scholarly journals Houston, We Have a Problem: Enhancing Academic Freedom and Transparency in Publishing Through Post-Publication Debate

2020 ◽  
pp. 147892991988930
Author(s):  
Kristian Skrede Gleditsch
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Current Practices

Debates over controversial articles often highlight important issues regarding academic freedom, transparency, and how to handle disagreements in publishing. I argue that a response outlining criticism is generally a more productive course of action than calling for retraction. However, there are a number of constraints that impede meaningful debates, and a problematic divergence between our common ideals of open research and free debate and the actual practices that we see in academic publishing, where our current practices often undermine transparency, replication, and scientific debate. I argue that research can benefit from more explicit recognition of politics and preferences in how we evaluate research as well greater opportunities for post-publication debate. The successful initiatives to promote data replicability over the past decade provide useful lessons for what improved post-publication transparency may look like.

Cybersecurity Teamwork: A Review of Current Practices and Suggested Improvements

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
Richard J. Simonson ◽  
Joseph R. Keebler ◽  
Mathew Lessmiller ◽  
Tyson Richards ◽  
John C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Team Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Current Practices

As cyber-attacks and their subsequent responses have become more frequent and complex over the past decade, research into the performance and effectiveness of cybersecurity teams has gained an immense amount of traction. However, investigation of teamwork in this domain is lacking due to the exclusion of known team competencies and a lack of reliance on team science. This paper serves to provide insight into the benefit that can be gained from utilizing the extant teamwork literature to improve teams’ research and applications in the domain of cyber-security.

scholarly journals Felid Cardiopulmonary Nematodes: Dilemmas Solved and New Questions Posed

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Donato Traversa ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Anastasia Diakou
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Applied Knowledge

In the past decade cardiopulmonary nematodes affecting felids have become a core research topic in small animal parasitology. In the late 2000s, an increase in studies was followed by unexpected findings in the early 2010s, which have stimulated research teams to start investigating these intriguing parasites. Prolific scientific debate and exchanges have then fostered field and laboratory studies and epi-zootiological surveys. New data have improved basic and applied knowledge, solved dilemmas and posed new questions. This article discusses the past and present background to felid cardiopulmonary nematodes after the last few years of intense scientific research. New data which have demonstrated the key role of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior in causing respiratory infections in domestic cats, and on the nil to negligible current importance of other species, i.e., Troglostrongylus subcrenatus, Oslerus rostratus and Angiostrongylus chabaudi, are presented. Biological information and hypothesized alternative routes of infection are analysed and discussed. Novel identification and taxonomical data and issues are reported and commented upon. On the whole, recent biological, ecological and epi-zootiological information on felid meta-strongyloids is critically analysed, with the aim to answer outstanding questions, stimulate future studies, and underline new research perspectives.

The Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention in Pediatrics: Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S27-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Bryant ◽  
Danielle M. Zerr ◽  
W. Charles Huskins ◽  
Aaron M. Milstone
Keyword(s):  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Current Practices

Central line–associated bloodstream infections cause morbidity and mortality in children. We explore the evidence for prevention of central line–associated bloodstream infections in children, assess current practices, and propose research topics to improve prevention strategies.

scholarly journals On the Horizon

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656
Author(s):  
Marilyn Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Component Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Course Of Action

Service to this wonderful profession and to this Association has been possible because of the love and support of so many. Many individuals have given their unflagging support for so many years. My thanks to all of the past and current members of our Board of Directors, who have truly been the driving force behind our activities; to the members of our House of Delegates, who set our course of action; to all at the component level, who help to steer much of our action and without whose support little would be possible; and to our Headquarters staff, without whose tireless efforts our accomplishments would, quite simply, not be possible. Countless others within the profession have been an integral part of my life, and to them I shall always be indebted for their mentorship, their expertise, their loyalty, and their friendship.

scholarly journals HISTORY AS FUTURE—TIME, PREDICTION, AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVE IN THE ZUO ZHUAN

Early China ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 29-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gibas
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Future Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Future ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Zuo Zhuan

AbstractThis article demonstrates that historical narrative in the Zuo zhuan is founded on the concept of “timeliness,” that is, on the understanding of time as being endowed with moral qualities. The choice between a “timely” (shi 時) or “untimely” (bu shi 不時) course of action determines the success or failure of the person involved in it. The origins of the ideas of time that shape the historical narrative of Zuo zhuan can be traced to mantic literature of the same period, such as almanacs.Early Chinese writers of history—like diviners—strove to explain the past in order to predict the future. Seen in this light, “knowing history” implies understanding and mastering the mechanisms that drive it; and looking into the past is tantamount to “knowing” the future.

scholarly journals Elderly Fall Detection with an Accelerometer Using Lightweight Neural Networks

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaojing Wang ◽  
Qingquan Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yuanshi Zhang ◽  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Fall Detection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Different Types

Falls have been one of the main threats to people’s health, especially for the elderly. Detecting falls in time can prevent the long lying time, which is extremely fatal. This paper intends to show the efficacy of detecting falls using a wearable accelerometer. In the past decade, the fall detection problem has been extensively studied. However, since the hardware resources of wearable devices are limited, designing highly accurate embeddable models with feasible computational cost remains an open research problem. In this paper, different types of shallow and lightweight neural networks, including supervised and unsupervised models are explored to improve the fall detection results. Experiment results on a large open dataset show that the lightweight neural networks proposed have obtained much better results than machine learning methods used in previous work. Moreover, the storage and computation requirements of these lightweight models are only a few hundredths of deep neural networks in literature. In tested lightweight neural networks, the best one is proved to be the supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) that can achieve an accuracy beyond 99.9% with only 441 parameters. Its storage and computation requirements are only 1.2 KB and 0.008 MFLOPs, which make it more suitable to be implemented in wearable devices with restricted memory size and computation power.

scholarly journals SSHA Presidential Address: The Pathways to Disadvantage

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Frederick F. Wherry
Keyword(s):  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The Past ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Purposive Action

ABSTRACTMy presidential address identifies the pathways to disadvantage that complicate our understanding of purposive action. The article explains that (1) first, deception can deepen inequality; (2) disadvantages can emerge in midcourse, as new and unanticipated distributions of resources, sanctions, and opportunities unfold during the course of action; (3) the rules targeting one area of social life can disadvantage groups of people in other areas; and (4) disadvantaging policies can emerge through isomorphism (isomorphic disadvantage), sometimes by virtue of what other policy commissions across the globe are doing about the same social problem. Finally, (5) when there is an unlucky turn of events that leads to a deepening of disadvantage, its consequences depend on more than mere chance to make those disadvantages durable. My article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for reparations and repair. While these pathways may not be exhaustive, they systematize the sociological intuition that things are not as they appear. And although my discussion of repair is brief, it gestures toward the possibilities that the past offers for understanding the process and the rules of remedy.

Buddhist China at the Century's Turn

2003 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 428-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Birnbaum
Keyword(s):  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Significant Question ◽  
Current Practices

Based on fieldwork and studies of historical and contemporary materials, this article investigates several issues key to Buddhist life in the present-day PRC, focusing on Han Buddhists, especially the monastic tradition. It argues that many current practices take their shape from the innovations that transformed Chinese Buddhist life in the late Qing and Republican periods. While profound political, economic and social changes have occurred in the past few decades, some of the most pressing issues are extensions of questions raised at that time. The most significant question of the earlier period – what is the Buddhist monastic vocation, and what training and leadership are required to safeguard that ideal? – remains central to present-day activities and conceptions. To consider how to answer this question, or indeed how it is posed within present circumstances, three interconnected matters are investigated: current training methods, the economics of monasteries and the issue of leadership. In this context, Han–Tibetan interchange in the Buddhist field and the influence of overseas Chinese Buddhists on the mainland are also considered.

scholarly journals COMMENTS ON COE ET AL. (2019)–‘LOADING THE DICE IN FAVOUR OF THE FARMER . . .’

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUDETA W. SILESHI ◽  
FESTUS K. AKINNIFESI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Change Mitigation

SUMMARYIn the past two decades, a growing body of work on research stations and farmers' fields in Southern Africa has provided evidence that fertilizer trees can improve the productivity of land, increase crop yields and contribute towards climate change mitigation and adaptation. In a recent issue of Experimental Agriculture, Coeet al. (2019) published analysis of risks associated with adopting agroforestry in Malawi. The article contains several factual inaccuracies about agroforestry and misinterpretations of earlier work. Our aim in this correspondence is, therefore, to point out the key problems, seek clarification from Coe and co-workers, and stimulate wider scientific debate on the perceived risks of adopting agroforestry.

scholarly journals Open Data Policies among Library and Information Science Journals

Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Brian Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Public Data

Journal publishers play an important role in the open research data ecosystem. Through open data policies that include public data archiving mandates and data availability statements, journal publishers help promote transparency in research and wider access to a growing scholarly record. The library and information science (LIS) discipline has a unique relationship with both open data initiatives and academic publishing and may be well-positioned to adopt rigorous open data policies. This study examines the information provided on public-facing websites of LIS journals in order to describe the extent, and nature, of open data guidance provided to prospective authors. Open access journals in the discipline have disproportionately adopted detailed, strict open data policies. Commercial publishers, which account for the largest share of publishing in the discipline, have largely adopted weaker policies. Rigorous policies, adopted by a minority of journals, describe the rationale, application, and expectations for open research data, while most journals that provide guidance on the matter use hesitant and vague language. Recommendations are provided for strengthening journal open data policies.

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