Inference for cumulative risk model under step-stress experiments and its application in nanocrystalline data

2022 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2110726
Author(s):  
Yihong Qiao ◽  
Wenhao Gui
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Informative Prior ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
Highest Posterior Density

With the popularity of step-stress accelerated life testing, researchers are exploring more possibilities for models that relate the life distributions under different stress levels. Cumulative risk model assumes that the effects of stress changes have a lag period before they are fully observed, which guarantees the continuity of the hazard rate function. This paper studies the cumulative risk model for Lomax distribution with step-stress experiments. For maximum likelihood estimation, Newton-Rapson method is adopted to get point estimates. Meanwhile, the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator is used to obtain asymptotic confidence intervals. For Bayesian estimation, point estimates and highest posterior density credible intervals under squared error loss function with informative prior and non-informative prior are derived using Metropolis-Hastings method and Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs algorithm. To evaluate the effects of stress change time and the length of lag period, as well as the performance of different methods, numerical simulations are conducted. Then a real nanocrystalline data set is analyzed.

Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Among African American Women Experiencing Recent Intimate Partner Violence

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martie P. Thompson ◽  
Nadine J. Kaslow ◽  
J. B. Kingree
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
American Women ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for suicide attempts among 200 African American abused women (100 attempters, 100 nonattempters) and to test a cumulative risk model to determine if a woman’s likelihood of making a suicide attempt increased as the number of risk factors increased. Results revealed that attempters were significantly more likely than nonattempters to report high levels of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, drug abuse, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results from the cumulative risk model revealed a linear association between the number of risk factors and the odds of making a suicide attempt. Compared to women with no risk factors, women with two risk factors, women with three risk factors, and women with four to five risk factors were 10, 25, and 107 times, respectively, more likely to attempt suicide. The identification of risk variables highlights the importance of designing interventions to address these factors in order to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in abused, African American women.

Media Violence and Other Aggression Risk Factors in Seven Nations

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Anderson ◽  
Kanae Suzuki ◽  
Edward L. Swing ◽  
Christopher L. Groves ◽  
Douglas A. Gentile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
The Media

Cultural generality versus specificity of media violence effects on aggression was examined in seven countries (Australia, China, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Romania, the United States). Participants reported aggressive behaviors, media use habits, and several other known risk and protective factors for aggression. Across nations, exposure to violent screen media was positively associated with aggression. This effect was partially mediated by aggressive cognitions and empathy. The media violence effect on aggression remained significant even after statistically controlling a number of relevant risk and protective factors (e.g., abusive parenting, peer delinquency), and was similar in magnitude to effects of other risk factors. In support of the cumulative risk model, joint effects of different risk factors on aggressive behavior in each culture were larger than effects of any individual risk factor.

scholarly journals A Cumulative Risk Model of Child Physical Maltreatment Potential: Findings From a Community-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Lamela ◽  
Bárbara Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
Physical Maltreatment

Previous studies have identified the predictive risk factors of child physical maltreatment (CPM). However, a significant number of these studies assessed risk factors in isolation. The cumulative risk hypothesis postulates that health problems are caused by the accumulation of risk factors, independently of the presence or absence of specific risk indicators. Few studies examined the effect of cumulative risk on CPM potential. This study aimed to test two concurrent models of cumulative risk of CPM potential by investigating whether CPM potential was better predicted by a threshold cumulative risk model or a linear cumulative risk model. Data from the National Representative Study of Psychosocial Context of Child Abuse and Neglect in Portugal were used. Parents of school-age children ( N = 796) answered to self-report measures regarding sociodemographic variables, history of child maltreatment, psychological distress, and CPM potential. A cumulative risk index was computed, comprising 10 dichotomized risk factors. Evidence for a threshold cumulative effect was found. Additional bivariate logistic regressions revealed that the odds for high-potential CPM were dramatically higher for those parents with six or more risk factors when compared with parents with any one risk factor. By testing and confirming a threshold cumulative effect on CPM potential, it was possible to find a “trigger point” from which a dramatic increase in child physical maltreatment potential occurs.

scholarly journals Childhood and Adolescent Predictors of Heavy Episodic Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorder at Ages 21 and 33: A Domain-Specific Cumulative Risk Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungeun Olivia Lee ◽  
Karl G Hill ◽  
Katarina Guttmannova ◽  
Lacey A Hartigan ◽  
Richard F Catalano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model
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