Relationship Between Pitch Volume and Subjective Report of Injury in High School Female Fast-Pitch Softball Pitchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110513
Author(s):  
Brittany Gooch ◽  
Bradley S. Lambert ◽  
Haley Goble ◽  
Patrick C. McCulloch ◽  
Corbin Hedt
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Type I ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background: The relationship between pitch volume and injury is well-represented within baseball literature. However, the impact of softball pitch volume on injury epidemiology is limited. Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine if increased pitch volumes in high school–aged softball pitchers are related to increased rates of subjectively reported pain/injury. We hypothesized that pitchers with increased volumes would have higher pain/injury rates. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: A total of 28 female softball pitchers (aged 14-18 years) completed an online survey of questions pertaining to pitching history, pitch volume, and subjective report of pain or injury in the back, shoulder, and elbow. An independent-samples t test was used to (1) compare pitch volumes in those who reported pain in individual body regions (shoulder, elbow, back) compared with those who did not; (2) compare pitch volumes in those who reported pain in 0 or 1 of the regions of interest compared with 2 or 3 regions; and (3) compare the reported percentage of the past year that players reported playing through pain in players who averaged >85 compared with <85 pitches per game. Chi-square analysis was used to compare those who pitched either >85 or <85 pitches per game with regard to frequency of shoulder pain, elbow pain, back pain, seeking of medical attention, and actual injury diagnosis. Type I error was set at α = 0.05. Results: Weekly and yearly pitch counts were higher in those reporting pain or injury (YES) than those who did not (NO) in the shoulder (pitches per week: NO = 219 ± 35; YES = 429 ± 101; P = 0.027) (pitches per year: NO = 8876 ± 946; YES = 19,195 ± 4944; P = 0.022) and back (pitches per week: NO = 188 ± 16; YES = 426 ± 90; P = 0.014) (pitches per year: NO = 8334 ± 793; YES = 18,252 ± 4340; P = 0.027). Similar results were observed for those with pain or injury reported in 2 or 3 regions compared with 0 or 1 regions (pitches per week: NO = 220 ± 38; YES = 414 ± 95; P = 0.039) (pitches per year: NO = 8765 ± 1010; YES = 18,661 ± 4623; P = 0.028). Those reporting shoulder pain or injury also reported higher pitch counts per game (NO = 71.4 ± 5.2; YES = 83 ± 4; P = 0.049), and those reporting back pain also reported playing more games per week (NO = 2.7 ± 0.2; YES = 5.2 ± 1.1; P = 0.034). Those with pitch counts of >85/game were more than twice as likely to see a physician regarding pain/injury ( P = 0.027) and reported playing through pain a higher percentage of the year (>85, 49.3% ± 10%; <85, 25.2% ± 6%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: High pitching volumes commonly prevalent in high school–aged softball pitchers may be associated with increased pain/injury and appear related to cumulative volume. Clinical Relevance: This study provides recommendations for cumulative pitch volume guidelines in softball pitchers.

scholarly journals EARLY RESULTS OF AN INJURY-PREVENTION PROGRAM IN HIGH SCHOOL TRACK ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0014
Author(s):  
Celeste Quitiquit Dickason ◽  
Whitney Marois ◽  
Hannah Santos ◽  
Sadie Grace ◽  
Brian Krabak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Injury Prevention Program ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background Injury prevention programs have been shown to be effective for adolescent soccer, basketball, and handball athletes. Though injuries are common in high school runners, injury prevention programs have not been described for this population. Our objective was to trial an injury-prevention program styled after those found to be successful in other running and jumping sports to see if a group of running athletes sustained fewer and or less serious injuries during the course of a single high school track season. Methods Two suburban high school track coaches volunteered to participate in a program consisting of either injury-prevention exercises or no additional exercises as a part of pre-and in-season practice programs. All runners at each school were invited to participate, with informed consent obtained. The injury prevention program consisted of five jumping and plyometric exercises taught by a physical therapist, with a video of the exercises made available to the coach and team members throughout the season. Surveys pre- and post-season were collected which included demographic information, running history, diet, and injuries. Injuries were reported to coach and trainer at each school. Days of missed practice constituted an injured day, tallied for each runner and each team. A Chi-square analysis compared injury rates by team, and hence by intervention; injury rates by years of experience running; and injury rates by dietary preference. Results 24 runners, 13 from the intervention school and 11 from the control school participated. There was no significant difference in the number of running injuries reported when comparing the intervention group (4/13 runners) to the control group (3/11 runners, Chi-square = 0.035, p = 0.9). Runners with a greater number of years of competitive running experience trended towards having fewer injuries (p = 0.06). Those describing their diet as vegetarian (3/24) were significantly more likely to sustain an injury (p = 0.002). Conclusions / Significance With this limited comparison study examining the impact of an injury-prevention pre-season and in-season training program for running athletes participating on their high school track team, there was no evidence that the addition of a program of jumping and plyometric exercises had an impact on injury rates. However, combining the data from the two schools, we found a trend towards decreased injury likelihood in those with more years of experience running, and a significantly greater incidence of injuries in those who described their diet as vegetarian. These results suggest that novice runners should perhaps have a different set of expectations regarding the pre- and in-season training regimen, and that those whose diet is vegetarian consider review of their nutrition to optimize their energy level and reparative capacity with the increased activity of a high school track running program.

scholarly journals Targeting cervical cancer campaigns on teenage high schoolers in resource-limited economies: lessons from an intervention study of Nigerian senior secondary school girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris O Ifediora ◽  
Emmanuel C Azuike
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Given the dearth of government-sponsored programmes, preventive lifestyles and practices are the realistic hopes for millions of women in developing countries against cervical cancer. Early interventions for teenage high school girls have been advocated recently, but evidence-base for sustainable activities at this demographic is lacking. This article reduces this gap by determining the impact of two cervical cancer education techniques. Method This is a 6-month interventional cohort study of 432 female high school students in South-eastern Nigeria. Results A total of 317 (73.4%) and 301 (69.7%) valid responses were received from the pre-intervention (16.8 ± 1.5 years) and post-intervention (17.2 ± 1.6 years) surveys, respectively. About 213 (70.8%) were fully engaged with the interventions. Logistic regression revealed that participants who were ‘engaged’ with the interventions, either through symposium attendance or by reading of the printed handouts, showed significant improvements across multiple cervical cancer parameters regarding knowledge on ‘pap smears’ (analysed with four items), ‘HPV vaccine’ (two items) and ‘risk factors’ (two items). Improvements in Knowledge of ‘early symptoms’ were not improved, with ‘post-coital bleeding’ [odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; P = 0.87] and ‘being asymptomatic’ (OR = 0.69; P = 0.32) remaining statistically similar between the engaged and the unengaged. If ‘engagement’ with either intervention was disregarded, a chi-square analysis identified no significant improvement in knowledge on any parameter. Conclusion Ensuring ‘engagement’ with intervention campaigns is vital to achieving effective and sustainable cervical cancer knowledge. Engagement may be achieved by repeating the education activities across all the years/classes that make up high school in each developing country, along with formal examinations at each level.

Prevalence of neck–shoulder pain and low back pain among high school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
RawafK Al Rawaf ◽  
MohammedM Zamzam ◽  
OsamaA Al Rehaili ◽  
AdelF Al Shihri ◽  
MohammedS Abunayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
School Students

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF RULE CHANGES AND LEGISLATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF CONCUSSION IN HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0023
Author(s):  
Eric D. Nussbaum ◽  
Jaynie Bjornaraa ◽  
Charles J. Gatt
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
School Setting ◽  
The State ◽  
High School Sports ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is much concern over the incidence of concussion in high school sports, with a growing focus on soccer, necessitating the need for legislation and formal rule changes for safety reasons. Objective: To note differences in concussive injury between boys and girls soccer and determine the change in reported concussion rates from 2011 vs. 2017 in order to study the impact of legislation and rule changes on the rates of concussion in high school soccer in the state of New Jersey. Design: Comparative Study Methods: Licensed athletic trainers working in the secondary school setting in the state of New Jersey voluntarily participated in an online survey on the incidence of concussion in boys and girls soccer. This de-identified data was compared with data collected from a similar survey conducted in 2011. Results: In 2017 there were 168 concussions occurred among 3255 male soccer athletes. Eight-five percent of concussions (145/168) occurred during games, with the remainder occurring in practice. Forty-five percent (76/168) occurred to varsity players with the majority occurring during games (84%). Fewer concussions were reported to junior varsity and freshman players.. In 2017, Incidence Rate (IR) for all male soccer athletes was calculated at 0.36 concussions per 1000 athletic exposures (AE). Injury Proportion (IP) was 5%. Clinical Incidence was 0.05 concussions per athlete. This represented a 38% increase in IR/1000 AE from 2011 to 2017, and a 39% increase in IP 2011 vs 2017 In 2017, a total of 2604 female soccer athletes, reported 195 concussions with the majority occurring during games (83%). Varsity athlete reported the higher number of concussions relative to junior varsity and freshman soccer athletes IR/1000 AE was 0.48 vs 0.43 in 2011 (12% increase), while IP was 7% vs 6% in 2011 (17% increase Females had a greater IR/1000 AE than males (.48 vs. .36). Clinical incidence was also greater for female soccer athletes than male soccer athletes (0.075 vs. 0.05). Conclusion: Despite legislation and rule changes, the incidence of concussion in both boys and girls high school soccer is increasing and particularly during games. Playing at the varsity level and game play has the highest association with injury and should be subject to greater scrutiny. Additionally, more concussions are occurring to female soccer athletes than male players. This information provides a snapshot of a significant problem that deserves greater attention. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals High School Sports During the CoVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Sport Participation on the Health of Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. McGuine ◽  
Kevin Biese ◽  
Scott J. Hetzel ◽  
Alison Schwarz ◽  
Stephanie Kliethermes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Context: During the fall of 2020, some high schools across the US allowed their students to participate in interscholastic sports while others cancelled or postponed their sport programs due to concerns regarding COVID-19 transmission. It is unknown what effect this has had on the physical and mental health of adolescents. Objective: Identify the impact of playing a sport during the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of student athletes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sample recruited via email. Patients or Other Participants: 559 STATE-XXX high school athletes (age=15.7±1.2 yrs., female=44%) from 44 high schools completed an online survey in October 2020. A total of 171 (31%) athletes played (PLY) a fall sport, while 388 (69%) did not play (DNP). Main Outcome Measure(s): Demographics included: sex, grade and sports played. Assessments included the General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item (GAD-7) for anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9) for depression, the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (PFABS) for physical activity, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) for quality of life. Univariable comparisons between the two groups were made via t-tests or chi-square tests. Means for each continuous outcome measure were compared between the groups by ANOVA models that controlled for Age, Sex, Teaching method (Virtual, Hybrid, or In-person), and the % of students eligible for free lunch. RESULTS: PLY group participants were less likely to report moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety (PLY=6.6%, DNP=44.1%, p&lt;0.001) and depression (PLY=18.2%, DNP=40.4%, p&lt;0.001). PLY athletes reported higher (better) PFABS scores (mean: [95%CI]), (PLY=23.2[22.0,24.5], DNP=16.4[15.0,17.8], p &lt;0.001) and higher (better) PedsQL total scores (PLY=88.4[85.9,90.9], DNP=79.6[76.8,82.4], p &lt;0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who played a sport during the COVID-19 pandemic reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as higher physical activity and quality of life scores compared to adolescent athletes who did not play a sport.

scholarly journals Queer Lives in Idaho and the Surrounding Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ollie Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
The Impact

The experiences of Queer people in the Intermountain-West are under- documented by the scientific community. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. It was responsible for more than 47,500 deaths in 2019. Members of the Queer community have higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts than the general population. Theoretically, we may predict that people experience negative mental health outcomes under situations of reduced social contact and support or during periods of exclusion by conspecifics. My research explores mental health in the Queer community utilizing data collected in an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a sample size of 147 participants from the intermountain west, this study examines whether rates of suicidal ideation and behavior are influenced by a person’s high school experience. Specifically, I investigate effects of experienced positive curriculum related to Queer identities, supportive teachers, status of protection under the law, and the impact of COVID-19, particularly related to a lack of pride festivals. Statistical analysis found that mental health declined during the pandemic, and when sexual and gender identity are included in anti-discrimination laws Queer people’s mental health improves. These findings are supported in the high school environment as well. People who heard anti- Queer had five times the odds of engaging in suicidal behaviors. Access to a supportive community improves mental health and suggests that the adaptive use of technology to create social connections in novel ways may be key to thriving during times of cultural change and unpredictability.

498 It Makes Relationships Harder: The Role of Narcolepsy in Social and Romantic Relationships in Young Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A196-A197
Author(s):  
Ryan Davidson ◽  
Kelsey Biddle ◽  
Thomas Scammell ◽  
Malik Nassan ◽  
Eric Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Type I ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy typically begins during adolescence/young adulthood – a crucial period for developing relationships. As symptoms would be expected to impact social interactions, we studied how narcolepsy impacts social, romantic, and sexual relationships in young adults. Methods Young adults (18–39 years; N=262) with a self-confirmed narcolepsy diagnosis were recruited through national narcolepsy patient organizations. Participants completed an online survey, including open-ended questions, to evaluate their social, romantic, and sexual relationships and communication with medical providers. Results Participants (mean=28.5 years old; SD=5.6) were primarily female (87%), White/Caucasian (92%), employed (75%), and had Narcolepsy Type I (56%). All participants indicated that narcolepsy made social life or entering relationships somewhat or a lot more difficult. Rates of cohabitation and marriage were comparable to nationally representative samples. On the Couples Satisfaction Index, most participants reported feeling satisfied with their romantic relationships (mean=15.8; SD=4.3). On the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, participants reported receiving greater support from their significant others (mean=4.5; SD=1.4) compared to both family (mean=3.7; SD=1.5; p&lt;.05) and friends (mean=3.9; SD=1.4; p&lt;.05). There was no difference between family and friends (p&gt;.05). Eighty-percent of participants indicated that narcolepsy impacted their sex life, including experiencing cataplexy or falling asleep during sex. Few participants indicated that their providers asked about their social (31%) and sex life (10%). In contrast, 73% of participants wanted providers to ask about social life and 45% wanted providers to ask about sex life. Conclusion Narcolepsy substantially impacts social functioning in young adults. They often prioritize the development of a single, meaningful romantic relationship as their disorder makes sustaining more social relationships challenging (“I do not go out and socialize at all, but spend all my time at home nurturing my romantic relationship because it’s the most important to me”). At a time of sexual development, there are considerable implications of narcolepsy symptoms on their sexual experiences. Though many participants were interested in discussing their social, romantic, and sexual relationships with medical providers, only a small proportion of providers inquire. Effective treatment of narcolepsy in young adults should include support for the impact of the disorder on relationship health. Support (if any) Jazz Pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness on the Effect of Lemon Grass Tea on Oral Health among College Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
J. D. Monesh Babu ◽  
Jothi Priya ◽  
Gayathri Devi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Lemongrass tea can be utilized to treat fever, cold and stomach upset. The tea has diuretic properties and water maintenance, making it accommodating individuals with hypertension. The tea can likewise assist with forestalling typhoid fever, malignant growth and obscuring of vision. It can assist with mitigating menstrual issues and sickness. The tea can assist with bringing down cholesterol levels. A total of 200 college students were involved in the study. Self administered questionnaire related to the impact on the impact of lemongrass tea on oral health along with sociodemographic details was prepared and it was distributed through an online survey link. Chi square analysis was used for inferential statistics. 66% of the participants have tasted lemongrass tea, only 34% of the participants have not tasted lemongrass tea. 28% of male and 38% of female participants have tasted lemongrass tea. More females have tasted lemongrass tea than males. There was a significant correlation between gender and participants who have tasted lemongrass tea with p value-0.003(<0.05) which was statistically significant. Majority of the participants (81.0%) were aware that drinking lemongrass tea prevents oral diseases. Lemon grass helps to prevent the growth of bacteria which causes plaque formation. By drinking lemon grass tea we can prevent most of the oral diseases. In the present study, the knowledge and awareness on the effect of lemon grass tea on oral health was satisfactory.

scholarly journals Mental Health Impacts of Wildfire, Flooding and COVID-19 on Fort McMurray School Board Staff and Other Employees: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Belinda Agyapong ◽  
Ejemai Eboreime ◽  
Reham Shalaby ◽  
Hannah Pazderka ◽  
Gloria Obuobi-Donkor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
School Board ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background: Fort McMurray, a city in northern Alberta, Canada, has experienced multiple traumas in the last five years, including the 2016 wildfire, the 2020 floods, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen months after the wildfire, major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms were elevated among school board employees in the city. Objective: This study aimed to compare employees of the school board and other employees of Fort McMurray in respect to the impact the 2016 wildfires, the 2019 COVID pandemic, and the 2020 floods had on their mental health. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in Fort McMurray from 24 April to 2 June 2021. Online questionnaires were administered through REDCap and were designed to capture socio-demographic characteristics, clinical as well as wildfire, COVID-19, and flooding-related variables. Mental health outcome variables were captured using self-reported standardized assessment scales. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact tests, and binary regression analysis. Results: Of the 249 residents who accessed the online survey, 186 completed the survey, giving a response rate of 74.7%. Of these respondents, 93.5% (174) indicated their employment status and were included in the Chi-square analysis. Most of the respondents were female (86.2%, (150)), above 40 years (53.4%, (93)), and were in a relationship (71.3%, (124)). The prevalence values for MDD, GAD and PTSD among respondents were 42.4%, 41.0, and 36.8%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between employees of the school board and other employees with respect to likely PTSD prevalence (28% vs. 45%, respectively, p < 0.05), although with other factors controlled for, in a binary logistic regression model, employer type did not significantly predict likely PTSD. Conclusions: The study has established that likely PTSD symptoms were significantly higher in other employees compared to those of school board employees. Greater exposure to the traumatic events and a greater perceived lack of support from other employers might have contributed to the significantly higher prevalence of PTSD in other employees.

Medical comorbidity in inpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: prevalence and length of stay

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1710-1710
Author(s):  
D. Seretis ◽  
S. Nika ◽  
P. Nikolaidou ◽  
A. Papadopoulou ◽  
A. Douzenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Type I ◽  
Medical Comorbidity ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionMedical comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is associated with poor psychiatric treatment outcome and,for inpatients, with increased length of stay (LOS) -either by increasing psychiatric symptomatology or by being the focus of medical attention.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of medical comorbidity that receives medical attention (as opposed to lack of concurrent medical problems or to stable comorbidity) on clinical outcomes and LOS within two psychiatric populations.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of comorbid medical conditions in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. To test for differences, primarily in LOS and psychiatric treatment outcome, between inpatients who received care for physical problems and those who did not need to.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of consecutive voluntary admissions of 106 patients suffering from schizophrenia and 110 patients suffering from bipolar disorder (type I or II). Our main independent variable was whether or not inpatients received treatment for a medical condition after referral from the attending psychiatrist. We used GAF and CIRS-SA assessments.ResultsMost reported problems for schizophrenia patients were cardiovascular/respiratory (notably hypertension) and for bipolar patients endocrine/metabolic. Patients who received medical treatment did not differ in LOS or psychiatric outcome from those who did not receive, in either diagnosis group. 84% of bipolar patients who reported a psychiatric comorbidity received treatment for a medical problem.ConclusionsMedical care for comorbid physical problems does not impact on LOS, diagnosis being a better predictor of the latter. In bipolar disorder significant medical burden appears to be drug-induced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document