Coordination variability during running in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110443
Author(s):  
Hunter J Bennett ◽  
Taylor Jones ◽  
Kevin A Valenzuela ◽  
Justin A Haegele

Autistic persons exhibit variable movement, loading, and coordination patterns during walking. While much research has examined walking, little to no research exists regarding running for autistic persons despite its prevalence and benefits as a mode of physical activity. This study determined if autistic adolescents demonstrate increased coordination variability during running compared to matched controls. Seventeen autistic adolescents (aged = 13–18 years) and seventeen sex, age, and body mass index matched controls performed running at two matched speeds: self-selected of autistic adolescents and at 3.0 m/s. Modified vector coding was used to determine the patterns of movement for foot-shank, shank-thigh, left/right thigh, and contralateral arm-thigh coupling. Coordination variability, measuring cycle-to-cycle variability, was determined during loading response and pushoff phases. Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine group by speed interactions and main effects. Coordination variability was nearly 2× larger (all p < 0.001) in autistic adolescents compared to controls. Speed main effects were found for several sagittal plane couples during loading response. In agreement with walking analyses, this study illustrates that autistic adolescents run with increased intra-limb, inter-limb, and cross-body coordination variability. Like walking, increased coordination variability during running may negatively impact this mode of physical activity for autistic persons. Lay abstract Walking and running are popular forms of physical activity that involve the whole body (pelvis/legs and arms/torso) and are coordinated by the neuromuscular system, generally without much conscious effort. However, autistic persons tend not to engage in sufficient amounts of these activities to enjoy their health benefits. Recent reports indicate that autistic individuals tend to experience altered coordination patterns and increased variability during walking tasks when compared to non-autistic controls. Greater stride-to-stride coordination variability, when the task has not changed (i.e. walking at same speed and on same surface), is likely indicative of motor control issues and is more metabolically wasteful. To date, although, research examining running is unavailable in any form for this population. This study aimed to determine if coordination variability during running differs between autistic adolescents and age, sex, and body mass index matched non-autistic controls. This study found that increased variability exists throughout the many different areas of the body (foot-leg, left/right thighs, and opposite arm-opposite thigh) for autistic adolescents compared to controls. Along with previous research, these findings indicate autistic persons exhibit motor control issues across both forms of locomotion (walking and running) and at multiple speeds. These findings highlight issues with motor control that can be addressed by therapeutic/rehabilitative programming. Reducing coordination variability, inherently lessening metabolic inefficiency, may be an important step toward encouraging autistic youth to engage in sufficient physical activity (i.e. running) to enjoy physiological and psychological benefits.

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
Manuela Costa ◽  
Tânia Oliveira ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Maria Paula Santos ◽  
José Carlos Ribeiro

Objective: The objective of this study was twofold. First, analyze physical activity (PA) levels during physical education (PE) with different durations (45 and 90 minutes) according to student’s obesity status. Secondly, we examine the relative contribution of 45 and 90 minutes PE (45PE and 90PE) for the compliance of the daily PA recommendations according to the body mass index (BMI). Methods: Four public schools were analyzed. The sample comprised 472 youngsters (266 girls) aged between 10 and 18 years old. PA was assessed using an Actigraph accelerometer. The participants were categorized as non-overweight (NOW) and overweight/obese (OW) according to the sex-adjusted BMI. Results: The proportion of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) was lower than the 50% recommended by guidelines regardless the PE duration. Our data showed that only 26% of NOW and 13% of OW in the 45PE achieved the recommended levels while 17% of NOW and 11% of OW achieved the recommendation in 90PE. Overall, the 90PE had a higher absolute contribution for daily MVPA recommendations compliance than 45PE. Conclusion: During PE classes youngsters spent a reduced amount of time in MVPA, independently of their weight status.Resumen. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene un doble objetivo. En primero lugar, analizar los niveles de la actividad física durante la educación física con diferentes duraciones (45 y 90 minutos) de acuerdo con el estado de la obesidad de los alumnos. En segundo lugar, se analiza la contribución relativa de 45 y 90 minutos de la educación física para el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física según el índice de masa grasa. Métodos: cuatro escuelas públicas fueran analizadas. La muestra fue de 472 jóvenes (266 chicas) con edades entre los 10 y 18 años. La actividad física fue medida utilizando un acelerómetro Actigraph. Los participantes fueran clasificados como sin sobrepeso y con sobrepeso/obesidad de acuerdo con el índice de masa grasa ajustado al género. Resultados: La proporción de la actividad física moderada y vigorosa fue inferior al 50% recomendado por las recomendaciones independiente de la duración de la clase de educación física. Nuestros datos muestran que solo unos 26% de los niños sin sobrepeso y unos 13% de niñoss con sobrepeso/obesidad llegaron al los niveles recomendados en las clases de 45 min, mientras el 17% de los jóvenes sin sobrepeso y el 11% con sobrepeso/obesidad han logrado las recomendaciones en las clases de 90 min. En general, las clases de 90 min tienen una mayor contribución para cumplimiento de las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física moderada a vigorosa do que las clases de 45 min. Conclusión: Durante las clases de educación física los jóvenes tuvieran una cantidad reducida de tiempo en actividad física moderada a vigorosa, independiente de su estado de peso.


Author(s):  
Oziely Daniela Armenta-Hernandez ◽  
Aidé Aracely Maldonado-Macias ◽  
Margarita Ortiz Solís ◽  
Miguel Ángel Serrano-Rosa ◽  
Yolanda Angélica Baez-López ◽  
...  

Mental health disorders resulting from work stressors are increasing in the Mexican manufacturing industry and worldwide. Managerial positions in these contexts are highly stressful, and although physical activity may reduce the negative effects of work stress, the relationships between these two aspects regarding their effects on the body mass index (BMI) of obese managers are scarcely studied. This article aims to study such relationships by using the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) dimensions with the Baecke’s physical activity questionnaire dimensions and analyzing their effects on the BMI. A sample of 255 managers from the Mexican industry, with a (BMI > 30) participated by answering the surveys and providing their weight, their height, and certain sociodemographic information. The research hypotheses were tested using WarpPLS® 6.0 for structural equation modeling. The results for three models featuring acceptable reliability to estimate the direct, indirect, and total effects are presented. The first model showed a medium explanatory power, the variable of job decision-making authority having the greatest direct effect on BMI. The second model showed a medium explanatory power, and the variable of physical activity during leisure-time observed the unique direct effect on BMI. Finally, although the integrating model showed a small explanatory power, both work stress and the physical activity exerted observed direct effects on BMI reduction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Helfrida Situmorang

The irreversible risk factors for osteoporosis are age, gender, race, family / hereditary history, body shape and history of fractures. The risk factors for osteoporosis that can be changed are smoking, vitamin and nutritional deficiencies, lifestyle, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa), early menopause, and the use of certain drugs such as corticosteroids, glucocorticosteroids, and diuretics. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of osteoporosis. The research design used was non-experimental, namely a correlational research design, namely research conducted to determine the relationship between two variables. The population in this study were all osteoporosis patients with age. over 45 years old who seek treatment at the Puskesmas Gunting Saga Kec. Kualuh Selatan District of North Labuhan Batu totaling 45 people. The sampling method used was the total sampling technique, which was the same as the population of 45 people. Data collection used is the method of filling out a questionnaire which includes written questions used to obtain data information from the questionnaire. The data analysis conducted was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. In this study, researchers still adhere to ethical principles. The results illustrate that the respondents are mostly 51-65 years old as many as 27 people (60%). Most of the sex of respondents were women as many as 37 people (82.2 %%). Most of the respondents had no history of osteoporosis as many as 31 people (68.9%). Most of the body mass index of respondents whose body mass index was over 34 people (75.6%). Most of the respondents in the smoking category did not smoke as many as 32 people (71.7%). Most of the respondents' physical activity in the category of independent physical activity was 38 people (84.4%). The conclusion is that there is no relationship between age, sex, family history, body mass index, and smoking with the incidence of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, physical activity has a relationshipwithosteoporosis.   Abstrak Faktor-faktor resiko osteoporosis yang tidak dapat diubah yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, ras, riwayat keluarga/keturunan, bentuk tubuh dan sejarah patah tulang. Faktor–faktor resiko osteoporosis yang dapat diubah adalah merokok, defisiensi vitamin dan gizi, gaya hidup, gangguan makan (anoreksia nervosa), menopause dini, serta penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu seperti kortikosteroid, glukokortikosteroid, serta diuretik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian osteoporosis Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah non eksperimen yaitu rancangan atau desain penelitian yang bersifat korelasional yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan dua variabel.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien osteoporosis dengan usia diatas 45 tahun yang berobat di Puskesmas Gunting Saga Kec. Kualuh Selatan Kab Labuhan Batu Utara berjumlah 45 orang.Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dengan teknik total sampling yaitu sama dengan populasi adalah sebanyak 45 orang. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode pengisian kuesioner yang meliputi pertanyaan tertulis yang digunakan untuk memperoleh informasidata dari kuesioner.Analisa data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti tetap berpedoman pada prinsip-prinsip etik.Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa responden sebagian besar berumur 51-65 tahun sebanyak 27 orang (60%). Jenis kelamin responden sebagian besar wanita sebanyak  37 orang (82.2%%).Riwayat keluarga responden sebagian besar berstatus tidak ada riwayat osteoporosis sebanyak 31 orang (68.9%).Indeks masa tubuh responden sebagian besar Indeks masa tubuh lebih sebanyak 34 orang (75.6%).Merokok responden sebagian besar kategori tidak merokok sebanyak 32 orang (71.7%).Aktivitas fisik responden sebagian besar kategori aktivitas fisik mandiri sebanyak 38 orang (84.4%).Kesimpulan bahwa tidak ada hubungan umur, jeniskelamin, riwayat keluarga,indeks massa tubuh,dan merokok dengan kejadian osteoporosis. Sedangkan aktivitas fisikada hubungan dengan kejadian osteoporosis.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Felipe Andrés Hermosilla Palma ◽  
Luis Felipe Castelli de Campos ◽  
Marco Cossio Bolaños ◽  
Cristian Luarte Rocha ◽  
Grimanés Medina Monsalve ◽  
...  

  Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es de comparar la velocidad de marcha (VM), fuerza de tren superior (PM) y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en mujeres mayores que participan de forma regular en talleres de actividad física, según rango de edad, así como, verificar la asociación entre Edad, IMC y PM con VM en 10 metros. Metodología: Participaron voluntariamente 85 mujeres (70,1±6,9años) vinculadas al programa de talleres de adulto mayor del IND de la región de Ñuble. Las participantes fueron categorizadas según rango de edad (grupo total [GT], 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 y 80-84 años). Se evaluó el peso corporal y la estatura para el cálculo de IMC, la fuerza de tren superior con la prueba de prensión manual (PM) en la mano dominante y la VM en 10 metros. Resultados: Los principales resultados apuntan que la VM fue significativamente inferior para el grupo de 80-84 años comparados a los grupos GT (p<0.03), 60-64 (p<0.00) y de 65-69 años (p<0.03). El grupo 70-74 años fueron significativamente más lento que el de 60-64 años (p<0.02). La relación entre VM y PM para el grupo analizado fue positiva, baja y no significativa (r=0,20, p<0.06). Por fin, la Edad y el IMC resultaron en un modelo estadísticamente significativo [F(2,82)=13,784; p<0.001; R2=0.252, EE = 0,204m/s] para predicción de la VM. Conclusión: En general, concluimos que la VM se reduce en grupos con edades mayores y que la PM no presenta la misma tendencia, además que la Edad y el IMC son predictores de VM en mujeres mayores.  Abstract. The aim of this study is to compare the gait speed (VM), manual pressure force (PM) and the Body Mass Index (IMC) in older women who participate regularly in physical activity programs, according to age, as well as, to verify the association between Age, IMC and PM with MV in 10 meters. 85 older women (70.1 ± 6.9 years) from the physical activity program of the National Sports Institute of the Ñuble / Chile region voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were categorized according to age range (total group [GT], 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and 80-84 years). Body weight and height were evaluated for the calculation of IMC, upper body strength with the manual grip test (PM) in the dominant hand and the MV in 10 meters. Results: The main results indicate that MV was significantly lower for the 80-84 year-old group compared to the GT (p <0.03), 60-64 (p <0.00) and 65-69 years (p < 0.03). The 70-74 year group were significantly slower than the 60-64 year group (p <.024). The relationship between MV and PM for the analyzed group was positive, low and not significant (r = 0.20, p <0.06). Finally, Age and BMI resulted in a statistically significant model [F (2,82) = 13,784; p <0.001; R2 = 0.252, SE = 0.204m / s] for prediction of MV. Conclusion: In general, we conclude that MV decreased in older age groups and that PM does not present the same trend and that Age and IMC are predictors of MV in older women.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassane Diallo ◽  
Boubacar Djelo Diallo ◽  
Lansana Mady Camara ◽  
Lucrèce Ahouéfa Nadège Kounoudji ◽  
Boubacar Bah ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Despite the predictor role of the body weight variation on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment outcome, little data are available to corroborate this finding. We aimed to study the course of weight in patients with MDR-TB, to identify subgroups of weight evolutions, and to determine factors that influence these evolutions.Methods Patients treated with a shorter MDR-TB treatment regimen between June 07, 2016 and June 22, 2018 from three major drug-resistance TB centres in Guinea, who had rifampicin resistance, and who were cured or died were analysed. Patients were seen monthly until the end of treatment. Clinical outcome was the Body Mass Index (BMI). We used a linear mixed model to analyze the course of BMI and a latent class mixed model to identify subgroup of BMI evolutions.Results Of 232 patients treated for MDR-TB during the study period, 165 (71%) were analysed. These patients had a total of 1387 visits, with a median of 5 visits (interquartile range, 3 – 8 visits). Monthly BMI increase was 0.24 (SE 0.02) per kg/m 2 . Factors that associated with faster BMI progression were cured to MDR-TB treatment (0.24 [SE 0.09] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0205), and the absence of lung cavities on X-ray (0.18 [0.06] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0068). Two subgroups of BMI evolution were identified: “Rapid BMI (n = 121; 85%) and “Slow BMI evolution (n = 22; 15%). Patients in the slow increasing BMI group were mostly female (68%) without history of TB treatment (41%) with most severe clinical condition at baseline, characterized by a higher frequency of symptoms including HIV infection (59%), depression (18%), dyspnea (68%), poor adherence to MDR-TB treatment (64%), lower platelets count, and higher liver SGOT count. These patients had also a longer time to-initial culture conversion delay (log-rank test: p = 0.0087).Conclusion The available data provide quantitative information on BMI progression of patients with MDR-TB treated with a shorter regimen, and allowed the identification of the subgroup of patients with different BMI evolutions. Furthermore, they emphasize the usefulness of BMI as biomarker to monitor MDR-TB treatment outcome.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geubrina Kananda ◽  
Eka Roina Megawati

According to the World Health Organization in 2010, overweight and obesity are the fifth risk factors of the cause of death in the world. Obesity is influenced by the level of physical activity and it could cause a disturbance in dynamic balance and induce sleep disorder known as sleep apnea. Meanwhile, the lack of physical activity also affects the dynamic balance that can increase the risk of fall injury during the dynamic physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among body mass index, physical activity, the dynamic balance, and sleep patterns. The subjects of this study were 72 young adults aged 20 years in average, consisted of 47 males and 25 females. The body mass index was undertaken by dividing the body weight (kg) and height in meter square (m2). The level of physical activity was performed by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Meanwhile, the dynamic balance was measured by using the modified Bass test; while sleep patterns was measured by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. This study found that there was a significant association between BMI and dynamic balance with p value = 0.006 (p 0.05); whereas physical activity was not significantly associated to the dynamic balance (p0.05). Meanwhile, body mass index and physical activity were not significantly associated to sleep patterns (p 0.05). This study concludes that body mass index has a significant association to dynamic balance. Meanwhile, dynamic balance is highly needed in carrying out dynamic physical activity to avoid fall injury.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Lorik Ramaj ◽  
Sadete Hasani

The purpose of this paper was to determine the level of physical activity and healthy nutrition in children aged 3-6 years from Mitrovica. The research was attended by 94 children aged 3 - 6 years from two kindergartens in Mitrovica. As a parameter that measured the weight and height of the children,  it was calculated with the standardized procedure of Body Mass Index (BMI)  then was calculated according to the standard formula used by (Betterhealth, 2016). Also, after extracting other information through the questionnaire, a quantitative research was conducted through the parents of 94 children who were part of the measurements. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was previously translated and adapted into Albanian with permission to use it. The questionnaire was combined by three different questionnaires such as: the lifestyle questionnaire (Wilson et al., 2008), the physical activity questionnaire Pre-PAQ test (Dwyer et al., 2011) and the nutrition questionnaire (Rysha et al., 2017). The data collected during the research were placed in the statistical program SPSS version 21.0, and the presentation of this data was done through a descriptive analysis. The results that came from  this research showed that the effect of physical activity, lifestyle and nutrition have quite a high impact on body mass index in children. From the results we saw that the children of the two kindergartens from the municipality of Mitrovica did quite well in terms of physical activity, where in the questionnaires that were answered 89.4% of children were active more than an hour a day by walking and doing other activities. Also, the results regarding the questions in which they were asked about the time that children use the phone were at a satisfactory level, where a large percentage of parents, 77.7%, declared that their children did not use the phone  more than an hour a day. While in terms of nutrition, there have been many results which need more detailed analysis and to take preventive measures such as consumption of energy drinks, carbonated beverages, fast food, etc. From the measurement of children aged 3-4 years only one child turned out to be overweight with BMI = 18.7, while the rest came out with BMI with normal limits. As for children aged 4-5 years, one child turned out to be underweight with BMI = 12.4 and one obese with BMI = 21.9 and the others with BMI with normal limits. And out of children aged 5-6 years one child came out overweight with BMI = 17.7 and two others obese, one with BMI = 19.7 and the other BMI = 19.8 and the other children had normal weight (Betterhealth, 2016).


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Lorik Ramaj ◽  
Sadete Hasani

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the problems of underweight, overweight and obesity in young people of high school in Drenas, respectively a sample of 150 adolescents (73 males and 77 females aged 17 years). The research was conducted in the physical education class, initially was performed measurement of weight and height then the questionnaire with 26 questions. Data were collected with the statistical program SPSS version 21.0, descriptive analysis was performed with (Mean and standard deviation), all variables were tested for normality, significant level (significant level p <0.05). Results of anthropometric characteristics, the average age was 17.2 years. Weight / kg for men was 59.4 kg for women 57.3kg the average for both genders was 58.3 (± 6.2) kg. Height / cm  males 1.68cm,  females 1.61cm the average of both genders was 1.64 (± 6.6) cm. BMI body mass index kg / m² in men 21.0, women 22.1, the average of both sexes 21.55 kg / m5. The results show that men have lower BMI (p> 0.05) 21.55 kg / m² than girls with 22.1 kg / m². Data showed underweight males are 12%, and females 10%. BMI Normal male 74%, and female 69%. Overweight males 11%, females 13% while a significant difference was observed between obese boys and girls (obese) males 3% and females 8%. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that small percentages are involved in collective or individual sports, the most pronounced participation in sports was identified: football, volleyball and basketball, and relatively satisfactory were physical activity in household activities. It is recommended to build outdoor fitness and sports gyms, as well as the opening of various sports clubs in this area, and to have more research in this area, to prove the institucions how important are places for sport and physical activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-164
Author(s):  
Adi S ◽  
Rohmad Apriyanto ◽  
Made Bang Redy Utama ◽  
Rifqi Festiawan ◽  
Guntur Firmansyah ◽  
...  

This study describes the strength, concentration, interest, physical activity and body mass index between regular schools and Islamic boarding schools based schools. The results of this study were carried out as material for evaluating the interests of interests. This research is a non-experimental quantitative research. The sample in this study were high school students in regular schools and Islamic boarding schools in Kab. Bojonegoro. The number of regular students is 221, students of Islamic boarding schools are 245. The instruments used to measure the variables of this study include: the strength variable (Push Up, Sit Up, Back Up). Concentration variable using grid concentration test. Interest variables using a questionnaire. The physical activity variable used the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ short). The body mass index variable uses the national nutritional obesity formula. This research was conducted semi-online. Items of interest and physical activity were carried out offline, while physical fitness, concentration and body mass index were carried out boldly. Regular school excels at item strength and physical activity. Islamic boarding school-based schools are superior in concentration and interest. Regular school students tend to be obese than boarding school students.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne A. Lewis ◽  
Anshul Pandya

While the consumption of a market-based diet is increasing, subsistence food still forms a part of caloric intake for Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of consumption of a market-based diet compared to a subsistence diet on the body mass index (BMI) of the people living in this region.  For this, 82 adult participants were recruited, and their weight and height were measured to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI). The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included questions about their family background, lifestyle, physical fitness and dietary patterns. Linear regression models were used to examine BMI's association with variables of diet and physical activity, followed by correlational analysis between BMI and these variables. No significant correlation was identified between BMI and how often people ate a subsistence-based diet. A strong positive correlation was found between BMI and how often people eat food prepared in a restaurant or ate fast food and junk food. A strong negative correlation was found between BMI and frequency of exercise by the participants. Physical activity and consumption of a western diet rather than a subsistence diet are more significant determinants of BMI among Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. These results can be used as a baseline for further studies linking diet and health outcomes among this region's residents.


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