Interpreting the full blood count

2022 ◽  
pp. 175573802110657
Author(s):  
Martin Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
General State ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Individual Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Presentations

The full blood count (FBC) is one of the most commonly requested blood tests in medical practice and can provide a wealth of useful information about a patient’s general state of health, as well as highlighting abnormalities which indicate systemic or sinister pathologies. This article seeks to explore the different parameters of the FBC, and how these relate to some more common clinical presentations, as well as their relation to morphological findings seen on the blood film. As with most investigations, differential diagnoses suggested by any individual laboratory tests are wide and are most valuable when combined with history and examination.

Introduction to haematology

2020 ◽  
pp. 5169-5171
Author(s):  
Chris Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Haematological Disorder ◽  
History Of

Haematology is the study of the composition, function, and diseases of the blood. The approach to a patient suspected of having a haematological disorder begins with taking a history (particularly noting fatigue, weight loss, fever, and history of bleeding) and performing a clinical examination (looking for signs of anaemia, infection, bleeding, and signs of cellular infiltration causing splenomegaly and/or lymphadenopathy). Key investigations include a full blood count, a blood film, and (in selected cases) examination of the bone marrow. Further diagnostic tests now routinely performed on blood and marrow samples include immunophenotyping and cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Mutational signatures may be diagnostically useful and potentially define treatment, keeping haematology in the vanguard of advances in modern medicine.

Haematology

2010 ◽  
pp. 211-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Blood Cell Morphology

Full blood count 212 Red cell parameters 214 White cells 216 Platelet count 217 Peripheral blood film 218 Red cell morphology 219 Parasites on the blood film & marrow 222 White blood cell morphology 224 Assessment of iron status 226 Assessment of vitamin B12...

Diagnosis and investigation in haematology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bunch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Posterior Iliac Crest ◽  
Haematological Disorders

This chapter addresses the interpretation of the full blood count, blood film, bone marrow examination, and related tests in the diagnosis of haematological disorders. Examination of a stained blood film, which should always be requested if a blood count abnormality cannot readily be explained by the clinical context, may give clues to the cause of the abnormality or prove diagnostic. Examination of the bone marrow is essential to the proper evaluation and diagnosis of many haematological disorders. The simplest form of marrow examination involves needle aspiration of marrow cells from the posterior iliac crest; smears are made and stained in the same way as a blood film. Bone marrow can also be biopsied for histological examination, at the same time as marrow aspiration.

Haematological investigations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Provan ◽  
Trevor Baglin ◽  
Inderjeet Dokal ◽  
Johannes de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Human Leucocyte Antigen ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Full Blood Count

Full blood count - Blood film - Plasma viscosity - ESR - Haematinic assays - Haemoglobin electrophoresis - Haptoglobin - Schumm’s test - Kleihauer test - Reticulocytes - Urinary haemosiderin - Ham’s test - Immunophenotyping - Cytogenetics - Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing

scholarly journals Optimising laboratory monitoring of chronic conditions in primary care: a quality improvement framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darunee Whiting ◽  
Richard Croker ◽  
Jessica Watson ◽  
Andy Brogan ◽  
Alex J Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Ordering Systems

Monitoring of chronic conditions accounts for a significant proportion of blood testing in UK primary care; not all of this is based on evidence or guidelines. National benchmarking shows significant variation in testing rates for common blood tests. This project set out to standardise the blood tests used for monitoring of chronic conditions in primary care across North Devon, and to measure and reduce the harms of unwarranted testing. Chronic disease test groups were developed in line with current guidelines and implemented using one-click electronic test ordering systems. The main difference from previous general practitioner practice algorithms was removing the requirement for full blood count and liver function test monitoring for many conditions. Baseline harms of testing were measured and included significant costs, workload and patient anxiety. By defining the scale of the problem, we were able to leverage change across several cycles of quality improvement, using a pathology optimisation forum for peer-led improvement, and developing a framework focusing on what matters to patients. Overall primary care testing rates in North Devon fell by 14% for full blood count testing and 22% for liver function tests, but without a reduction in the number of tests showing possible significant pathology. We estimate that this has reduced testing costs by £200 000 across a population of around 180 000 people and has reduced downstream referral costs by a similar amount. Introduction of simple chronic disease test groups into primary care electronic ordering systems, when used alongside engagement with clinicians, leads to both quality improvement and reduction in system costs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Full Blood Count and Bone Marrow Aspirations at Presentation in Children Diagnosed with Acute Leukaemias – A Single Centre Experience in Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
G. K. Eke ◽  
K. I. Korubo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Paediatric Oncology ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Southern Nigeria

Introduction: Acute leukaemias are the most common malignant neoplasms in childhood, presenting with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. Though many of the recent more sophisticated methods of diagnosis have important prognostic implications, they are often not available in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To review the full blood count and bone marrow aspirations at presentation in children diagnosed with acute leukaemias at a teaching hospital in southern Nigeria. Methodology: A retrospective survey of children with acute leukaemias admitted into the Paediatric Oncology unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), from January 2014 to December 2020. Their clinical profile, full blood count and bone marrow aspirations were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 Results: Forty-three children aged 8 months to 17 years, with a median age of 9 years, were diagnosed with acute leukaemia within the period under review, 28 (65.1%) were males and 15 (34.9%) females, giving a M:F ratio of 1.9:1. Commonest clinical features at presentation were fever (n=28, 65.1%), pallor (n=18, 41.9%) and gum bleeding (n=16, 37.2%); while 38 (88.4%) of them presented with anaemia, 20 (46.5%) had leukocytosis and 36 (83.7%) had thrombocytopoenia with a median platelet count of 42x109/L and circulating blasts were present in the peripheral blood film of most of the patients. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was the diagnosis in 30 (70%) children, and AML in 9 (21%). The bone marrow was hypercellular in 30 cases (69.8%) and erythropoiesis was depressed in 39 (90.7%) children. Conclusion: At the UPTH, children with acute leukaemias were mostly males. Fever, pallor and gum bleeding were the commonest symptoms with most of them having circulating blasts. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was the commonest type and bone marrow was mainly hypercellular with depressed erythropoiesis.

Basic investigations

2019 ◽  
pp. 839-858
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Clotting Cascade ◽  
Electrocardiogram Interpretation

The chapter aims to provide a brief but thorough reference for the commonest urine and blood tests that medical students will encounter on the wards and in clinic. The chapter focuses in detail on the wealth of information provided by a simple urine dip, including signs of infection, haematuria, pregnancy (or ectopic pregnancy), and metabolic disorders. The chapter discusses in detail how to read a full blood count which can give clues not only to infection but also to chronic infection, leukaemias, parasites, allergy, iron deficiency, and many other disease processes. The chapter also discusses the use of the reticulocyte count to help differentiate between haemolytic anaemias (raised) and bone marrow failure (decreased, e.g. from cancer). A guide to findings on blood films is also given. The clotting cascade and clotting parameters are summarized. The commonest tests in clinical chemistry, including blood glucose, renal and liver function, and bone profile are also discussed. A guide to blood gas analysis, with common examples, is also covered, along with a systematic approach to electrocardiogram interpretation.

Haematological investigations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Provan ◽  
Trevor Baglin ◽  
Inderjeet Dokal ◽  
Johannes de Vos ◽  
Mammit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Human Leucocyte Antigen ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Hla Typing ◽  
Full Blood Count

Full blood count - Blood film - Plasma viscosity - ESR - Haematinic assays - Haemoglobin electrophoresis - Haptoglobin - Schumm’s test - Kleihauer test - Reticulocytes - Urinary haemosiderin - Ham’s test - Immunophenotyping - Cytogenetics - Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing

scholarly journals Double trouble: ciclosporin–simvastatin coinduced rhabdomyolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e225971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakeen Hafouda ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Vincent Li ◽  
Paul Devakar Yesudian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Blood Tests

A 73-year-old woman presented with an acute exacerbation of her long-standing psoriasis. Ciclosporin was commenced due to the severity of her symptoms resulting in remission within 2 weeks. Full blood count, urea and electrolytes following initiation of treatment were unremarkable, although she complained of muscle aches, which was attributed to her known multiple sclerosis. Three weeks later she was admitted to the hospital with diarrhoea and vomiting. Repeat blood tests revealed raised creatinine (528 μmol/L (normal range (NR) n=45–84 μmol/L)), urea (32.6 mmol/L (NR 2.5–7.8 mmol/L)) and creatine kinase (6792 IU/L (NR 25–200 IU/L)) levels and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate of 7. A diagnosis of acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis was made due to an interaction between ciclosporin and simvastatin, precipitated by the dehydration from gastroenteritis. Haemofiltration was required to stabilise her renal function and she made a complete recovery.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Burden and Strains of Pedagogues—Using the Job Demands-Resources Theory to Predict Burnout, Job Satisfaction, General State of Health, and Life Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7921
Author(s):  
Marie Drüge ◽  
Sandra Schladitz ◽  
Markus Antonius Wirtz ◽  
Karin Schleider
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
General State ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Role Conflicts ◽  
Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire

The current study examines the Job Demands-Resources theory among pedagogical professionals. A total of 466 pedagogues (n = 227 teachers; n = 239 social workers) completed the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire online. After testing the questionnaire structure using confirmatory factor analysis, a JD-R-based prediction model to predict effects of strains on the outcome constructs of burnout, job satisfaction, general state of health, and life satisfaction was estimated. The results confirm the questionnaire structure (RMSEA= 0.038; CFI = 0.94) as well as the fit of the prediction model (RMSEA = 0.039; CFI = 0.93). The outcome constructs could be predicted by emotional demands, work–privacy conflict, role conflicts, influence at work, scope for decision making, and opportunities for development (0.41 ≤ R² ≤ 0.57). Especially for life satisfaction, a moderator analysis proved the differences between teachers and social workers in the structure of the prediction model. For teachers, quantitative demands and work–privacy conflict are predictive, and for social workers, role conflicts and burnout are predictive. The study offers starting points for job-related measures of prevention and intervention.

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