scholarly journals Administration of pro re nata medications by the nurse to incapacitated patients: An ethical perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110341
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Vaismoradi ◽  
Cathrine Fredriksen Moe ◽  
M Flores Vizcaya-Moreno ◽  
Piret Paal
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Medicines Management ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
Incapacitated Patients ◽  
Pro Re Nata ◽  
And Training ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues

The administration of pro re nata medications is the responsibility of the nurse. However, ethical uncertainties often happen due to the inability of incapacitated patients to collaborate with the nurse in the process of decision making for pro re nata medication administration. There is a lack of integrative knowledge and insufficient understanding regarding ethical considerations surrounding the administration of pro re nata medications to incapacitated patients. Therefore, they have been discussed in this paper and practical strategies to avoid unethical practices have been suggested. The complicated caring situation surrounding the administration of pro re nata medications is intertwined with ethical issues affecting the consideration of the patient's wishes and interventions that override them. The patient's right of autonomy and treatment refusal, surrogacy role, paternalism, and coercion are the main ethos of ethical pro re nata medication administration. Education and training can help nurses avoid legal and ethical issues in pro re nata medicines management and improve the quality and safety of healthcare. Empirical research is needed to improve our understanding of this phenomenon in the multidisciplinary environment of medicines management.

scholarly journals Accelerating the carbon cycle: the ethics of enhanced weathering

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 20160859 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lawford-Smith ◽  
A. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Dirty Hands ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Immoral Action ◽  
Critical Challenge

Enhanced weathering, in comparison to other geoengineering measures, creates the possibility of a reduced cost, reduced impact way of decreasing atmospheric carbon, with positive knock-on effects such as decreased oceanic acidity. We argue that ethical concerns have a place alongside empirical, political and social factors as we consider how to best respond to the critical challenge that anthropogenic climate change poses. We review these concerns, considering the ethical issues that arise (or would arise) in the large-scale deployment of enhanced weathering. We discuss post-implementation scenarios, failures of collective action, the distribution of risk and externalities and redress for damage. We also discuss issues surrounding ‘dirty hands’ (taking conventionally immoral action to avoid having to take action that is even worse), whether enhanced weathering research might present a moral hazard, the importance of international governance and the notion that the implementation of large-scale enhanced weathering would reveal problematic hubris. Ethics and scientific research interrelate in complex ways: some ethical considerations caution against research and implementation, while others encourage them. Indeed, the ethical perspective encourages us to think more carefully about how, and what types of, geoengineering should be researched and implemented.

Ethical considerations with regard to adolescent consent in the perioperative setting: Talking points for anaesthetic practitioners

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Daniel Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues

The legal and ethical issues surrounding the care of children and young people in the perioperative setting are often vague and an anaesthetic practitioner could find themselves inadequately prepared for any issues that may arise. This paper details the case of an adolescent who withdrew her consent to surgery whilst in the anaesthetic room. It raises questions about Gillick Competency and whether the use of restraint is ever justified.

scholarly journals Ethical considerations in adult and community education research in Nigeria: issues and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Olawale Olaniran ◽  
Ikeoluwapo B. Baruwa
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development Workers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Training

Abstract There is a growing international interest in ethical issues in research and the process by which it can be enhanced. Unlike in the past when research studies were conducted abruptly, almost all organisations and research institutes now have various mechanisms to ensure compliance with ethical standards and procedures. Adult and community education research in Nigeria continues to gain the attention of governments and Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) due to the need to improve the literacy rate among adult learners and out-of-school youths in the country. However, in many workshops and training involving academics and development workers, much of the discussions on ethical issues in data collection and research reportage are not given the necessary attention that it requires. This review paper explores the ethical issues in adult and community education research with a view to re-awakening the consciousness of adult education scholars and practitioners, both in Nigeria and on the continent of Africa, to rethink how research data and processes are managed, such that it conforms with best practices globally.

scholarly journals A student perspective of ethics in the Zambian construction industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambo Zulu ◽  
Franco Muleya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Student Perspective ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Unethical Practices

Purpose The importance of ethical considerations in the construction industry is acknowledged. This is particularly the case that the industry plays a significant part in a nation’s development. The Zambian construction industry has seen an increase in activity due, in part, to massive infrastructure development programmes adopted by successive governments, increase in foreign direct investment and housing development. The Zambian construction industry, like any other, is not immune to unethical behaviour. This study aims to investigate students’ perception of the prevalence of unethical practices in the Zambian construction industry. A review of literature demonstrated that a number of contextual factors including location can influence the perception of unethical practices. A focus on Zambia was therefore considered necessary. Design/methodology/approach In total, 121 students took part in a questionnaire survey to examine their perception of the extent to which unethical practices were prevalent in the Zambian construction industry. Findings The findings suggest that students perceived bribery/corruption and political/societal influences as the two most common unethical practices, while the least prevalent unethical practices were perceived to be alcohol/drug abuse and workplace violence. The findings are largely consistent with previous studies investigating the ethical perception of professionals in the Zambian construction industry. In addition, the findings suggests that when the year and programme of study are taken into consideration, the differences in perception of unethical practices are evident for these demographic groups. Originality/value This study provided an added dimension to the understanding of ethical issues in the Zambian construction industry as it was the first of its kind involving students’ perceptions. This paper therefore contributes to the list of countries where similar studies have been undertaken.

Counseling Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Clients

2017 ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
Barrie Morganstein
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Therapeutic Services ◽  
Specialized Population ◽  
And Training ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues

This chapter focuses on developing a clinical practice with Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing individuals. Providing therapeutic services to this specialized population requires knowledge and training in many areas. While the linguistic implications are most obvious, clinicians must also take into account assistive technology, legal and ethical issues, and cultural identity, to name only a few. The author, a psychologist who has trained and practiced extensively with these individuals, describes her practice with this population, including training for, building, and marketing this niche. Developing a practice that understands and meets the needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals can be challenging and rewarding. The chapter also provides a list of resources.

Legal and ethical issues in care of older adults

2017 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Reijo Tilvis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Advanced Directives ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues

Widely accepted ethical principles are taken into account in several international declarations and recommendations, but national legislations of care for old people are characterized by wide diversity. Ethical considerations go further than pure clinical assessments and include all consequences of starting and/or withholding of cure and care. The oldest Hippocratic principles—beneficence (doing good) and non-maleficence (not harming)—are obligations of physicians to act in the best interest of the patients. Autonomy, the existence and feeling of freedom of choice and self-governance, has replaced paternalism, and is cherished in Western culture. Sufficient information and capacity of the patient are preconditions for giving informed consent before any treatment is undertaken. In cases of lacking capacity, the healthcare providers must consult family members or other proxy persons to find out what the patient’s wish might have been. Advanced statements of wishes or advanced directives can help to avoid surrogate decisions.

Engaging pharmacogenomics in pain management and opioid selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Bright ◽  
Natasha Petry ◽  
Eric Roath ◽  
Tyler Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
And Training ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues

Opioid misuse and mismanagement has been a public health crisis for several years. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has been proposed as another tool to enhance opioid selection and optimization, with recent studies demonstrating successful implementation and outcomes. However, broad engagement with PGx for opioid management is presently limited. The purpose of this Perspective is to highlight a series of barriers to PGx implementation within the specific context of opioid management. Areas of advancement needed for more robust pharmacogenomic engagement with opioids will be discussed, including clinical and economic research needs, education and training needs, policy and public health considerations, as well as legal and ethical issues. Continuing efforts to address these issues may help to further operationalize PGx toward improving opioid use.

scholarly journals Marginalized Knowledge: An Agenda for Indigenous Knowledge Develop-ment and Integration with Other Forms of Knowledge

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
Dennis Ocholla
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Evaluation Use ◽  
And Training ◽  
Legal And Ethical Issues ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in order to suggest an agenda for its development and integration with other forms of knowledge. The paper discusses what marginalization of IK mean, examines the challenges of integrating IK in the mainstream of other forms of knowledges and sug-gests agenda for IK development. The suggested agenda focuses on mapping and auditing IK capacity in Africa, legal and ethical issues, IK management, IK education and training, integration of IK and KM, IK brain drain. The paper recommends that information on IK be widely shared for evaluation, use and further devel-opment.

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