scholarly journals Natural Phenyldihydroisocoumarins: Sources, Chemistry and Bioactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat S. Çiçek ◽  
Sara Vitalini ◽  
Christian Zidorn
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Methoxy Groups ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds ◽  
Hydroxy Groups

The present review gives an overview about naturally occurring phenyldihydroisocoumarins, their sources, and bioactivities. In total, 54 compounds are covered, including eight substances which are in fact alkaloids or protoalkaloids. These nitrogen containing compounds were exclusively found in the Papaveraceae family. The remaining 46 compounds have been reported from twelve different source families, ranging from mosses to angiosperms. Six of the nitrogen free compounds feature additional rings, while 40 are simple phenyldihydroisocoumarins with substituents in all possible positions, except 3, 2’, and 6’. Common substituents of these simple phenyldihydroisocoumarins are hydroxy groups, methoxy groups, and glucosyloxy groups; on the other hand, acuminosyloxy and rutinosyloxy groups have so far been found only in one and two naturally occurring phenyldihydroisocoumarins, respectively. Though a number of bioactivities have been proven for phenyldihydroisocoumarins, ranging from anticancer and antidiabetic to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, so far only one taxon, Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii, is widely used. Moreover, the usage of this taxon is mainly due to the sweet taste properties of the contained phenyldihydroisocoumarin phyllodulcin and less based on the alleged health-promoting effects of its constituents.

scholarly journals The synthesis of angular heteroarenochromones based on 7-hydroxy-8-carbonylchromones

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Shokol ◽  
Oleg Lozinski ◽  
Natalia Gorbulenko ◽  
Volodymyr Khilya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range

The present review highlights advanced strategies to the synthesis of the chromones annulated with O- and N-containing heterocycles at C(7)-C(8) bond. Due to the prevalence of such motives in different kinds of natural flavonoids and some alkaloids, fused chromones have attracted a great deal of attention so far. On the other hand a wide range of biological activities is displayed by the compounds of this type both among naturally occurring flavonoids and their synthetic analogues. 8-Carbonyl-7-hydroxychromones proved to be versatile synthones for the synthesis of angular hetarenochromones via approach of annulation of a heterocycle to the chromone core. It also addresses the question of the biological activity of naturally occurring and fused synthetic hetarenochromones.

scholarly journals Effects of Live and Pasteurized Forms of Akkermansia from the Human Gut on Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Yura Choi ◽  
Shambhunath Bose ◽  
Jaegu Seo ◽  
Joo-Hyun Shin ◽  
Dokyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treg Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
And Function

Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a promising probiotic candidate owing to its health-promoting properties. A previous study reported that the pasteurized form of A. muciniphila strains isolated from human stool samples had a beneficial impact on high-fat diet-induced obese mice. On the other hand, the differences in the probiotic effects between live and pasteurized A. muciniphila on the metabolism and immune system of the host are still inconclusive. This study examines the differences between the live and pasteurized forms of A. muciniphila strains on the lipid and glucose metabolism and on regulating the inflammatory immune responses using a HFD-fed obese mouse model. The animals were administered the live and pasteurized forms of two A. muciniphila strains five times per week for the entire study period of 12 weeks. Both forms of the bacterial strains improved the HFD-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation in the mice by preventing body-weight gains after one week. In addition, they cause a decrease in the weights of the major adipose tissues, adipogenesis/lipogenesis and serum TC levels, improvement in glucose homeostasis and suppression of inflammatory insults. Furthermore, these treatments restored the damaged gut architecture and integrity and improved the hepatic structure and function in HFD-induced animals. On the other hand, for both bacterial strains, the pasteurized form was more potent in improving glucose tolerance than the live form. Moreover, specific A. muciniphila preparations with either live or pasteurized bacteria decreased the number and population (%) of splenic Treg cells (CD4+ Foxp3+) significantly in the HFD-fed animals, further supporting the anti-inflammatory properties of these bacteria.

OPTIMISM AND THE REPORTING OF FLU EPISODES

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nicholas Hamid
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Orientation Test

This study examined the differences between dispositional optimists and pessimists in their reporting of ill health and health promoting behaviors for a stress-related illness, namely influenza. The results revealed clear and consistent attentional biases of the dispositions as measured by the Life Orientation Test. While optimists and pessimists did not differ in stress levels or the number of incidences of flu, pessimists reported the duration as longer, a higher expectancy of flu in the future, and more symptoms and causes of stress than did optimists. On the other hand, optimists reported greater engagement in health promoting behavior and more specific attempts at prevention of flu. These differences are discussed with regard to attentional style and affect and the implications for further research are outlined.

scholarly journals Does the Interdependence between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Explain the Antioxidant Paradox?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated in many chronic diseases. However, antioxidant trials are so far largely unsuccessful as a preventive or curative measure. Chronic low-grade inflammatory process, on the other hand, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes, one of which can be easily induced by another. Thus, both processes are simultaneously found in many pathological conditions. Therefore, the failure of antioxidant trials might result from failure to select appropriate agents that specifically target both inflammation and oxidative stress or failure to use both antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents simultaneously or use of nonselective agents that block some of the oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways but exaggerate the others. To examine whether the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation can explain the antioxidant paradox we discussed in the present review the basic aspects of oxidative stress and inflammation and their relationship and dependence.

scholarly journals SEED GERMINATION OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) USING PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) FRUIT EXTRACTS AS NATURALLY OCCURRING GERMINATION INHIBITOR AND GIBBERELLIC ACID IN VARIOUS SEED TREATMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 923-926
Author(s):  
Regine M. Olivas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand

Seed Germination is a vital process in plant growth and development. It is very crucial in crop production. Control of seed germination can proceed if there are presence of naturally occurring germination inhibitors such as papaya fruit extracts. Promotion of seed germination on the other hand, can be obtain from plant growth hormones such as gibberellic acid. Various seed treatments used in the experiment were the following: T1-unwashed, fresh T2-washed, fresh T3-washed, air-dried T4-washed, fresh and T5-washed, fresh.Twenty (20) seeds were counted for each treatment. Distilled water as the germinating medium for the seeds were T1, T2 and T3. In T4 and T5, 100ppm of GA3 and papaya fruit extracts were used as germinating media respectively. The highest and the lowest percent germination was shown in T2 and T5 respectively.InT1 and T3 on the other hand, had 75% and 80% germination respectively.Papaya fruit extracts (T5) is considered as a naturally occurring germination inhibitorin tomato.

scholarly journals Methyl Jasmonate Applications in Viticulture: A Tool to Increase the Content of Flavonoids and Stilbenes in Grapes and Wines

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Roberto Mateluna-Cuadra ◽  
Irina Díaz-Gálvez ◽  
Nilo Mejía ◽  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Other Hand

Recently, the interest in methyl jasmonate (MeJ) has increased in viticulture due to its effects on the synthesis of phenolic secondary metabolites in grapes, especially of anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenes derivatives, naturally occurring or synthesized, in berries in response to MeJ application to grapevines. These metabolites help to define sensory characteristics of wines by contributing to their color, flavor and mouthfeel properties, and to derive potential beneficial health effects due to their consumption. This review offers an overview of the importance of these phenolic compounds in grape and wine quality, in association with the MeJ supplementation to grapevines, and also considers their natural biosynthesis in grapes. On the other hand, this review describes the adaptation mechanisms induced after the grapevine elicitation. In addition, this report addresses the effects of MeJ over other aspects of Vitis immunity and its association with phenolic compounds and summarizes the recently published reports about the effects of exogenous MeJ applications to grapevines on grape and wine quality.

The Halle-Vergnaud Sonorant Constituent: Error Elicitation Evidence

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Stuart Laubstein
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
General Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Structure Preserving ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Level Of Analysis

The experiment reported on here investigating the syllabic attachment of post-vocalic nasals and l grew out of an earlier experiment which compared the post-vocalic liquids r and l (Laubstein 1989). Using the error elicitation technique described in Motley et al (1983), induced errors involving Vr and Vl sequences were compared. The two sequences behaved quite differently, suggesting different syllabic attachments for the two liquids. Vowel-r sequences consistently interacted with single vowels or vowel glide sequences and such sequences never split up, supporting the hypothesis (based on naturally occurring errors) that vowel-r sequences belong to a uni-positional peak constituent and supporting Kahn’s argument that English r, like w and y, is a glide (Kahn 1976). Vowel-l sequences, on the other hand, did split apart; errors involved the l alone or the vowel alone, significantly more often than they involved the r or V alone from Vr sequences (Wilcoxon p <.0001). This supported the hypothesis that the r and l belonged to different constituents. The relative frequency of errors is commonly assumed to reflect constituency. See, for instance, Stemberger and Treiman’s (1986) arguments regarding different positions in the onset. Nevertheless, such sequences also acted as single units, and in this respect behaved like vowel-r sequences. In addition, when such sequences were involved as a unit they interacted with single vowels or vowel glide sequences, suggesting that at some level of analysis they belonged to the same constituents as vowels. Speech errors which involve interactions between two items, or the substitution of one item for another, are in general structure-preserving. They involve units of the same constituent type at some level of analysis; for instance, noun phrase with noun phrase, preposition with preposition, verb with verb, and at the sub-lexical level, syllabic constituent type a with syllabic constituent type a (Laubstein 1987).

scholarly journals Meso-tartrate resistance and phylogenetic relationships of biotypes ofSalmonella typhimurium

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G. May ◽  
D. C. Old
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Homogeneity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lines Of Descent

SUMMARYMeso-tartrate utilizing and resistant (mT+) recombinants were produced readily in transductions from an mT+donor strain to 42 naturally occurringmeso-tartrate non-utilizing and sensitive (mT−) recipient strains ofSalmonella typhimurium, and were produced, sometimes as frequently, in interbiotype crosses between different pairs of strains from the mT−biotypes 2, 18, 26 and of the FIRN group (biotypes 30 and 32). These findings suggested that the sites of themtamutations were independent in strains from the different mT−biotypes and were in agreement with their probable different lines of descent. Intrabiotype crosses indicated genetic homogeneity among strains of biotype 26 and among strains of biotype 30; on the other hand, they suggested that in each of the biotypes 2, 18 and 32, a minority of strains hadmtamutations present at different intragenic sites from those of the majority of strains. The derivations of the strains of the minority types are discussed.

scholarly journals Two Types of Concession: Evidence From Discourse Markers

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110450
Author(s):  
Marwan Jarrah ◽  
Sharif Alghazo ◽  
Yousef Bader
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Other Hand

This study investigates the use of concessive discourse markers (DMs) in Jordanian Arabic (JA), particularly relying on a corpus analysis of naturally occurring data. It argues that there are mainly two types of concession in JA: extrinsic concession and intrinsic concession. The two types of concession are shown to differ from each other with respect to Kratzer’s compatibility of propositions. Intrinsic concession occurs when a speaker has a manifest intention/meaning that does not cause hearers to question its occurrence. This type is realized when one discourse segment is not compatible (i.e., does not normally happen at the same time) with another discourse segment (e.g., somebody is so rich, but he/she lives in a very poor house). Extrinsic concession, on the other hand, occurs when a speaker has a latent intention/meaning that normally causes hearers to question its occurrence. This type of concession emerges when discourse segments are compatible with each other (i.e., may normally happen at the same time), in which case the made-up concession is enforced by the speaker (e.g., somebody is poor, but he/she lives in a poor house). The study shows that certain discourse markers in JA are preferred over others in each type.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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