Optimization of electromagnetic shielding of three-dimensional orthogonal woven hybrid fabrics in ku band frequency region by response surface methodology

2022 ◽  
pp. 152808372110620
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Gaurav Saraswat ◽  
Samrat Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Himangshu B Baskey
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Filament Diameter ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Woven Structures ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven ◽  
Spacer Fabrics

Electromagnetic shielding (EMS) has become the necessity of the present era due to enormous expansion in electronic devices accountable to emit electromagnetic radiation. The principal target of this paper is to originate three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal fabrics with conductive hybrid weft yarn and to determine their electromagnetic shielding. DREF-III core-spun yarn using copper filament in the core and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber on the sheath and fabric constructed of such yarn has a promising electromagnetic shielding characteristic. Box–Behnken experimental design has been employed to prepare various samples to investigate the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of 3D orthogonal woven structures. The orthogonal fabric samples were tested in an electromagnetic Ku frequency band using free space measurement system (FSMS) to estimate absorbance, reflectance, transmittance, and electromagnetic shielding. The increase in copper core filament diameter and hybrid yarn linear density enhances the EMS of orthogonal fabric. Statistical analysis has been done to bring out the effect and interaction of various yarn and fabric variables on EMS. Metal filament diameter, orientation, sheath fibers percentage, and fabric constructional parameters significantly affected electromagnetic shielding efficiency. The inferences of this study can be applied in other 3D structures like angle interlock, spacer fabrics for curtains, and coverings for civilians and military applications.

Electromagnetic shielding performance of three-dimensional woven fabrics with copper-based hybrid yarn in X-band frequency range

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Nath Pandey ◽  
Arindam Basu ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Himangshu B Baskey
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Structural Configuration ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
X Band ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

This study involves a comprehensive evaluation of electromagnetic shielding characteristics of multilayer three-dimensional conductive fabrics by using cotton/copper wrapped hybrid yarn in X band frequency range. Five, three-dimensional fabrics with different structural configuration, such as orthogonal, angle interlock, cellular spacer, multi-tubular spacer, and contour were produced. Three different series of all five structures was also developed using pure cotton fabric, conductive hybrid yarn in weft and one-third hybrid yarn and two-third cotton yarn in warp Also, the effect of vertical and horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was studied. The comparative analysis of reflectance transmittance and absorption behavior was also undertaken. The results indicate that pure cotton fabric (A series) does not have electromagnetic shielding capabilities. The difference between the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values in vertical and horizontal planes of fabrics, having conductive hybrid yarn in weft direction (B series), showed significantly better results on the vertical plane in comparison to that on the horizontal plane. Fabric containing conductive hybrid yarn in both warp and weft (C series) exhibits consistent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in both the planes. It is worth mentioning that the structural configuration in all five three-dimensional fabrics in B and C series has shown differential trends of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in terms of reflectance, transmittance and absorption behavior. They are also found to be statistically significant. Finally, it is concluded that the conductive 3-D multilayer system develops special protective capabilities, mostly due to its larger surface area.

Electromagnetic shielding performance of copper and silver-plated hybrid yarn based multilayer fabrics in C & X band frequency range

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372199936
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Nath Pandey ◽  
Arindam Basu ◽  
Pramod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Wave Polarization ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
X Band ◽  
Layer Composition

In the present study, a strategic designing of multilayer shield was planned to enhance the multiple reflection phenomenon to achieve maximum absorption properties in microwave frequency (C & X band) range. Multi-layer EMR shields were developed using pure cotton fabric and conductive woven fabrics, incorporated with copper- based & silver-plated hybrid yarn. First of all, single layer fabrics were produced in five variants, nomenclature as L1A (pure cotton) L1B, L1C (copper-based hybrid yarn), LS1B and LS1C (silver plated hybrid yarn). These five variants were used to prepare four sets of double & triple layer fabric. In both double and triple layer composition, L1A fabric (pure cotton) was used as top layer followed by B and C series fabrics, containing copper and silver-plated hybrid yarn. The EMSE performance in C and X band frequency range of single layer, double layer and triple layers in terms of scattering parameters S11(reflectance) & S21 (transmittance) in vertical and horizontal wave polarization was studied. It was found that number of layers, layer composition, orientation of metallic yarn, frequency and EM wave polarization have significant influence on overall electromagnetic shielding effectiveness.

Development of composites, reinforced by novel 3D woven orthogonal fabrics with enhanced auxeticity

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad I Khan ◽  
Jehanzeb Akram ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Syed TA Hamdani ◽  
Khubab Shaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Composite Fabrication ◽  
Auxetic Materials ◽  
Woven Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven ◽  
The Impact

Auxetic materials are under great attention of researchers due to their excellent mechanical response under certain conditions. Previous works have been carried out in knitted or uni-stretch woven fabrics. In the present study, three-dimensional (3D) woven structures were produced and the effect of float length of ground weave and binding yarn on auxeticity of the fabric was investigated. Eight different 3D orthogonal woven structures/reinforcements were produced on rapier dobby loom by changing the float length in ground weave and binding yarns. Hand layup technique was used for composite fabrication, while green epoxy resin was used as a matrix. For investigating the auxeticity, 3D reinforcement samples were subjected to tensile loading and change in their thickness was measured. The results showed that 3D woven reinforcements with equal and maximum float length of ground weave and binding yarn showed greater auxetic behavior, because both weaves support each other and room for opening of structure increases. As the difference between the float length of ground weave and binding yarns increases, the auxeticity of reinforcement decreases because the ground weave and binding yarn cancel out the effect of each other. Moreover, the impact energy absorption of the developed composites was found to increase with the increase in float length, justifying that the structures are auxetic in nature.

scholarly journals Thermo-physiological properties of woven structures in wet state

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (04) ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
BOUGHATTAS AMAL ◽  
BENLTOUFA SOFIEN ◽  
HES LUBOS ◽  
AZEEM MUSADDAQ ◽  
FAYALA FATEN
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Woven Structures ◽  
Woven Structure

The utmost parameters that measure the thermo-physiological comfort of garments are thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity and water vapor permeability. In this paper, thermo-physiological comfort was studied with different weave design and moisture content. Thermal properties and water vapor permeability in dry and wet state of all fabric samples were determined by ALAMBETA and Permetest respectively. Results showed that the weaving structure and yarn composition in weft were closely related to the thermal properties and water vapor permeability in presence of moisture. Woven fabric samples were constructed by varying the weave design and weft composition. In wet state, moisture content up to 20%, weave structures exhibited non-significant behavior for thermal properties due to air fraction. As the moisture content enhanced, woven structure made with polyester weft yarn provided cooler feeling with skin contact.

scholarly journals Knitting Technologies And Tensile Properties Of A Novel Curved Flat-Knitted Three-Dimensional Spacer Fabrics

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Gaoming Jiang ◽  
Xiaolin Nie ◽  
Pibo Ma ◽  
Zhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Weft Direction ◽  
Aramid Fibres ◽  
Spacer Fabric ◽  
Fabric Deformation ◽  
Spacer Fabrics

AbstractThis paper introduces a knitting technique for making innovative curved three-dimensional (3D) spacer fabrics by the computer flat-knitting machine. During manufacturing, a number of reinforcement yarns made of aramid fibres are inserted into 3D spacer fabrics along the weft direction to enhance the fabric tensile properties. Curved, flat-knitted 3D spacer fabrics with different angles (in the warp direction) were also developed. Tensile tests were carried out in the weft and warp directions for the two spacer fabrics (with and without reinforcement yarns), and their stress–strain curves were compared. The results showed that the reinforcement yarns can reduce the fabric deformation and improve tensile stress and dimensional stability of 3D spacer fabrics. This research can help the further study of 3D spacer fabric when applied to composites.

The effects of the structural parameters of three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics with silver-based hybrid yarns on electromagnetic shielding behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1354-1371
Author(s):  
Marzieh Javadi Toghchi ◽  
Carmen Loghin ◽  
Irina Cristian ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
Pascal Bruniaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Multifilament Yarns

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of a set of five variants of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics containing silver multifilament yarns arranged in a 3D orthogonal grid. The EMSE enlargement as a factor of increasing the quantity of the conductive material per unit area was investigated. The quantity of the conductive material per unit area in a 3D woven fabric can be enlarged by increasing either the yarn undulation or the number of conductive yarn systems, while the yarn density and yarn fineness are fixed. Thus, the binding depth of the conductive warp was gradually increased for the first four variants in order to increase the yarn undulation. Alternatively, the conductive weft system was doubled for the last variant with the aim of increasing the quantity of the conductive component. It should be noted that changing the weave structure requires less effort and energy while keeping the same threading of warps in the reed compared to altering the warp density. The EMSE was measured in an anechoic chamber and the shielding was satisfactory for all the variants in the frequency range of 1–6 GHz (19–44 dB). The results revealed that increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to increasing of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the variants. Moreover, no upward EMSE was detected for the last variant, despite the fact that the conductive weft system was doubled.

Cushioning properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (14) ◽  
pp. 1628-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Hairu Long ◽  
Tianqi Yang ◽  
Yanping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Absorption Energy ◽  
Yarn Diameter ◽  
Spacer Fabrics ◽  
Compression Resistance

Three-dimensional spacer fabrics which have a sandwich structure are formed in a single knitting process without any additional joining treatment. They consist of two separate multifilament outer layers connected by arrays of spacer monofilaments. This paper presents an experimental study on the relationships between the cushioning properties and structural parameters of weft-knitted spacer fabrics in order to lay a foundation for the development of seamless shaped impact protectors for human body impact protection. Sixteen spacer fabrics of different structural parameters were knitted on a computerized flat knitting machine and tested on a universal mechanical testing machine. The cushioning properties of the spacer fabrics were analyzed in terms of their structural features, compression stress–strain curves, energy absorption, and compression resilience. It was found that multifilament fineness, spacer yarn diameter, and spacer yarn pattern should be matching in order to form effective binding structures between the outer layers and spacer monofilaments. The results also showed that spacer fabrics knitted with a shorter spacer yarn span distance, coarser monofilaments, and higher spacer yarn density have better compression resistance and absorption energy but inferior compression resilience if their binding structures are effective. This study has practical significance in promoting the application of this type of fabric as a cushion material for human body protection.

Three-dimensional CNT lamellae reinforced SiC for enhanced mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 25008-25016
Author(s):  
Hui Mei ◽  
Yuntian Fan ◽  
Yuekai Yan ◽  
Daoyang Han ◽  
Laifei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Shielding Properties
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