Impact of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154
Author(s):  
Potsawat Tanvetthayanont ◽  
Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan ◽  
Chutimon Thanaboonnipat ◽  
Nan Choisunirachon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Gonadal Status ◽  
Renal Length

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats. Methods Forty healthy cats (10 intact males, 10 intact females, 10 castrated males and 10 spayed females) presented to the Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and the Diagnostic Imaging Unit at The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. They were ultrasonographically examined to assess renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medullary thickness. Results Regardless of gonadal status, the renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medulla thickness of males were greater than those of females ( P <0.05). In general, neutered cats had thicker medullae (0.36 ± 0.08 cm) and higher mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio (12.15 ± 1.48) than intact cats (0.32 ± 0.08 cm and 11.22 ± 1.37 cm, respectively) ( P <0.05), but no differences were observed in renal length, cortical thickness or aortic luminal diameter. Interestingly, when comparing between sexes with relatively equal body weight, only sex had an impact on renal length. Conclusions and relevance Gonadal status has an effect on medullary thickness and mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio.

EMPTY BODY WEIGHTS, CARCASS WEIGHTS AND OFFAL PROPORTIONS IN BULLS AND STEERS OF DIFFERENT MATURE SIZE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
R. E. ROMPALA ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
C. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Animal Size

Empty body weights, carcass weights and offal proportions were compared in 33 young beef bulls and 33 beef steers of different mature body size (35 small or mainly British breed crosses, 31 large or Continental crosses). All cattle were fed a high energy diet based on corn silage and high moisture corn from weaning to slaughter. Slaughter was carried out once 6 mm of fat had been attained at the 11/12th ribs, determined ultrasonically. Feed was removed 24 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The offal components were all weighed fresh and the alimentary components emptied of digesta. Bulls weighed 8.0% heavier (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter, while large animals were 38.7% heavier (P < 0.0001) than small animals. Bulls and large animals had carcasses that dressed out 1.5% heavier than steers and small animals. To eliminate the effect of gutfill, carcass weights and offal components were expressed as a proportion of empty body weight. Bulls had a higher proportion of warm carcass weight and lower proportions of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, rumen, abomasum, large intestine and front feet relative to empty body weight than steers. Large animals had a greater proportion of warm carcass weight and hind feet, and a lower proportion of head, hide, liver, kidneys, omasum and small intestine relative to empty body weight than small animals. All castration by size interactions for liveweight, carcass weight, empty body weight and offal proportions were not significant. Castration and small animal size both increased the proportion of noncarcass parts relative to empty body weight in animals slaughtered at similar finish. Key words: Body, carcass, offal, bull, steer, maturity

Abstract 228: Alterations of Cardiac Morphology and Function Caused by Cardio-Thoracic Surgery in Small Animal Models of Heart Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nordbeck ◽  
Leoni Bönhof ◽  
Karl-Heinz Hiller ◽  
Sabine Voll ◽  
Paula Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Cardiac Morphology ◽  
Small Animal Models ◽  
And Function

Background: Surgical procedures in small animal models of heart disease, such as artificial ligation of the coronary arteries for experimental myocardial infarction, can evoke alterations in cardiac morphology and function. Such alterations might induce artificial early or long term effects in vivo that might account for a significant bias in basic cardiovascular research, and, therefore, could potentially question the meaning of respective studies in small animal models of heart disease. Methods: Female Wistar rats were matched for weight and distributed to sham left coronary artery ligation or untreated control. Cardiac parameters were then investigated in vivo by high-field MRI over time after the surgical procedure, determining left and right ventricular morphology and function. Additionally, the time course of several metabolic and inflammatory blood parameters was determined. Results: Rats after sham surgery showed a lower body weight for up to 8 weeks after the intervention compared to healthy controls. Left and right ventricular morphology and function were not different in absolute measures in both groups 1 week after surgery. However, there was a confined difference in several cardiac parameters normalized to the body weight (bw), such as myocardial mass (2.19±0.30/0.83±0.13 vs. 1.85±0.22/0.70±0.07 mg left/right per g bw, p<0.05), or enddiastolic ventricular volume (1.31±0.36/1.21±0.31 vs. 1.14±0.20/1.07±0.17 µl left/right per g bw, p<0.05). Vice versa, after 8 weeks, cardiac masses, volumes, and output showed a trend for lower values in the sham operated rats compared to the controls in absolute measures (782.2±57.2/260.2±33.2 vs. 805.9±84.8/310.4±48.5 mg, p<0.05 for left/right ventricular mass), but not normalized to body weight. Matching these findings, blood testing revealed prolonged metabolic and inflammatory changes after surgery not related to cardiac disease. Conclusion: There is a small distinct impact of cardio-thoracic surgical procedures on the global integrity of the organism, which in the long term also includes circumscribed repercussions on cardiac morphology and function. This impact has to be considered when analyzing data from respective studies and transferring the findings to conditions in patients.

scholarly journals Paper products as litter materials for broilers: performance, carcass defects, footpad lesions.

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Héctor L. Santiago ◽  
Kenneth H. Aponte ◽  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
José A. Orama ◽  
Mireille Argüelles
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Moisture Percentage

Recycled paper products were evaluated as litter material for broilers; parameters were growth performance, carcass quality, and footpad problems. One hundred sixty-eight broiler chicks were raised to market age (42 d) in an open-sided poultry house located at the Lajas Agricultural Experiment Station Small Animal Research Farm. Birds were assigned to 12 floor pens bedded with either rice hulls (RH) as control; a 50:50 mix of RH and shredded white paper (SWP); or a 50:50 mix of RH and shredded newspaper (SNP) according to a completely randomized design replicated four times. Traits measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, breast blister score, footpad burn score, and mortality. Litter moisture percentage was assessed at 14, 28, and 42 d of age. Litter material had no influence on body weight, breast blister score, or bird mortality. However, birds raised on SWP had lower feed intake and higher body weight than those raised on RH and SNP. No significant differences in feed conversion were observed among treatments from 7 to 28 d of age. At 35 and 42 d, birds raised in SWP had significantly lower feed conversion than controls, whereas feed conversion of birds raised in SNP did not differ from that of the other treatments. No differences were found for carcass yield among treatments. At all sampling times, litter moisture percentage was significantly higher in SNP than in the control. No litter caking problems were observed in any of the treatments. Significant differences in footpad burn scores were observed among all treatments, with birds raised on SNP having higher scores (severer lesions), than those on SWP and RH.The results suggest that recycled paper products could be an excellent alternative bedding material for broilers. The use of SWP as litter appears to improve broiler performance and reduce the incidence of footpad problems.

scholarly journals Serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration in healthy horses and horses with acute kidney injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Siwinska ◽  
Agnieszka Zak ◽  
Malwina Slowikowska ◽  
Artur Niedzwiedz ◽  
Urszula Paslawska
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine

Abstract Background There are limited options to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is routinely used in human and small animal medicine. The aim of this study was to assess serum SDMA concentrations in healthy horses and horses with AKI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of: 1) age, 2) sex, 3) body weight and 4) serum creatinine and urea levels on serum SDMA concentrations. Fifty-three healthy horses, including 17 foals (2–6 months of age) and 36 adult horses (3–29 years of age), and 23 horses with AKI were included in the study based on history, physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis and an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract. Serum SDMA concentrations were measured using a non-species specific commercial ELISA test. Results In healthy adult horses, the value of SDMA was 0.53 ± 0.14 μmol/L. The value was higher in foals (1.5 ± 0.4 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Horses with AKI had significantly higher concentrations of SDMA compared to healthy horses (1.76 ± 1.05 μmol/L, P < 0.001). In the healthy adult horses, there was no association of sex, age or body weight on SDMA. However, a significant positive relationship was found between serum creatinine and SDMA concentrations. Conclusions Healthy adult horses had SDMA values similar to those of other species. Foals had higher SDMA values. Therefore, different reference values should be created for them. The study confirmed an increased SDMA in horses with AKI. This, as well as the low influence of extrarenal factors on the SDMA values, may confirm its usefulness in the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction. Higher SDMA values may also indicate a more advanced degree of kidney dysfunction. Further research is required to determine whether SDMA could be used to detect kidney dysfunction in the asymptomatic stage of AKI.

scholarly journals A novel method optimizing the normalization of cardiac parameters in small animal models: the importance of dimensional indexing

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. H1552-H1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quint A. J. Hagdorn ◽  
Guido P. L. Bossers ◽  
Anne-Marie C. Koop ◽  
Arnold Piek ◽  
Tim R. Eijgenraam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Small Animal Models ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Tibia Length

For indexing cardiac measures in small animal models, tibia length (TL) is a recommended surrogate for body weight (BW) that aims to avoid biases because of disease-induced BW changes. However, we question if indexing by TL is mathematically correct. This study aimed to investigate the relation between TL and BW, heart weight, ventricular weights, and left ventricular diameter to optimize the current common practice of indexing cardiac parameters in small animal models. In 29 healthy Wistar rats (age 5–34 wk) and 116 healthy Black 6 mice (age 3–17 wk), BW appeared to scale nonlinearly to TL1 but linearly to TL3. Formulas for indexing cardiac weights were derived. To illustrate the effects of indexing, cardiac weights between the 50% with highest BW and the 50% with lowest BW were compared. The nonindexed cardiac weights differed significantly between groups, as could be expected ( P < 0.001). However, after indexing by TL1, indexed cardiac weights remained significantly different between groups ( P < 0.001). With the derived formulas for indexing, indexed cardiac weights were similar between groups. In healthy rats and mice, BW and heart weights scale linearly to TL3. This indicates that not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept in which cardiac parameters should not all be indexed to the same measure but one-dimensional measures to BW1/3 or TL1, two-dimensional measures to BW2/3 or TL2, and three-dimensional measures to BW or TL3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In healthy rats and mice, body weight (BW) scales linearly to tibia length (TL) to the power of three (TL3). This indicates that for indexing cardiac parameters, not TL1 but TL3 is the optimal surrogate for BW. New formulas for indexing heart weight and isolated ventricular weights are provided, and we propose a concept of dimensionally consistent indexing. This concept is proposed to be widely applied in small animal experiments.

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