The Relationship Between Perceived Assertiveness/Shyness and Emergent Bilinguals’ Vocabulary Intervention Outcomes: A Preliminary Investigation

2022 ◽  
pp. 152574012110671
Author(s):  
Jean F. Rivera Pérez ◽  
Nancy A. Creaghead ◽  
Karla Washington ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Lesley Raisor-Becker ◽  
...  

This preliminary study examined the relationship between clinicians’ perceptions (i.e., speech pathologists) of children’s scores on the Assertiveness scale of the Teacher-Child Rating Scale 2.1 and gains in naming and defining words following English-only or Spanish–English intervention for emergent bilinguals (EBs). Twenty-eight Spanish-speaking preschoolers were randomly assigned to participate in one of two vocabulary intervention groups: English-only ( n= 14) and Spanish-English with Spanish provided through a tablet computer ( n = 14). EBs were assessed in naming and definition before and after interventions. The clinicians provided perceptions of levels of assertiveness and shyness of both groups of EBs using the Assertiveness scale. A correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between the Assertiveness scale and English word naming and definition gains in both groups (English-only and Spanish–English) and Spanish gains in the Spanish–English group. Clinicians’ perceptions of shyness should be considered as a variable of interest that affects response to intervention.

Author(s):  
Yutaro Hirata ◽  
◽  
Yutaka Haramaki ◽  
Yasuyo Takano ◽  
◽  
...  

"There is an urgent need to support families of children with developmental disorders, especially when it is necessary for such families to help each other. However, practice and research related to support systems for families have begun only recently in Japan. Considering these issues, the authors developed a program to support mutual exchanges among parents of children with developmental disorders. This study aimed to verify the program’s effectiveness and to examine the relationship between participants’ program experience and its effectiveness. Participants included 21 male and female parents of children with developmental disorders. The parents were in their 30s to 50s (4 in their 30s, 14 in their 40s, and 3 in their 50s) (1 male, 20 females). Effectiveness indicators included the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult Short (POMS2-A Short) (before and after implementation), Session Impact Scale (SIS), and Mutual Exchange Support Experience Rating Scale. t-tests were conducted on the pre- and post-program results of the POMS2-A short. Results showed that scores on Anger-Hostility (t=4.77, df=20, p<.01, d=1.04), Confusion-Bewilderment (t=4.31, df=20, p<.01, d=.94), Depression-Dejection (t=2.88, df=20, p<.01, d=.63), Fatigue-Inertia (t=3.63, df=20, p<.01, d=.79), and Tension-Anxiety (t=3.61, df=20, p<.01, d=.79) in the POMS2-A Short decreased significantly after the implementation of the program. These results evidence the effectiveness of the program in improving several mood states, especially anger-hostility, tension-anxiety, depression-depression, and fatigue."


Author(s):  
Becky H. Huang

The chapter examined the English language and reading outcomes and the relationship between language and reading for two bilingual adolescent groups (Proficient Bilinguals and Emergent Bilinguals) and their English-only peers (n = 78 total). Participants completed a variety of English language assessments, and their scores from a standardized accountability reading assessment were collected from their teachers. Results from the study showed that Proficient Bilinguals performed comparably to their English-only peers in all language and reading measures, suggesting that simply being bilingual does not detract from adolescents' English language proficiency. Furthermore, the relationships between oral language and reading differed as a function of participants' English language proficiency. Oral language skills correlated with reading for both bilinguals and English-only adolescents, but the relationships were more robust for bilinguals than for English-only adolescents. Finally, the relationship between speech production and reading was significantly only for Emergent Bilinguals and not for Proficient Bilinguals.


1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Lindeman ◽  
N. Downey ◽  
M. C. Liu ◽  
W. C. Hubbard ◽  
A. Kagey-Sobotka ◽  
...  

To elucidate the mechanism of calcium chelator-induced airway constriction, we examined the relationship between prostanoids and histamine in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the magnitude of airway constriction in peripheral airways of anesthetized Basenji-Greyhound dogs. A wedged bronchoscope technique was used to measure collateral system resistance (Rcs) before and after aerosol challenges. Sublobar segments were challenged either with acetylcholine or with Na2EDTA in the presence or absence of meclofenamate sodium (3 mg/kg iv) or methylprednisolone (2 mg.kg-1.day-1). After measurements of Rcs, BAL was performed, and the fluid was analyzed for prostanoids with the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sublobar segments challenged with Na2EDTA showed increased concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) D2 but no increases in PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2, or histamine. There was a strong relationship (r = 0.84, P = 0.005) between changes in Rcs after Na2EDTA and concentrations of PGD2 in BAL fluid. Acetylcholine, which increased Rcs to a similar degree as Na2EDTA did, produced no significant increase in prostanoid concentrations. Changes in Rcs after Na2EDTA and concentrations of PGD2 were reduced in the presence of meclofenamate or methylprednisolone. These data support the idea that the mechanism of calcium chelator-induced bronchoconstriction involves the release of bronchoconstricting prostanoids.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1411-1431
Author(s):  
Becky H. Huang

The chapter examined the English language and reading outcomes and the relationship between language and reading for two bilingual adolescent groups (Proficient Bilinguals and Emergent Bilinguals) and their English-only peers (n = 78 total). Participants completed a variety of English language assessments, and their scores from a standardized accountability reading assessment were collected from their teachers. Results from the study showed that Proficient Bilinguals performed comparably to their English-only peers in all language and reading measures, suggesting that simply being bilingual does not detract from adolescents' English language proficiency. Furthermore, the relationships between oral language and reading differed as a function of participants' English language proficiency. Oral language skills correlated with reading for both bilinguals and English-only adolescents, but the relationships were more robust for bilinguals than for English-only adolescents. Finally, the relationship between speech production and reading was significantly only for Emergent Bilinguals and not for Proficient Bilinguals.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Sokoastri ◽  
Endriatmo Soetarto

Agrarian reform by leverage or commonly known as landreform by leverage is a peasant movements which <br />is organized by peasant initiative to defend their land. This movement could be associated with social welfare and negative excess like criminalization that frequently take place in Garongan village. There, most people involved in conflict because of their persistence to keep their land. There is a strong relationship between agrarian reform by leverage and peasant welfare. Land which is frequently referred as crucial donation of life has a vital value for human survival. The function of land is not only considered as human nee ds but  al so as i dent it y t hat  al ways  t ri ggers  any c onfl i ct  nowadays . So, it ’s not  st range if  thi s condi ti on causes any negative impacts of criminalization including psychological, physical or both psychological and physical effects for those who involved. At the end of this description, farmers who have been sovereign from agriculture will be interferred by iron sand mining company which is supported by feudal forces and private corporations. This research examine more deeply about the relationship between agrarian reform by leverage and social welfare, the impact of agrarian reform by leverage to the criminalization and the differences of level of social welfare before and after agrarian reform in Garongan village. <br />Keywords: agrarian reform by leverage, criminalization, social welfare.


Author(s):  
Ali Çoşkun ◽  
Ahmet Erkasap ◽  
Murat Aksit

In this study, 403 participants were asked questions to determine the preventive measures being taken and anxiety levels during COVID-19 Pandemic. Participants were almost equally divided between women (55%) and men (45%). The rate of most worried persons about the pandemic was 62%. The risk of anxiety of women compared to men has been calculated as 2.1 times higher (95% CI 1.20–3.84). The Cramer’s V value of the change in hand-washing habit before and after COVID-19 outbreak is 0.706, indicates the existence of a strong relationship. The data is analysed by using SPSS 24.0. ODDS Ratio values are calculated to determine the impact levels, and Cramer’s V value is calculated to determine the relationship in behavior change in hand-washings habits.


2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Peters-Sanders ◽  
Elizabeth S. Kelley ◽  
Christa Haring Biel ◽  
Keri Madsen ◽  
Xigrid Soto ◽  
...  

Purpose This study evaluated the effects of an automated, small-group intervention designed to teach preschoolers challenging vocabulary words. Previous studies have provided evidence of efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the program after doubling the number of words taught from 2 to 4 words per book. Method Seventeen preschool children listened to 1 prerecorded book per week for 9 weeks. Each storybook had embedded, interactive lessons for 4 target vocabulary words. Each lesson provided repeated exposures to words and their definitions, child-friendly contexts, and multiple opportunities for children to respond verbally to instructional prompts. Participants were asked to define the weekly targeted vocabulary before and after intervention. A repeated acquisition single-case design was used to examine the effects of the books and embedded lessons on learning of target vocabulary words. Results Treatment effects were observed for all children across many of the books. Learning of at least 2 points (i.e., 1 word) was replicated for 74.5% of 149 books tested across the 17 participants. On average, children learned to define 47% of the target vocabulary words (17 out of 36). Conclusions Results support including 4 challenging words per book, as children learned substantially more words when 4 words were taught, in comparison to previous studies. Within an iterative development process, results of the current study take us 1 step closer to creating an optimal vocabulary intervention that supports the language development of at-risk children.


2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moreau ◽  
Jérome Clerc ◽  
Annie Mansy-Dannay ◽  
Alain Guerrien

This experiment investigated the relationship between mental rotation and sport training. Undergraduate university students (n = 62) completed the Mental Rotation Test ( Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978 ), before and after a 10-month training in two different sports, which either involved extensive mental rotation ability (wrestling group) or did not (running group). Both groups showed comparable results in the pretest, but the wrestling group outperformed the running group in the posttest. As expected from previous studies, males outperformed women in the pretest and the posttest. Besides, self-reported data gathered after both sessions indicated an increase in adaptive strategies following training in wrestling, but not subsequent to training in running. These findings demonstrate the significant effect of training in particular sports on mental rotation performance, thus showing consistency with the notion of cognitive plasticity induced from motor training involving manipulation of spatial representations. They are discussed within an embodied cognition framework.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.


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