BAX gene (−248 G > A) polymorphism in a sample of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer in the Federal District, Brazil

Introduction Papillary thyroid cancer corresponds to approximately 1% of all carcinomas; nevertheless, it is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasm in the world. Studies reveal that the BAX (−248 G > A) polymorphism may be associated with negative regulation of BAX gene transcription activity, causing a decrease in its protein expression. Objective The present study aimed to describe the genotype and allele frequencies of BAX single nucleotide polymorphisms (−248 G > A) (rs4645878) in the research patients, and to associate its presence with susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer. Methods This case-control study was conducted with 30 patients with papillary thyroid cancer. For the evaluation of genetic polymorphisms, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was employed. Allele and genotype frequencies were estimated using the SPSS program, and significant associations were considered when p < 0.05. Results There was a significant genotypic difference between papillary thyroid cancer and the control group (p = 0.042). The GG genotype provided a protective factor for papillary thyroid cancer (p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) = 0.313; confidence interval (CI) = 0.123–0.794). Likewise the G allele was a protective factor for papillary thyroid cancer (p = 0.009; OR = 0.360; CI = 0.163–0.793). The BAX gene polymorphism (−248 G > A) was associated with papillary thyroid cancer. Conclusion BAX (−248 G > A) GG genotype carriers, or at least one mutated allele, was associated with papillary thyroid cancer in the Brazilian population studied, and the G allele presence is considered a protective factor against papillary thyroid cancer occurrence.

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The impact of NOS3 gene polymorphism on papillary thyroid cancer susceptibility in patients undergoing radioiodine therapy

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/1724600820961787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 87-91

Author(s):

Adara Rodrigues Damasceno Cerqueira ◽

Caroline Ferreira Fratelli ◽

Ligia Canongia de Abreu Cardoso Duarte ◽

Alexandre Sampaio Rodrigues Pereira ◽

Rafael Martins de Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Genotypic Difference ◽

Future Research ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Nos3 Gene ◽

The Impact ◽

Intron 4

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer in the world. Noting that the NOS3 gene polymorphism interferes with nitric oxide production, this study aims to identify and analyze the NOS3 gene polymorphism in the intron 4 region in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. A case-control study was conducted with 31 papillary thyroid cancer patients of both genders who underwent thyroidectomy and treatment with sodium iodide radiopharmaceutical (131I) compared with 81 control patients. Through papillary thyroid cancer, the results were observed, compiled, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Genotypic frequencies of healthy subjects were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P = 0.503). There was a significant genotypic difference between papillary thyroid cancer and healthy individuals ( P <0.001). The BB genotype conferred a protective factor for papillary thyroid cancer ( P <0.001, odds ratio (OR) 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06, 0.42), while the presence of the A allele appears to be a risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer ( P <0.001, OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.86, 6.73). The intron 4 polymorphism of the NOS3 gene was associated with susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer. Thus, future research into the effects of this polymorphism is essential.

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Low urinary iodine is a protective factor of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: a cross-sectional study

World Journal of Surgical Oncology ◽

10.1186/s12957-021-02302-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ziyang Zeng ◽

Kang Li ◽

Xianze Wang ◽

Siwen Ouyang ◽

Zimu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Central Lymph Node ◽

High Iodine ◽

Central Lymph

Abstract Background An abrupt increase of thyroid cancer has been witnessed paralleling the supplemented iodine intake in formerly iodine-deficient countries. And increased iodine intake has been linked to the rising incidence rate of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the correlation between iodine and clinicopathological features of PTC has not been well-characterized. This study aimed to investigate the associations between iodine intake and the clinicopathological features of PTC patients. Methods Three hundred and fifty-nine PTC patients who received surgical treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2015 to November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The associations between urinary iodine (UI), urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/U-Cr), and the clinicopathological features of PTC were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between UI level and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Results There were no significant differences in UI in different groups according to the variables studied, except that patients with CLNM had higher UI level than CLNM(−) patients. No associations were found between UI/U-Cr and clinicopathological features except variant subtypes (classic/follicular). After dividing patients into high-iodine group and low-iodine group, more patients were found to have CLNM in the high-iodine group (p = 0.02). In addition, younger age, larger tumor size, and classic variant were positively correlated with CLNM (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that insufficient iodine intake (≤ 99 μg/L) was associated with decreased CLNM risk in PTC. And after defining insufficient iodine intake as ≤ 109 μg/L and above requirements as ≥ 190 μg/L, multivariate analysis showed that lower iodine was associated with CLNM in total population of PTC (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.91) and in PTC < 1 cm (papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, PTMC) (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.87). Conclusions Low iodine was a protective factor for CLNM in papillary thyroid cancer, particularly in those < 1 cm. These results indicated that iodine may not only be an initiator of tumorigenesis, but also a promoter of the development of PTC.

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Elevated Concentrations of SERPINE2/Protease Nexin-1 and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor in the Serum of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2017/4962137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tomasz Stępień ◽

Mateusz Brożyna ◽

Krzysztof Kuzdak ◽

Ewelina Motylewska ◽

Jan Komorowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Protease Inhibitor ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Preoperative Diagnosis ◽

Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Protease Nexin

Introduction. SERPINE2 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) are proteins with anticoagulant properties which could promote solid tumor growth. However, their role in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer has not been determined. Materials and Methods. The aim of this study was to assess serum SERPINE2 and SLPI concentrations in a group of 36 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and a group of 19 subjects with multinodular nontoxic goiter (MNG). The control group (CG) consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected one day before surgery. Serum SERPINE2 and SLPI concentrations were measured using specific ELISA methods. Results. Significantly higher concentrations of SERPINE2 and SLPI were found in patients with PTC as compared with MNG and controls. Positive correlation was found between SERPINE2 and SLPI concentrations in PTC patients. The levels of SERPINE2 and SLPI did not differ significantly between MNG and healthy controls. Conclusions. Our results indicate that SERPINE2 and SLPI play a significant role in the development of papillary thyroid cancer and imply that the evaluation of serum concentrations of both anticoagulant molecules may be considered as additional marker for the differentiation of malignancies during the preoperative diagnosis of patients with thyroid gland tumors.

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Fas gene are associated with papillary thyroid cancer

Auris Nasus Larynx ◽

10.1016/j.anl.2015.02.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 326-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Young Gyu Eun ◽

Young Chan Lee ◽

Su Kang Kim ◽

Joo-Ho Chung ◽

Kee Hwan Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Single Nucleotide

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Molecular genetic factors in the development of papillary thyroid cancer in the Kazakh population

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl8691 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mayra Zhaksimanovna Espenbetova ◽

Natalya Egorovna Glushkova ◽

Ainur Serikovna Krykpayeva

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Effective Means ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Control Group ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Similar Work ◽

Kazakh Population ◽

Control Study

Introduction. In the last decade several population studies on the association of the genes NKX2-1 and FOXE1 with sporadic papillary thyroid cancer were conducted. In the Kazakh population of similar work to date were not conducted. The aim of this study was to study the genetic association of the FOXE1 (rs9655313) and NKX2-1 (rs944289) oncomarkers with papillary thyroid cancer in the Kazakh population. Materials and methods. We conducted a case-control study that allows us to retrospectively evaluate the association of NKX2-1 and FOXE1 genes and papillary thyroid cancer. Results. The frequency distribution of FOXE1 rs965513 polymorphism in the group of papillary thyroid cancer and the control group detected by healthy individuals was significantly different (χ2 = 100.09, D.f. = 2, p = 0.000). In the group of cases, the AA genotype (17.5%) was in three times more often compared with the control group (5.1%). The GG variant had a lower frequency in the group of persons of papillary thyroid cancer (37.9%) against the control group (61.4%), the odds ratio (OR) in the FOXE1 rs965513 group was 2.367. The distribution of the NKX2-1 (rs944289) polymorphism frequencies in the compared groups of values were significantly different (χ2 = 100.09, D.f. = 2, p = 0.000). In the group of cases, the genotype of TT (30.5%) against the control group (20.7%) was 1.5 times more common. The SS variant had a lower frequency of occurrence in the group of persons of papillary thyroid cancer (19.8%) against the control group (28.9%), OR in NKX2-1 (rs944289) group was 1.46. Conclusion. Carrying out screening for carriers of FOXE1 rs965513 and NKX2-1 (rs944289) can become an effective means of early diagnosis with a high frequency of its spread and associations with cases of papillary thyroid cancer in the Kazakh population.

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INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS IN THE SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202108126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 1925-1930

Author(s):

Nataliia S. Pidchenko ◽

Mykola V. Krasnoselskyi ◽

Nataliia A. Mitriaieva ◽

Lidiya V. Grebenik ◽

Olha M. Astapieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factors

The aim is to study the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) in the blood serum of patients with papillary thyroid cancer, depending on the main clinical and morphological features of the disease. Materials and methods: The material was the information about 60 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (group 1). In group 2 there were 10 patients without oncopathology. All patients underwent clinical examination after total thyroidectomy before special treatment (radioiodine therapy): ultrasound diagnosis of the neck, confirmed diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer by morphological examination of operative material. All patients underwent anthropometric studies (height, weight), on the basis of which the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The study program also included determination of the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland (TSH), thyroglobulin (TG), antibodies to thyroglobulin (AB-TG). It was also determined the serum glucose level. In order to assess insulin resistance, the HOMA-IR index was calculated. All patients were tested for serum IGF-1 and IGF-2. Results: In the blood serum of patients with papillary thyroid cancer in 63% of patients the level of IGF-1 and in 85% – IGF-2 was probably higher than in the control group. There is a relationship between the level of IGF-1, IGF-2 and elevated level of proliferating factor – insulin in the serum of patients with papillary thyroid cancer. This may indicate an aggressive potential of the disease (i.e. clinical data on the prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer coincide with laboratory data). There was found a relationship between the expression of IGF-1, IGF-2 and insulin: at elevated levels of insulin> 24.9 μIU/ml, IGF-1 increases 4.2 times, and IGF-2 – 2.5 times. Evaluation of the relationship between the level of IGF-1 and IGF-2 and cervical lymph node involvement shows that in the absence of lesion (N0) there is an increase in these indicators by 2.2 and 1.8 times, respectively. Conclusions: The signaling system of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. It is especially true for papillary thyroid cancer, so its components can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers of the disease and targets for anticancer therapy.

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Leptin: A Correlated Peptide to Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Journal of Thyroid Research ◽

10.4061/2011/832163 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mehdi Hedayati ◽

Parichehr Yaghmaei ◽

Zahra Pooyamanesh ◽

Marjan Zarif Yeganeh ◽

Laleh Hoghooghi Rad

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Peptide Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Serum Thyroxine ◽

Cancer Group ◽

Specific Tumor ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction. Leptin as an adipose-tissue-related peptide hormone contributes to the control of food intake, energy expenditure, and other activities such as cell proliferation. Therefore, association of leptin level with thyroid cancer has been suggested recently. Considering that thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, the aim of this study was evaluation of leptin levels in thyroid cancer.Materials and Methods. 83 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (35 males and 48 females) with 90 healthy persons as control group (40 male and 50 females) were selected. serum thyroxine, thyrotropin, and leptin levels were determined in both groups. As a body fat tissue affects leptin level, so height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated too.Results. There was no statistically significant difference in age, serum Thyroxine, and Thyrotropin levels. BMI in women was more than in men in both groups. Serum leptin levels in thyroid cancer group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).Conclusion. The results of this study showed an acceptable association between the hormone Leptin levels with papillary thyroid cancer, so it may be considerad as a correlated peptide which may help in the diagnosis or confirmation of thyroid cancer beside in other specific tumor markers.

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Platelet Activation and Inflammation in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11111959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1959

Author(s):

Sorina Martin ◽

Theodor Mustata ◽

Oana Enache ◽

Oana Ion ◽

Andreea Chifulescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Platelet Indices ◽

Benign Thyroid Disorders ◽

Benign Thyroid

Background: The primary endpoint was to analyze the preoperatory inflammatory markers and platelet indices in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients compared with patients with benign thyroid pathology. The secondary endpoints were to analyze the relationship between these markers and the pathological features of PTC and to compare their pre- and postoperative levels in PTC patients. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we analyzed the files of 1183 patients submitted to thyroidectomy between January 2012 and December 2018. A total of 234 patients with PTC (mean age 51.54 ± 13.10 years, 84.6% females) were compared with an age-, gender- and BMI-matched control group of 108 patients with histologic benign thyroid disorders. Results: PTC patients had higher platelet count (PLT) (p = 0.011), plateletcrit (PCT) (p = 0.006), neutrophil (p = 0.022) and fibrinogen (p = 0.005) levels. Subgroup analysis showed that PTC females had higher PLT (p = 0.006), PCT (p < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p = 0.005), while males had higher neutrophil (p = 0.040) levels. Papillary thyroid cancer patients under 55 years had higher PLT (p < 0.001) and PCT (p = 0.010), while patients over 55 years had higher mean platelet volume (p = 0.032), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.013), ESR (p = 0.005) and fibrinogen (p = 0.019) levels. Preoperative values for platelet indices and inflammatory markers were similar to the postoperative determinations in PTC patients. Fibrinogen (AUROC = 0.602, p = 0.02; cut-off = 327.5 mg/dL, Se = 53.8%, Sp = 62.9%) and PLT (AUROC = 0.584, p = 0.012; cut-off = 223.5 × 103/mm3, Se = 73.1%, Sp = 42.6%) were independent predictors of the presence of PTC. Conclusions: Our data show that fibrinogen and platelet count could be promising, inexpensive, independent predictors for the presence of PTC when compared with benign thyroid disorders.

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Potential Role of Carbon Nanoparticles in Guiding Central Neck Dissection and Protecting Parathyroid Glands in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413714666180820125745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 254-259

Author(s):

Zhiliang Xu ◽

Zhiyu Li ◽

Qi Wu ◽

Yimin Zhang ◽

Shan Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lymph Node Dissection ◽

Parathyroid Glands ◽

Control Group ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Node Dissection

Background: Carbon nanoparticle (CN) suspensions have been widely used as lymph node tracers in cancers. Here, CN suspension was successfully applied to lymph node dissection. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of CN suspension in identifying lymph nodes and preserving the parathyroid in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Method: A total of 96 PTC patients were divided into a CN group (n = 46) and a control group (n = 50). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection from 2014 to 2015. Results: The number of lymph nodes removed in the CN group and the control group was 9.6±2.4 and 7.8±2.2, respectively, and the number of dissected lymph nodes identified as <5 mm in both groups was 4.4±1.3 and 2.4±1.4, respectively. These results were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). However, the number of metastatic lymph nodes was similar in the two groups. In addition, the results further revealed that the level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was significantly lower in the control group than in the CN group on postoperative day 1 and week 1 (P < 0.05), but similar outcomes were observed at postoperative month 1. Conclusion: CN suspension plays an important role in accurately identifying lymph nodes and protecting parathyroid glands. The clinical utilization of CN suspension could increase the accuracy of surgery programs and protect parathyroid function.

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RET Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer from Patients Irradiated in Childhood for Benign Conditions

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.87.8.8748 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (8) ◽

pp. 3941-3946 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

B. J. Collins ◽

G. Chiappetta ◽

A. B. Schneider ◽

M. Santoro ◽

F. Pentimalli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Internal Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Age At Surgery

Both external and internal exposure to radiation have been linked to the development of papillary thyroid cancer. Rearrangement of the gene for RET tyrosine kinase and subsequent expression of this protein has also been found to occur in many papillary thyroid cancers, and with increased frequency in radiation-related cancers following the Chernobyl accident. However, little has been reported on the frequency of RET rearrangements in cancers after exposure to external radiation. We here report on RET protein immunoreactivity in paraffin-embedded thyroid samples from 30 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who received radiation treatment during childhood for benign conditions at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, and in 34 patients identified from the tumor registry as having papillary thyroid cancer with no history of therapeutic radiation. The subjects were characterized by sex, age at surgery, and the following attributes of tumor pathology: size, number of lobes involved, number of foci, lymph node metastases, and soft tissue invasion. Representative tissue samples were reacted with an antibody against the RET tyrosine kinase domain whose expression has been shown to correlate highly with RET/PTC rearrangements. A greater percentage of cancers positive for RET immunoreactivity was found in the radiation-exposed group (86.7% vs. 52.9%, P = 0.006). Although the mean age at surgery of the exposed group was lower than the control group, there was no correlation of positive RET immunoreactivity with the age at surgery. No characteristics of the tumors were associated with positive RET immunoreactivity. In summary, the greater incidence of RET-immunopositives in the irradiated group indicates that the expression of RET immunoreactivity is strongly associated with radiation exposure, but the prognostic significance of this is not yet clear.

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