scholarly journals Paternal Perinatal Depression Assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Gotland Male Depression Scale: Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Carlberg ◽  
Maigun Edhborg ◽  
Lene Lindberg

Several studies have used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), developed to screen new mothers, also for new fathers. This study aimed to further contribute to this knowledge by comparing assessment of possible depression in fathers and associated demographic factors by the EPDS and the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS), developed for “male” depression screening. The study compared EPDS score ≥10 and ≥12, corresponding to minor and major depression, respectively, in relation to GMDS score ≥13. At 3–6 months after child birth, a questionnaire was sent to 8,011 fathers of whom 3,656 (46%) responded. The detection of possibly depressed fathers by EPDS was 8.1% at score ≥12, comparable to the 8.6% detected by the GMDS. At score ≥10, the proportion detected by EPDS increased to 13.3%. Associations with possible risk factors were analyzed for fathers detected by one or both scales. A low income was associated with depression in all groups. Fathers detected by EPDS alone were at higher risk if they had three or more children, or lower education. Fathers detected by EPDS alone at score ≥10, or by both scales at EPDS score ≥12, more often were born in a foreign country. Seemingly, the EPDS and the GMDS are associated with different demographic risk factors. The EPDS score appears critical since 5% of possibly depressed fathers are excluded at EPDS cutoff 12. These results suggest that neither scale alone is sufficient for depression screening in new fathers, and that the decision of EPDS cutoff is crucial.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmina Lorenzana Santiago ◽  
Maria Antonia Esteban Habana

Abstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in 10-15% of deliveries worldwide. Unfortunately there is a dearth of local studies on its exact prevalence. Method This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for PPD among postpartum patients at a tertiary government hospital using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Filipino Translation (EPDS-F), a 10-point questionnaire translated into Filipino and previously validated. Four hundred patients within 8 weeks postpartum were recruited and their EPDS-F scores and sociodemographic, medical and personal history, and delivery and perinatal outcome data were obtained. Results The overall prevalence of PPD was 14.5%, which is within the known worldwide prevalence. Among those that had family incomes below PhP10,000, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 68.8%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 48.8% (significant at p=0.001). Among those that finished below tertiary education, the proportion that had high EPDS-F scores was 81%, while those that had low EPDS-F scores was 59.9% (significant at p=0.002). Among those who delivered vaginally, 62.1% had high EPDS-F scores vs 44.2% low EPDS-F (p=0.03). Of those that had epidural anesthesia (106 or 26.5%), 44.8% had high EPDS scores and 26.0% had low EPDS-F scores (p=0.04). Regression analysis showed that having an abdominal delivery is correlated with a lower EPDS-F score by 0.87% by logistic regression and 0.46 % by probit regression. Having a higher educational attainment and monthly income are associated with a lower EPDS-F score by regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence may be skewed because a tertiary government institution caters to delicate pregnancies and those in low socioeconomic brackets. It may be worthwhile to compare responses from a public versus a private institution, also urban versus rural areas. It would be interesting also to evaluate the mode of delivery variable and how exactly it correlates with the development of postpartum depression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guus Berkelmans ◽  
Rob van der Mei ◽  
Sandjai Bhulai ◽  
Renske Gilissen

Abstract Background Suicide is a complex issue. Due to the relative rarity of the event, studies into risk factors are regularly limited by sample size or biased samples. The aims of the study were to find risk factors for suicide that are robust to intercorrelation, and which were based on a large and unbiased sample. Methods Using a training set of 5854 suicides and 596,416 control cases, we fit a logistic regression model and then evaluate the performance on a test set of 1425 suicides and 594,893 control cases. The data used was micro-data of Statistics Netherlands (CBS) with data on each inhabitant of the Netherlands. Results Taking the effect of possible correlating risk factors into account, those with a higher risk for suicide are men, middle-aged people, people with low income, those living alone, the unemployed, and those with mental or physical health problems. People with a lower risk are the highly educated, those with a non-western immigration background, and those living with a partner. Conclusion We confirmed previously known risk factors such as male gender, middle-age, and low income and found that they are risk factors that are robust to intercorrelation. We found that debt and urbanicity were mostly insignificant and found that the regional differences found in raw frequencies are mostly explained away after correction of correlating risk factors, indicating that these differences were primarily caused due to the differences in the demographic makeup of the regions. We found an AUC of 0.77, which is high for a model predicting suicide death and comparable to the performance of deep learning models but with the benefit of remaining explainable.


2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Marcia Penido Machado ◽  
Livia Lima Bastos ◽  
Livia Barbosa Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Santos ◽  
...  

Background: Low milk supply is frequently reported as a reason for exclusive breastfeeding cessation. Research aims: To determine the occurrence of, and the risk factors associated with, delayed onset of lactogenesis II among primiparas seen at a Baby-Friendly Hospital in Brazil. Method: We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study of 224 primiparas who had a singleton delivery. Data were first collected at the hospital. We assessed the onset of lactogenesis on day four postpartum, based on maternal reports of changes in breast fullness. Breastfeeding practices and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were evaluated on day seven postpartum. Using Poisson regression, we assessed significant factors associated with delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Results: Delayed lactogenesis II occurred in 18.8% ( n = 42) of participants and was significantly associated with alcohol drinking during pregnancy (IRR = 2.710, 95% CI [1.469, 4.996]); Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ≥ 10 (IRR = 2.092, 95% CI [1.118, 3.916]), and the age of the mother (IRR: 1.081, 95% CI [1.039, 1.125]). Conclusion: Postpartum depression and alcohol ingestion during pregnancy may be associated with lactogenesis II delay, but more research is needed to elucidate the directionality of these relationships. Older mothers are at risk of delayed lactogenesis II onset. The frequency of delayed lactogenesis in this population is similar to the rates seen in previous Latin America studies and much lower than the ranges seen in North America, possibly because of the low proportion of obesity and severe gestational diabetes in this sample.


2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gausia ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
J. Oosthuizen

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that the prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) is highest in low-income developing countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PND and its associated risk factors among Bangladeshi women.MethodThe study was conducted in the Matlab subdistrict of rural Bangladesh. A cohort of 346 women was followed up from late pregnancy to post-partum. Sociodemographic and other related information on risk factors was collected on structured questionnaires by trained interviewers at 34–35 weeks of pregnancy at the woman's home. A validated local language (Bangla) version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS-B) was used to measure depression status at 34–35 weeks of pregnancy and at 6–8 weeks after delivery.ResultsThe prevalence of PND was 22% [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.7–26.7%] at 6–8 weeks post-partum. After adjustment in a multivariate logistic model, PND could be predicted by history of past mental illness [odds ratio (OR) 5.6, 95% CI 1.1–27.3], depression in current pregnancy (OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.0–12.0), perinatal death (OR 14.1, 95% CI 2.5–78.0), poor relationship with mother-in-law (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.1–11.8) and either the husband or the wife leaving home after a domestic quarrel (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6–10.2).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of PND in the study was similar to other countries in the South Asian region. The study findings highlight the need for programme managers and policy makers to allocate resources and develop strategies to address PND in Bangladesh.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Esperanza Manso-Martínez ◽  
Laura Esteban-Gonzalo ◽  
Beatriz Marazuela-López ◽  
Alfonso García-Luengo ◽  
Arantzazu de-la-Torre-Gallego ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Depression during pregnancy is a prevalent problem with significant potential health effects on women and children. The most widely used screening instrument is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Two validations of the EDPS in Spanish have been published. Given the differences in cut-off point, sensibility and specificity among the Spanish EPDS validations, the aim of this study is to provide further information regarding the topic through a validation of the EPDS is Spain with a different sample.Methods Cross-sectional study. 194 women being followed up for normal pregnancy in Primary Healthcare in Spain completed the EPDS and had a semi-structured interview with a clinical psychologist using the DSM-5 manual criteria for diagnosing depression. The ROC curve was calculated to determine the optimal cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity.Results The age range of the participating pregnant women was from 18 to 42 years of age. The optimal cut-off point is 11/12, with a sensitivity of 93.33% and a specificity of 91.62%. The ROC curve has an area of 0.936. Discussion The cut-off point is slightly lower than that of the Spanish version validated in Chile. Likewise, compared to the version validated in Spain, the cut-off point is slightly higher. In our research, sensitivity is notably higher, and specificity slightly lower than in the Spanish version validated in Chile. Compared with the Spanish version validated in Spain, sensibility and specificity were notably higher in our research.Conclusions Given the differences in cut-off point, sensibility and specificity, we propose to continue searching for an optimal cut-off point in the Spanish version of the EPDS. In our opinion, further research is necessary in order to use the EPDS for antenatal depression screening in Spain. A multicentric study including pregnant women from all over the country would be suitable.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Clara Winter ◽  
Juliane Junge-Hoffmeister ◽  
Antje Bittner ◽  
Irene Gerstner ◽  
Kerstin Weidner

The choice of birthplace may have an important impact on a woman’s health. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the psychopathological risk factors that drive women’s choice of birthplace, since their influence is currently not well understood. The research was conducted in 2011/12 and we analyzed data of 177 women (obstetric unit, n = 121; free standing midwifery unit, n = 42; homebirth, n = 14). We focused antepartally (M  = 34.3 ± 3.3) on sociodemographic and risk factors of psychopathology, such as prenatal distress (Prenatal Distress Questionnaire), depressiveness (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), birth anxiety (Birth Anxiety Scale), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), and postpartally (M = 6.65 ± 2.6) on birth experience (Salmon’s Item List), as well as psychological adaption, such as postpartum depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and birth anxiety felt during birth (modified Birth Anxiety Scale). Women with fear of childbirth and the beginning of birth were likely to plan a hospital birth. In contrast, women with fear of touching and palpation by doctors and midwives, as well as women with childhood trauma, were more likely to plan an out-of-hospital birth. Furthermore, women with planned out-of-hospital births experienced a greater relief of their birth anxiety during the birth process than women with planned hospital birth. Our results especially show that women with previous mental illnesses, as well as traumatic experiences, seem to have special needs during childbirth, such as a safe environment and supportive care.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-469
Author(s):  
Winda Ayu Fazraningtyas

LATAR BELAKANG Perempuan mengalami perubahan peran pada ibu hamil mulai dari status masih sendiri menjadi menikah dan kemudian menjadi seorang ibu. Selain itu, kesehatan mental merupakan hal yang penting untuk diketahui dan dimonitor, tetapi sering dilupakan dalam kesehatan reproduksi.TUJUAN Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dan menganalisis hubungan faktor sosiodemografik dengan depresi postpartum.METODE Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survey deskriptif. Sebanyak 88 responden terlibat dalam penelitian ini yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ulin Banjarmasin dan Rumah Sakit Daerah Dr. H.M. Anshari Saleh Banjarmasin. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Postpartum Depression Risk Factors (PPDRF).HASIL Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat depresi dengan usia ibu, suku, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan tertinggi, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan.KESIMPULAN Memiliki seorang anak dipertimbangkan sebagai sesuatu yang alamiah dan hal yang membahagiakan. Namun, masa transisi yang dialami oleh seorang perempuan menggambarkan kejadian yang penting dalam hidup dan meningkatkan kemungkinan untuk mengalami masalah psikologis. Kata Kunci: faktor sosiodemografik, depresi postpartum


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