Agency and Identity in the Collective Self

2021 ◽  
pp. 108886832110659
Author(s):  
Garriy Shteynberg ◽  
Jacob B. Hirsh ◽  
Jon Garthoff ◽  
R. Alexander Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Collective Agency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Agency And Identity

Contemporary research on human sociality is heavily influenced by the social identity approach, positioning social categorization as the primary mechanism governing social life. Building on the distinction between agency and identity in the individual self (“I” vs. “Me”), we emphasize the analogous importance of distinguishing collective agency from collective identity (“We” vs. “Us”). While collective identity is anchored in the unique characteristics of group members, collective agency involves the adoption of a shared subjectivity that is directed toward some object of our attention, desire, emotion, belief, or action. These distinct components of the collective self are differentiated in terms of their mental representations, neurocognitive underpinnings, conditions of emergence, mechanisms of social convergence, and functional consequences. Overall, we show that collective agency provides a useful complement to the social categorization approach, with unique implications for multiple domains of human social life, including collective action, responsibility, dignity, violence, dominance, ritual, and morality.

Youth Sports awareness and culture in contemporary society

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 93-146
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sport Culture ◽  
Culture And Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Research Show ◽  
The Way

Culture and awareness are two flexible concepts that are related to the social nature and its development, and the creative and scientific activities of humans since time immemorial. Awareness is developed by humans living their social life, the way they react towards their environment that consists of people, the average of their knowledge and the way they react to the things around them. What distinguishing the individual self-awareness is the human's ability to make any decision and their knowledge of their general behavior. in the light of taking what we need of the information, data, properties and characteristics, we give the youth their needs of activities, movement, awareness and culture through setting codified thoughtful programs. Therefore, we need to know the following: Are the attitudes of the males differ from the attitudes of the females of practicing sports? The importance of the research lies in the fact that it is one of the few studies that takes into consideration sport culture and health of an important segment, which is the youth. One of the results of the research is that the physical activity that the youth do in sports centers (gyms) that brings important benefits like prevention of diseases. The research was conducted on (202) of males which is 63.3% and (98) females which is (32.7). The results of the research show that most of those whom the research was conducted on were from the age of 18 to 25, which makes 47% of the study sample.

Habitus and Field

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Leander
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Heuristic Devices

The terms habitus and field are useful heuristic devices for thinking about power relations in international studies. Habitus refers to a person’s taken-for-granted, unreflected—hence largely habitual—way of thinking and acting. The habitus is a “structuring structure” shaping understandings, attitudes, behavior, and the body. It is formed through the accumulated experience of people in different fields. Using fields to study the social world is to acknowledge that social life is highly differentiated. A field can be exceedingly varied in scope and scale. A family, a village, a market, an organization, or a profession may be conceptualized as a field provided it develops its own organizing logic around a stake at stake. Each field is marked by its own taken-for-granted understanding of the world, implicit and explicit rules of behavior, and valuation of what confers power onto someone: that is, what counts as “capital.” The analysis of power through the habitus/field makes it possible to transcend the distinctions between the material and the “ideational” as well as between the individual and the structural. Moreover, working with habitus/field in international studies problematizes the role played by central organizing divides, such as the inside/outside and the public/private; and can uncover politics not primarily structured by these divides. Developing research drawing on habitus/field in international studies will be worthwhile for international studies scholars wishing to raise and answer questions about symbolic power/violence.

scholarly journals Factors of Personal Acquisition of Social Status in a Small Group in a Leisure Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Nataliia Lapshova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article presents the main results of an empirical study of the factors of personal acquisition of social status in a small group in the field of leisure. Reflecting the position of the individual in the system of society, the social status of the individual is determined by the set of rights and responsibilities of the individual in the context of social ties, groups and systems. Thus, social status is a component that simultaneously affects the individual, and which, in some way, depends on the individual. Since social status is a complex and multicomponent phenomenon, it was possible to determine its socio-psychological component structure. Social status was studied through sociometric positions of respondents. The entire sample was divided into 4 groups depending on the number of elections: neglected, rejected, accepted, stars. It was found that the factors of social status in the permissive context are the acceptance of others, the psychological climate of the team, focus on the present, social approval, lack of normative behavior (conformity). Factors of social status in the working context are personal characteristics and features of group dynamics, so it should be taken into account in combination with individual psychological characteristics. Factors of each social status for separate social groups were also singled out. The social status of the individual is an important component of the social life of every person. Its main function is to organize, design, regulate and conduct groups and their members. In the leisure environment for a group of technical professional orientation, the factors of acquiring social status for certain groups are the following characteristics: neglected – group cohesion, unaccepted – socio-psychological adaptation, accepted – the tendency to affiliation, stars – acceptance of others; for the group of humanitarian professional orientation: neglected – acceptance of others, unaccepted – group cohesion, accepted – the psychological climate of the group, the stars – emotional comfort.

scholarly journals LA PAURA. RIFLESSIONI INTERDISCIPLINARI PER UN DIBATTITO CONTEMPORANEO SU VIOLENZA, ORDINE, SICUREZZA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Storti ◽  
Floriana Colao
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Culture Of Fear ◽  
The Individual

The book Riflessioni interdisciplinari per un dibattito contemporaneo su violenza, ordine, sicurezza offers an interesting interdisciplinary perspective on aspects of the social life that undoubtedly show continuity between past and present and that exert a strong influence on criminal systems. If fear, as an instinct, constitutes a natural defense tool for the individual, ‘collective’ fear is a phenomenon open to different declinations, not all positive, as we will see, for example, in the current hypertrophy of the criminal law. Sometimes collective fear is triggered by objective causes (e.g. by natural catastrophes, epidemics, famines, wars or revolutions); sometimes, instead, collective fear is generated by the so called ‘culture of fear’. Such culture instills and amplifies a sense of insecurity towards true or presumed enemies by using propaganda, rhetoric or violence (just think at the ‘function’ of terrorism). This insecurity, in turn, drives people to search safety and strengthens the power of those who offer protection even with the tools of the criminal law.

scholarly journals Realisation of Social Needs of Students in the Field of Education in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
T. G. Yermakova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual

Education of students in today’s conditions requires new ideas and concepts that are related to the peculiarities of the socio-economic situation in society, namely: revaluation of values, changes in priorities of prestigious professions, contradictory attitude to education in the labor market, lack of a clear youth policy, adequate to modern conditions.Today’s education should become not just one of the subsystems of the social sphere, which satisfies a number of personal needs, but also a specific domain of social life, in which the future is modeled, resources of development are formed, and the negative effects of the functioning of other social institutions are compensated. As a result, the education system essentially extends its sphere of influence. One of the most important characteristics of student youth is its social needs, a large proportion of which is implemented in the field of education. Concerning higher education, certain requirements are put forward regarding the implementation of social needs of student youth; at the same time it is the institutional environment that mostly influences the formation of student social.Defining the development vectors of the education system requires the search for answers to questions relating to contemporary students, its social needs and expectations in relation to higher education, as well as the clarification of the conditions correspondence that education creates to realize its demands. The article highlights the peculiarities of student social needs in the field of education and their implementation; the content of such concepts as «needs», «social needs», «educational needs» were clarified.It was emphasized that social needs are connected with the inclusion of the individual in the family, in various social groups and communities, in the various spheres of production and non-production activities, in the life of society as a whole. These are the needs for work, social and economic activity, as well as spiritual culture, that is, everything that is a product of social life. They are needs of a special kind, the satisfaction of which is necessary to support the life of the social person, social groups and society as a whole.Social needs are met by the organizational efforts of society members through social institutions. Satisfying needs ensures social stability and social progress, dissatisfaction generates social conflicts. Social institutions are the leading components of the social structure of society, which integrate and coordinate the actions of society members, social groups and regulate social relations in various spheres of public life. Four groups of social needs were defined:- Vital for the social person needs, whose dissatisfaction leads to the elimination of a social person or the revolutionary transformation of social institutions, within which this satisfaction occurs;- Needs, the satisfaction of which ensures the functioning of the social person at the level of social norms, as well as allows the evolution of social institutions to be realized;- Needs, the satisfaction of which occurs at the level of minimum social norms, which ensures the preservation of the social person, but not its development; - Needs, the satisfaction of which provides comfortable (for data of socio-cultural area and social time) conditions of operation and development.The article gives attention to the relation between the concepts of «social needs» and «educational needs» and shows where they overlap. The existence of educational needs is an essential feature of students. Educational need is a need arising from the contradiction between the existing and necessary (desired) level of education and encourages the person to eliminate this contradiction.Educational needs were defined as the needs for the formation of the education means of those personal qualities that contribute to personal self-realization and the formation of personal qualities in the field of education that will enable them to obtain the desired social benefits and improve the social well-being of the individual. Such qualities are: high level of intellectual development; theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for professional activity; communicative skills and a high level of culture; personal qualities (integrity, workability, creativity, etc.). Education itself is a factor that allows the formation and accumulation of socially significant qualities in an individual’s arsenal that enable them to receive the benefits, satisfy the urgent needs and be realized as an active and active-oriented member of society.It was emphasized that in today’s conditions, students according to their characteristics are quite different from all other sections of the population, first of all ideological formation, influence mobility and their kinds of needs, which to a great extent determine its social well-being.Social needs of students are considered in connection with the functions of education, primarily with the functions of intelligence reproduction of society, vocational, economic and social. The article used data from nationwide surveys of students «Higher Education in Ukraine: Students’ Public Opinion» and «Higher Education in Reform Conditions: Changes in Public Opinion» conducted by Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation in 2015 and 2017 respectively; the data of a sociological survey «Values of Ukrainian Youth», conducted in 2016 by the Center for Independent Sociological Research «OMEGA», by request of Ministry of Youth and Sport of Ukraine.Based on the data of sociological research, we concluded that the level of social needs satisfaction of students in the field of higher education is not high. We need more detailed analysis of students who are studying at various educational institutions, as well as to identify the trends that are characteristic for education sections in different areas of study.

scholarly journals TYPOLOGY AND TRENDOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONSUMER MARKETS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Katarína Lehutová ◽  
Štefan Cisko
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Typical Consumer

The individuals and companies purchasing goods and services for some other than personal consumption, e.g. for the family member, family usage or as a present for another person, are called organizational consumers. They operate on the organizational consumer market. These markets usually have fewer buyers but purchase is done in much greater amounts than typical consumer markets and to distinguish them from typical consumer markets they are also geographically concentrated. There are four main components of this market: industrial, reseller, government and foreign market. For the purpose of this paper, the organizational customer is understood the organization which sells products for another customers. In general, every consumer tries to apply their rights, fight for them. The interest of traders is usually hidden somewhere in the background. The main aim of this paper is to summarize how important the organizations are, highlight the role they play in the society, their development in time, the authenticity, which distinguished it from the individual consumer and to describe their importance and impact on the social life and economics in the Slovak Republic. Research conducted in European countries showed that the recession had a significant impact on all types of consumers. The paper analyses the results of those researches and finally depicts if the situation is the same in the Slovak Republic using the statistic data analysis, description and comparison. Key words: organizational consumers, consumer typology, consumer behavior, retailers.

scholarly journals The social life of emotive interjections in spoken British English

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-193
Author(s):  
Ulrike Stange
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
British English ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Individual

This paper explores the discursive use of selected emotive interjections (Ow!, Ouch!; Ugh!, Yuck!; Whoops!, Whoopsadaisy!) in spoken British English. The data (drawn from the Spoken BNC2014) are coded for age, gender, social grade and type of dyad to identify potential factors governing the discursive use of these interjections. Based on 140 relevant tokens, the results suggest that: 1) The individual interjections vary significantly regarding how frequently they are found in discursive uses (p<0.001***). 2) Whoopsadaisy! is not attested in discursive uses. 3) Young female speakers behave differently from the other speaker groups in that they use emotive interjections discursively significantly more frequently (p=0.006***). 4) Female speakers in general use a wider range of interjections discursively: Ow! and Whoops! in discursive uses were absent from male speech. 5) Socio-economic status is irrelevant, as is 6) type of speaker dyad. Thus, the social life of emotive interjections is mainly influenced by speaker gender, and if the speakers are female, also by their age.

scholarly journals 1487Biopolitics and Epidemiology during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Zagozdzon
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Benefit Analysis

Abstract Focus of Presentation During pandemic the social life has been transformed by new regimes of social distancing, face masks, and altered online education. The aim of this presentation is to review the recent philosophical concepts of biopolitics that bring an additional perspective to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings The most important critical response was brought from the philosopher and cultural theorist Giorgio Agamben who in the book entitled “Where are we now? Epidemic as politics” evoked again, known from his previous writings, the figure of bare life. The epidemic restrictions have shown, that humanity no longer believes in anything but bare existence, to be preserved as such at any cost. There were no reliable risk-benefit analysis that took into account all other aspects of human condition except statistical data on positive test results or “asymptomatic illness”. The concepts of another Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito became more than relevant during pandemic. In his book entitled “Immmunitas: the Protection and Negation of Life” he assumes that the more we feel at risk of being infiltrated and infected by foreign elements, the more the life of the individual and society closes off within its protective boundaries, reminding us of the situations during lockdowns. Conclusions/Implications According to biopolitical interpretation of epidemic, the risk of infection can be considered as a “pretext” for ramping up political control on citizens. Key messages Epidemiologists should be aware what are the consequences of the decisions they recommended for governments when the social relations and the power structure are affected.

The Role of Social Identity in Decisions to Protest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burt Klandermans ◽  
J.Van Stekelenburg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Social identity processes play a crucial role in the dynamics of protest, whether as antecedents, mediators, moderators, or consequences. Yet, identity did not always feature prominently in the social or political psychology of protest. This has changed—a growing contingent of social and political psychologists is involved now in studies of protest behavior, and in their models the concept of identity occupies a central place. Decades earlier students of social movements had incorporated the concept of collective identity into their theoretical frameworks. The weakness of the social movement literature on identity and contention, though, was that the discussion remained predominantly theoretical. Few seemed to bother about evidence. Basic questions such as how collective identity is formed and becomes salient or politicized were neither phrased nor answered. Perhaps social movement scholars did not bother too much because they tend to study contention when it takes place and when collective identities are already formed and politicized. Collective identity in the social movement literature is a group characteristic in the Durkheimian sense. Someone who sets out to study that type of collective identity may look for such phenomena as the group’s symbols, its rituals, and the beliefs and values its members share. Groups differ in terms of their collective identity. The difference may be qualitative, for example, being an ethnic group rather than a gender group; or quantitative, that is, a difference in the strength of collective identity. Social identity in the social psychological literature is a characteristic of a person. It is that part of a person’s self-image that is derived from the groups he or she is a member of. Social identity supposedly has cognitive, evaluative, and affective components that are measured at the individual level. Individuals differ in terms of social identity, again both qualitatively (the kind of groups they identify with) and quantitatively (the strength of their identification with those groups). The term “collective identity” is used to refer to an identity shared by members of a group or category. Collective identity politicizes when people who share a specific identity take part in political action on behalf of that collective. The politicization of collective identity can take place top-down (organizations mobilize their constituencies) or bottom-up (participants in collective action come to share an identity). In that context causality is an issue. What comes first? Does identification follow participation, or does participation follow identification?

The psychic skin between individual and collective states of mind in trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Monica Luci
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Political Life ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
New Man ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traumatic History ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
Individual Self

This article attempts to develop an argument about a relationship between the individual intra-psychic functioning and the social and political life in trauma. This relationship, it is argued, is mediated by the skin and sensations related to touch and the imagination of it. The deepest transformations of the individual self and a group’s political and social life seem to go through a rearrangement of the psychic skin as a means of development. Three examples show how the psychic skin operates at the point of intersection between the individual and group states of mind reshaping the individual self and group identity. One example is about the relationship between the fascist architecture in the city of Rome and the 1930s fascist political project of shaping a ‘New Man’; another is my understanding of the post-traumatic suffering and changes of my refugee patients who have survived torture, which is a trauma inflicted by a collective; and third, it is an hypothesis of the role which the Western Wall in Jerusalem had in reshaping Israeli identities on the backdrop of traumatic history and wider tensions of two peoples on that disputed territory.

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