Pesticides in the Homes of Farmworkers

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Rao ◽  
Sara A. Quandt ◽  
Alicia M. Doran ◽  
Beverly M. Snively ◽  
Thomas A. Arcury
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Latino Women ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Depth Interviews

Pesticide exposure has been linked with immediate and delayed health effects. Anyone who lives in a farmworker household may be exposed to pesticides. Studies with farmworkers have found generally low levels of awareness of pesticide exposure and prevention. Less is known about the perceptions of nonfarmworkers living with farmworkers. This article presents the results of 41 in-depth interviews conducted with Latino women in farmworker households regarding their knowledge of pesticides and perceptions of risk to their children's health. Their perceptions and behavior differ from scientific understanding and policy recommendations for exposure management, resulting in behaviors that may increase children's risk of exposure and subsequent health problems. Because the level at which exposure becomes harmful remains a subject of scientific debate, the wisest course of action is to minimize exposure (the precautionary principle). Families living in farmworker households would benefit from health education programs that target their specific needs.

Internet Sex discourse and porn viewing by Arab adolescents: The overt and the covert and its impact on their sexual education and behavior (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Gesser-Edelsburg ◽  
Munawar Abed Elhadi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Sexual Discourse ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
Internet Sex ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Two Age Groups

BACKGROUND Due to the religious proscription, it was found that Arab youths acquire information and view pornography secretly. The internet exposes them to contents that contradict religious and cultural taboos. There are few studies about viewing habits of sexual contents among Arab adolescents and about the way they discuss sexuality. OBJECTIVE to characterize the barriers and difficulties that prevent sexual discourse in Arab society and enable pornography viewing, according to the perceptions of adolescents and mothers. METHODS phenomological qualitative research methods, in-depth interviews with 40 participants. 20 Arab adolescents, sampled by two age groups: 14-16 and 16-18. In addition, 20 mothers of adolescents from both sexes were interviewed. RESULTS The findings indicate that mothers “turn a blind eye” to porn viewing and sexual activity by boys, versus a sweeping prohibition and denial of such behavior by girls. The boys reported viewing porn routinely, whereas girls denied doing so, but admitted that their girlfriends watched porn. The study also found that the boys have guilt feelings during and after the viewing as a result of the clash between modernity and traditional values. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to find a way to encourage a significant sexual discourse to prevent the violent consequences of its absence in Arab society. A controlled, transparent and critical sexual discourse could help youth make more informed decisions concerning the search for sexual contents, porn viewing and sexual behavior.

scholarly journals Enabling self-direction in return to work of workers with high and low levels of education

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hoefsmit ◽  
B Pennings ◽  
I Houkes
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Pattern Matching ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Dutch legislation stimulates active participation of employees in their return-to-work (RTW) process. Earlier research showed that employees, particularly with low levels of education, are not always able to self-direct RTW. Empowering leadership may support this process. This study answers two research questions: (1) What differences and similarities do employers of employees with low versus high levels of education show in their management of RTW? (2) To what degree do the roles of employers in both types of organizations resemble empowering leadership? Methods We performed semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 10 HR professionals and supervisors working at a Dutch university. We also analysed transcripts from a study in which 13 HR professionals and supervisors from multiple Dutch industries (employing workers with low levels of education) were interviewed. We used purposive sampling to recruit participants. For question 1, the transcripts were analysed thematically. For question 2, pattern matching was applied. Results Preliminary results indicate that supervisors of both types of employees, show several similarities in managing RTW, such as the focus on possibilities instead of impossibilities, asking the advice of the occupational physician, and seeking support to increase employability. We also found that supervisors of employees with low levels of education have a stronger tendency to control and steer RTW and feel that possibilities for RTW are limited, while supervisors of high-educated employees tend to engage in dialogue more often and search for possibilities for work adjustments. Empowering leadership seems to be less common among supervisors of employees with low levels of education. Conclusions This study will benefit employers (of workers with both low and high levels of education) who aim to enable employees' self-direction in RTW, and help supervisors to develop more empowering leadership styles. This may lead to more sustainable RTW. Key messages Supervisors of employees with lower levels of education have a strong tendency to control and steer their employees’ return-to-work. Enabling employees’ self-direction in return-to-work requires empowering leadership.

scholarly journals Understanding the Occupational Adaptation Process and Well-Being of Older Adults in Magallanes (Chile): A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma ­Candia ◽  
Hueso­Montoro ◽  
Martí-García ◽  
Fernández-Alcántara ◽  
Campos-Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Occupational Adaptation ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Aging and longevity are important topics nowadays. Purpose: To describe how older adults perform the occupational adaptation process in the extreme region of Magallanes (Chile), and to identify the factors that might contribute to successful occupational adaptation and well-being. Method: Qualitative study, with a phenomenological interpretative approach. In-depth interviews were carried out with 16 older adults, with high or low levels of well-being, assessed with the Ryff Scale. An inductive content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs was performed. Findings: Resilience, self-esteem and interdependence with significant others are key elements that promote well-being. Participants develop strategies to minimize the effects of environmental factors. The occupation’s function in terms of socialization, use of time, and social participation is revealed as a conditioning factor of occupational adaptation. Implications: Interventions with older people to achieve a successful occupational adaptation process must take into consideration the commitment to meaningful activities.

scholarly journals General population and HIV prevention: from risk to action

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S93-S105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Paicheler
Keyword(s):  
Safer Sex ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Practice Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Dynamics Of Action

Since knowledge about AIDS transmission now appears to be very good, many observers are surprised that more people do not practice behavior, like safer sex, designed to minimize risk of contracting the disease. Still, previous studies have not shown that there is a direct link between knowledge and behavior. New models, based on people's concrete experiences, are therefore needed. The goal of this qualitative research, based on 61 in-depth interviews conducted in France, is to describe how people understand the threat of AIDS and how they face the risk of transmission in their sex lives. In order to understand preventive actions, we must study how information is interpreted and how knowledge is integrated, so that people perceive general or personal risk. We must also specify the way in which people distinguish between aspects of risk perception and vulnerability; feelings of personal control, constructed on the basis of social experiences; characteristics of situations; and finally, the dynamics of action. The proposed risk management model accounts for these diverse factors in elucidating the great diversity of actions reported. This dynamic, non-linear model is designed to capture both the impact of perceptive and cognitive elements on action and vice versa.

Internet plus policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalin Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Cooperative Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and determine the best course of action for policymakers in China when dealing with the implementation of best practices for the internet of things (IoT). The recently introduced Internet Plus strategy is an attempt by Chinese policymakers to boost the Chinese economy by diminishing its reliance on manufacturing and export in favor of a knowledge-based economy driven by services and the tech sector. The IoT is arguably one of the key drivers behind this transformation. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts an analysis of existing literature on the IoT and uses two complimentary theories, resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, to determine a set of policy recommendations. Findings A cooperative relationship between policymakers, start-up firms and academia is essential to the success of the IoT. The artificial intelligence industry also plays a key role in the development of the IoT and requires strategic funding and favorable policy. Finally, established and cost-effective standards and practices are much more likely to be effective than new and costly alternatives. Originality/value This paper examines the newly established field of the IoT and sets out a number of policy recommendations needed for its success. To achieve this, the author uses two complimentary theories unique to the business management field but increasingly compatible with the Chinese public policy sector.

scholarly journals Management behavior of indigenous peoples in conserving forest resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Rinda Sandayani Karhab
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Learning Attitudes ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Depth Interviews

The study aims to prove the influence of local wisdom, learning, attitudes on the intentions and behavior of indigenous peoples in behaving sustainably or preserving forest resources in East Kalimantan Province. The population in this study is customary law communities, namely groups of people who have local wisdom in protecting and managing the environment sustainably in the province of East Kalimantan. The purposive sampling method was used to select districts and villages as sample areas, namely the districts of Berau, East Kutai, and West Kutai with a total population of 12,483. The sample of customary law communities was taken using the nonprobability sampling technique, which includes incidental sampling and purposive sampling of 387 indigenous respondents. Subsequently, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 customary law community leaders as informants to produce more facts, complete the study description of the phenomenon being studied, and strengthen the research analysis. As a result, local wisdom has influenced the intentions and behavior of indigenous and tribal peoples to conserve forest resources. Learning can increase intention and influence community behavior to conserve forest resources. The attitude of the customary law community in supporting the preservation of forest resources has no effect on the intention to conserve forest resources and the stronger the intention to conserve forest resources, the more it will affect the behavior of the customary law community in conserving forest resources. Furthermore, the perception of indigenous and tribal peoples is that they are very supportive of the preservation of forest resources, forests are seen as an inseparable part of life due to their very high dependence on the economy.

Inspiring Poor Women to Empower Themselves

2020 ◽  
pp. 955-970
Author(s):  
Keitseope Nthomang
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Empirical studies on the impact of micro level intervention strategies on poverty among poor women in Botswana are lacking, yet women are a valuable asset for the economy of the country. Continued marginalization and disempowerment of women has become a serious problem which merit urgent attention. This article investigates the potential of the Grow Model in transforming the lives of 14 women who belong to the Kgopolano GROW Group in Molepolole, Botswana. Data was collected in May 2014 using primarily in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The analysis utilized both content and thematic approaches. The results showed how the Grow Model has inspired women to empower themselves and self-transform into productive and prosperous lives. The results affirm the strength of the GROW model in promoting empowerment for social change in marginalized contexts. Key policy recommendations recognizes the limitations of the GROW model and build on its strengths.

scholarly journals Houston, We Have a Problem: Enhancing Academic Freedom and Transparency in Publishing Through Post-Publication Debate

2020 ◽  
pp. 147892991988930
Author(s):  
Kristian Skrede Gleditsch
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Current Practices

Debates over controversial articles often highlight important issues regarding academic freedom, transparency, and how to handle disagreements in publishing. I argue that a response outlining criticism is generally a more productive course of action than calling for retraction. However, there are a number of constraints that impede meaningful debates, and a problematic divergence between our common ideals of open research and free debate and the actual practices that we see in academic publishing, where our current practices often undermine transparency, replication, and scientific debate. I argue that research can benefit from more explicit recognition of politics and preferences in how we evaluate research as well greater opportunities for post-publication debate. The successful initiatives to promote data replicability over the past decade provide useful lessons for what improved post-publication transparency may look like.

scholarly journals Body Representations of Internal Pollution: The Risk Perception of the Circulation of Environmental Contaminants in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6544
Author(s):  
Cristina Larrea-Killinger ◽  
Araceli Muñoz ◽  
Arantza Begueria ◽  
Jaume Mascaró-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Internal Pollution

In this article, we analyze how pregnant and breastfeeding women perceive the inside of their bodies as well as their thoughts regarding the accumulation and elimination of chemical compounds present in food, and how these are then transmitted to the fetus. We explore different social perceptions of risk regarding the circulation of chemical compounds inside the body using qualitative research based on the technique of body mapping, comprised of women’s figures of their bodies in combination with comments on the figures, food diaries and narratives from in-depth interviews. We examine how these 41 women (21 pregnant and 20 breastfeeding) perceive the body’s internal mechanisms during the stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as the circulation of chemical contaminants within it. The body mapping technique allowed us to analyze participants’ knowledge of internal pollution, a little-understood process in society. Thanks to these pregnant and breastfeeding women, who made an effort to represent and reflect on these new risks, this study shows that scientists and obstetricians need to collaborate with women in order to better understand and publicize the risks of internal pollution.

scholarly journals Effects of occupational exposure to glyphosate in winegrowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Ferrian ◽  
Antonella Annicchiarico ◽  
Mario Oliveri ◽  
Claudio Colosio ◽  
Emanuela Corsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Significant Health

Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide used in agriculture. For almost half a century, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has run a Monographs program, the conclusion in March 2015 that glyphosate is “probably carcinogenic to humans” in addition to being genotoxic and carcinogenic in animals, while the regulatory European Food Safety Authority have asserted that glyphosate poses no public risk. The scientific debate is still lively. We collected detailed socio-demographic, occupational exposures and health surveillance information for 26 winegrowers as aim to investigate exposure to glyphosate and other pesticide. Exposure was assessed through biological monitoring (24-hour urine collection), immune function (IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12, IL- 17, IL-33, IFN- γ), transcriptional and post transcriptional alterations (miRNA) and genotoxic effects (Comet assay). The exposure conditions in our winegrowers, as referred to the parameters so far analyzed, did not reveal a significant glyphosate absorption nor significant health concerns.

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