0.0004 for gemcitabine; 0.0007 for irinotecan; 0.0009 for methotrexate; 0.004 for paclitaxel, 0.009 for vinorelbine, 0.02 for doxorubicine, 0.0037 for etoposide and 0.004 for the platinum. Sub-analyses were done with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Results 122 Canadian hospitals participated. Cyclophosphamide (451/1412, 32% of positive samples, 90th percentile of concentration 0.0160 ng/cm2) and gemcitabine (320/1412, 23%, 0.0036 ng/cm2) were most frequently measured on surfaces. The surfaces most frequently contaminated with at least one drug were the front grille inside the biological safety cabinet (97/121, 80%) and the armrest of patient treatment chair (92/118, 78%).The distribution of cyclophosphamide concentration was higher for centers that prepared ≥ 5000 antineoplastic drug preparations/year (p < 0.0001). Conclusions This monitoring program allowed centers to benchmark their contamination with pragmatic contamination thresholds derived from the Canadian 90th percentiles. Problematic areas need corrective measures such as decontamination. The program helps to increase the workers’ awareness.

scholarly journals Lithium administered to pregnant, lactating and neonatal rats: entry into developing brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shene Yi-Shiuan Chiou ◽  
Kai Kysenius ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
Mark David Habgood ◽  
Liam M. Koehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Background Little is known about the extent of drug entry into developing brain, when administered to pregnant and lactating women. Lithium is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic and postnatal animals as well as adults. Methods Lithium chloride in a clinically relevant dose (3.2 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant (E15–18) and lactating dams (birth-P16/17) or directly into postnatal pups (P0–P16/17). Acute treatment involved a single injection; long-term treatment involved twice daily injections for the duration of the experiment. Following terminal anaesthesia blood plasma, CSF and brains were collected. Lithium levels and brain distribution were measured using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and total lithium levels were confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Results Lithium was detected in blood, CSF and brain of all fetal and postnatal pups following lithium treatment of dams. Its concentration in pups’ blood was consistently below that in maternal blood (30–35%) indicating significant protection by the placenta and breast tissue. However, much of the lithium that reached the fetus entered its brain. Levels of lithium in plasma fluctuated in different treatment groups but its concentration in CSF was stable at all ages, in agreement with known stable levels of endogenous ions in CSF. There was no significant increase of lithium transfer into CSF following application of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (digoxin) in vivo, indicating that lithium transfer across choroid plexus epithelium is not likely to be via the Na+/K+ ATPase mechanism, at least early in development. Comparison with passive permeability markers suggested that in acute experiments lithium permeability was less than expected for diffusion but similar in long-term experiments at P2. Conclusions Information obtained on the distribution of lithium in developing brain provides a basis for studying possible deleterious effects on brain development and behaviour in offspring of mothers undergoing lithium therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluating the reliability of U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) carbonate geochronology: matrix issues and a potential calcite validation reference material

Geochronology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Marcel Guillong ◽  
Jörn-Frederik Wotzlaw ◽  
Nathan Looser ◽  
Oscar Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Ablation Crater ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract. We document that the reliability of carbonate U–Pb dating by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is improved by matching the aspect ratio of the LA single-hole drilling craters and propagating long-term excess variance and systematic uncertainties. We investigated the impact of different matrices and ablation crater geometries using U–Pb isotope analyses of one primary (WC-1) and two secondary reference materials (RMs). Validation RMs (VRMs) include a previously characterised one (ASH-15D) and a new candidate (JT), characterised by ID-TIMS (intercept age: 13.797±0.031 Ma) with excellent agreement to pooled LA-ICP-MS measurements (13.75±0.11 | 0.36 Ma), a U concentration of approx. 1 µg g−1 and 238U∕206Pb ratios from 5 to 460, defining the isochron well. Differences in ablation crater depth to diameter ratios (aspect ratio) introduce an offset due to downhole fractionation and/or matrix effects. This effect can be observed either when the crater size between U–Pb RM and the sample changes or when the ablation rate for the sample is different than for the RM. Observed deviations are up to 20 % of the final intercept age depending on the degree of crater geometry mismatch. The long-term excess uncertainty was calculated to be in the range of 2 % (ASH-15D) to 2.5 % (JT), and we recommend propagating this uncertainty into the uncertainty of the final results. Additionally, a systematic offset to the ID-TIMS age of 2 %–3 % was observed for ASH-15D but not for JT. This offset might be due to different ablation rates of ASH-15D compared to the primary RM or remaining matrix effects, even when the aspect ratios chosen are similar.

scholarly journals Technical note: apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He analysis using quadrupole and magnetic sector mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Gautheron ◽  
Rosella Pinna-Jamme ◽  
Alexis Derycke ◽  
Floriane Ahadi ◽  
Caroline Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Analytical Error ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Noble Gas Mass Spectrometry

Abstract. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronological data are obtained through a combination of crystal selection, He content measurement by extraction from crystal and analysis using noble gas mass spectrometry, and measurement of U, Th and Sm contents by dissolution and solution analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this contribution, we detail the complete protocols developed for over more than a decade that allow apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He data to be obtained with precision. More specifically, we show that the He content can be determined with a high precision using a calibration of the He sensibility based on the Durango apatite and its use also appears crucial to check for He, U-Th-Sm analytical problems. The Durango apatite used as a standard is therefore a suitable mineral to perform precise He calibration and yield (U-Th)/He ages of 31.1 ± 1.4 Ma with an analytical error of less than 5 %. The (U-Th)/He ages for the FCT zircon standard yields a dispersion of about 9 %, with mean age of 27.0 ± 2.6 Ma comparable to other laboratories. For the long-term quality control of the (U-Th)/He data, attention has been paid to evaluate the drift of He sensibility, blanks through time and those of (U-Th)/He ages and Th/U ratios (with Sm/Th when possible), all associated with the use of Durango apatite and Fish Canyon Tuff zircon as standards.

scholarly journals Lithium Administered to Pregnant, Lactating and Neonatal Rats: Entry Into Developing Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shene Yi-Shiuan Chiou ◽  
Kai Kysenius ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
Mark David Habgood ◽  
Liam Koehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract BackgroundLittle is known about the extent of drug entry into developing brain, when administered to pregnant and lactating women. Lithium is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic and postnatal animals as well as adults.MethodsLithium chloride in a clinically relevant dose (3.2mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant (E15-18) and lactating dams (birth-P16/17) or directly into postnatal pups (P0-P16/17). Acute treatment involved a single injection; long-term treatment involved twice daily injections for the duration of the experiment. Following terminal anaesthesia blood plasma, CSF and brains were collected. Lithium levels and brain distribution were measured using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and total lithium levels were confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Results Lithium was detected in blood, CSF and brain of all fetal and postnatal pups following lithium treatment of dams. Its concentration in pups’ blood was consistently below that in maternal blood (30-35%) indicating significant protection by the placenta and breast tissue. However, much of the lithium that reached the fetus entered its brain. Levels of lithium in plasma fluctuated in different treatment groups but its concentration in CSF was stable at all ages, in agreement with known stable levels of endogenous ions in CSF. There was no significant increase of lithium transfer into CSF following application of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (Digoxin) in vivo, indicating that lithium transfer across choroid plexus epithelium is not likely to be via the Na+/K+ ATPase mechanism, at least early in development. Comparison with passive permeability markers suggested that in acute experiments lithium permeability was less than expected for diffusion but similar in long-term experiments at P2. ConclusionsInformation obtained on the distribution of lithium in developing brain provides a basis for studying possible deleterious effects on brain development and behaviour in offspring of mothers undergoing lithium therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document