scholarly journals Family physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the weight effects of added sugar

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211880124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mackey ◽  
Melissa A Plegue ◽  
Marian Deames ◽  
Matthew Kittle ◽  
Kendrin R Sonneville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Physician ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
And Behaviors

Background and objectives: Added sugar consumption is a major risk factor for negative health outcomes and family physicians play an important role in educating patients regarding nutrition behaviors, such as consumption of added dietary sugar. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of family physicians regarding added dietary sugar. Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to family physician members of the Council of Academic Family Medicine organizations, which support teaching physicians that train family physicians throughout the United States. Survey items underwent rigorous pilot and cognitive testing prior to administration. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test were performed to evaluate physician’s dietary counseling for patients with overweight and obesity. Results: Among practicing family physician members (n = 1196), 72% reported providing dietary counseling to the majority (⩾50%) of their patients with overweight and obesity. Most (90%) believed that their counseling was ineffective for the majority of patients. Frequency of counseling was significantly associated with beliefs about counseling effectiveness (p-value < 0.001). Nearly all physicians (97%) advised against consuming sugary beverages, while advising patients to limit foods with added sugar was less common (82%). Discussion: Dietary counseling is often, but not always, provided to patients with overweight and obesity by family physicians in our sample, though most physicians believed their counseling is ineffective. National attention to added sugar as a risk for poor health should serve as a catalyst for renewed efforts from primary care educators and clinicians to engage in innovative practices to empower at-risk patients to improve their nutrition.

scholarly journals Psychometric analysis of the Children's Eating Attitudes Test in youth with overweight/obesity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Girard ◽  
Crystal S. Lim ◽  
Marissa A. Gowey ◽  
David M. Janicke
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Eating Attitudes Test ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Disordered Eating Attitudes ◽  
Children’S Eating Attitudes Test

Objective: Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors play a critical role in pediatric overweight and obesity and are important to measure in research and practice with this population. Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in youth are commonly measured using the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), which has not been psychometrically evaluated for use with youth with overweight and obesity. As such, it currently unknown whether the ChEAT provides a reliable measurement of a single underlying construct when applied in this population. Methods: Data from 400 treatment-seeking youth (aged 8 to 18) with overweight and obesity were drawn from two sites in the southern United States (54% female, 57% White). Psychometric properties of the ChEAT were evaluated in this combined sample using confirmatory bifactor modeling. Results: A confirmatory bifactor model with five group factors provided the best fit to the data and was used to generate numerous psychometric coefficients. The explained common variance (.36), omega hierarchical (.58), factor determinacy (.86), and construct replicability (.70) coefficients were all lower than recommended cutoff criteria. Both multidimensionality and excessive residual variance contributed to the ChEAT's poor psychometric performance in this sample. Conclusions: The ChEAT displayed marked psychometric problems in a large and diverse sample of youth with overweight and obesity. Its common variance was not unidimensional, its unit-weighted total score was not a reliable indicator of a broad central construct, and its optimally weighted total score was not likely to replicate across studies. We recommend using alternatives to the ChEAT when conducting research and practice with youth with overweight and obesity.

COVIDiots and Cogency

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Roy Schwartzman ◽  
Jenni M. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Experts

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States spawns a perplexing polemic. Intransigent coronavirus skeptics who defy public health recommendations often get cast as ideological zealots or as perniciously ignorant. Both characterizations overlook a more fundamental epistemic opposition. The authors recast the conflict between COVID-19 skeptics and public health advocates as the rhetorical incompatibility between the deliberative, scientifically grounded public health experts and the intuitive, emotion-driven mental heuristics of the non-compliant. This study examines the discourse of COVID-19 misinformation purveyors on broadcast media and online. Their main contentions rely on heuristics and biases that collectively not only undermine trust in particular medical experts, but also undercut trust in the institutions and reasoning processes of science itself. The findings suggest ways that public health campaigns can become more effective by leveraging some of the intuitive drivers of attitudes and behaviors that scientists and argumentation theorists routinely dismiss as fallacious.

Mobile Health and Exposures to Health and Risk Messages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fitts Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

People who communicate health and risk information are often trying to determine new and innovative ways to reach members of their target audience. Because of the nearly ubiquitous use of mobile phones among individuals in the United States and the continued proliferation of such devices around the world, communicators have turned to mobile as a possible channel for disseminating health information. Mobile health, often referred to as mHealth, uses mobile and portable devices to communicate information about health and to monitor health issues. Cell phones are one primary form of mHealth, with the use of cell phone features such as text messaging and mobile applications (apps) often used as a way to provide health information and motivation to target audience members. Text messaging, or short message service (SMS), is a convenient form for conveying health information, as most cell phone owners regularly send and receive text messages. mHealth offers benefits over other channels for communicating health information, such as convenience, portability, interactivity, and the ability to personalize or tailor messages. Additionally, mHealth has been found to be effective at changing attitudes and behaviors related to health. Research has found mobile to be a tool useful for promoting healthy attitudes and behaviors related to a number of topic areas, from increased sexual health to decreased alcohol consumption. Literature from health communication and research into mHealth can provide guidance for health communicators looking to develop an effective mHealth intervention or program, but possible concerns related to the use of mobile need to be considered, such as concerns about data security and participant privacy.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Sodium Intake and Reduction Among Adult Consumers in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deesha Patel ◽  
Mary E. Cogswell ◽  
Katherine John ◽  
Stephanie Creel ◽  
Carma Ayala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Professional Advice ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Reduce Sodium Intake ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Respondent Characteristics

Purpose. To describe the prevalence and determinants of sodium-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among U.S. adults Design. A cross-sectional survey was used. Setting. The study was set in the United States in 2012. Subjects. Participants were 6122 U.S. adults. Measures. Sodium-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were measured. Analysis. Chi-squared tests were used to determine differences in sodium-related knowledge, attitude, and behaviors by respondent characteristics; multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between selected respondent characteristics and health professional advice, reported action, or knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (adjusted for all other respondent characteristics). Results. About three-fourths of respondents answered eating too much sodium is “somewhat” or “very” harmful to their health. Twenty-six percent reported receiving health professional advice, and 45% reported taking action to reduce their sodium intake. The prevalence of reported action was highest among adults receiving advice, those with hypertension, blacks, and those aged ≥65 years. Sixty-two percent who reported action agreed that most of their sodium comes from processed or restaurant foods. Of those reporting action, the most common tactics to reduce sodium intake were checking nutrition labels, using other spices than salt, and choosing low-sodium foods; requesting lower-sodium options when eating out was the least common tactic. Conclusion. Results suggest almost half of adults overall and the vast majority of those receiving health professional advice are taking some action to watch or reduce sodium intake. Although a substantial proportion report using recommended tactics to lower intake, many are not using the most effective tactics. In order to reach the general population, health communication messages could be simpler and focus on the most effective tactics to reduce sodium intake. Furthermore, health professionals can help reduce sodium intake by discussing the benefits of sodium reduction and tactics to do so, regardless of a hypertension diagnosis.

scholarly journals Military Experience in Civilian Government Organizations: An Exploratory Study of Its Effects on a Range of Work Attitudes and Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Leonard Bright
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Military Experience ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

There is a large body of research that has comparatively explored the relationship that military experience has with the attitudes and behaviors of employees who work in military organizations. However, very few studies have extended this line of research in civilian organizations. This study seeks to add to this body of research by exploring whether there are meaningful attitude and behavioral differences between veterans and non-veterans who work in a government civilian organization. Using a sample of 500 federal employees in the United States, the findings of this study revealed that prior military experience had no meaningful relationship to the work satisfaction, performance, person-organization fit, public service motivation, work stress, nor turnover intentions of public employees. The most important predictors of the work attitudes of employees were their age, education level, full-time status, and years of work experience. The implications this study has for the field of public management are discussed.

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