Prevalence and determinants of ectopic pregnancy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 228402652110620
Author(s):  
Asteray Ayenew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
History Of

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening obstetric emergency, and is a major health problem for women of fertile age. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence, determinant factors, and outcomes of ectopic pregnancy among fertile age women in Ethiopia. Method: International databases (MEDLINE/Pub Med, Hinari, Scopus, Google scholar, African journals, and literatures were searched and nine eligible cross sectional and two case control studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Eggers test and funnel plot were computed to check publication bias across the studies. Publication bias was computed using a funnel plot and eggers test. Heterogeneity of the studies was checked using Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistic. Results: The pooled prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in Ethiopia was 3.61% (95%CI: 2.24–4.98, I2 = 89.2.0%, p < 0.001). Having cesarean section scar (AOR = 7.44, 95%CI: 5.48–10.09), single marital status (AOR = 5.71, 95%CI: 4.76–6.85), history of sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 4.68, 95%CI: 3.04–7.19), history of abortion (AOR = 3.89, 95%CI: 3.35–4.52), history of ectopic pregnancy (AOR = 5.74, 95%CI: 3.81–8.65), and emergency contraceptive use (AOR = 8.72, 95%CI: 2.90–26.20) were the determinant factors for the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was high in Ethiopia. Thus, educating women to limit the number of sexual partners, smoking cessation, using a condom during sex helps prevent sexually transmitted infections and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease is crucial.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pre-stroke depression and its association with post-stroke depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Taylor-Rowan ◽  
Oyiza Momoh ◽  
Luis Ayerbe ◽  
Jonathan J. Evans ◽  
David J. Stott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Strength Of Evidence ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Depression Assessment ◽  
Post Stroke Depression

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common post-stroke complication. Pre-stroke depression may be an important contributor, however the epidemiology of pre-stroke depression is poorly understood. Using systematic review and meta-analysis, we described the prevalence of pre-stroke depression and its association with post-stroke depression.MethodsWe searched multiple cross-disciplinary databases from inception to July 2017 and extracted data on the prevalence of pre-stroke depression and its association with post-stroke depression. We assessed the risk of bias (RoB) using validated tools. We described summary estimates of prevalence and summary odds ratio (OR) for association with post-stroke depression, using random-effects models. We performed subgroup analysis describing the effect of depression assessment method. We used a funnel plot to describe potential publication bias. The strength of evidence presented in this review was summarised via ‘GRADE’.ResultsOf 11 884 studies identified, 29 were included (total participantsn= 164 993). Pre-stroke depression pooled prevalence was 11.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.2–14.7]; range: 0.4–24% (I295.8). Prevalence of pre-stroke depression varied by assessment method (p= 0.02) with clinical interview suggesting greater pre-stroke depression prevalence (~17%) than case-note review (9%) or self-report (11%). Pre-stroke depression was associated with increased odds of post-stroke depression; summary OR 3.0 (95% CI 2.3–4.0). All studies were judged to be at RoB: 59% of included studies had an uncertain RoB in stroke assessment; 83% had high or uncertain RoB for pre-stroke depression assessment. Funnel plot indicated no risk of publication bias. The strength of evidence based on GRADE was ‘very low’.ConclusionsOne in six stroke patients have had pre-stroke depression. Reported rates may be routinely underestimated due to limitations around assessment. Pre-stroke depression significantly increases odds of post-stroke depression.Protocol identifierPROSPERO identifier: CRD42017065544

scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Nigeria: The First Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Yusuf Wada ◽  
Azian Binti Harun ◽  
Chan Yean Yean ◽  
Abdul Rahman Zaidah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Leave One Out

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) are on the rise worldwide. Here, we report the first prevalence of VRE in Nigeria using systematic review and meta-analysis. International databases MedLib, PubMed, International Scientific Indexing (ISI), Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and African journals online (AJOL) were searched. Information was extracted by two independent reviewers, and results were reviewed by the third. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. OpenMeta analyst was used. The random effect was used, and publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed, and the sources were analysed using the leave-one-out meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were added to the final meta-analysis, and the study period was from 2009–2018. Of the 2552 isolates tested, 349 were VRE, and E. faecalis was reported the most. The pooled prevalence of VRE in Nigeria was estimated at 25.3% (95% CI; 19.8–30.8%; I2 = 96.26%; p < 0.001). Between-study variability was high (t2 = 0.011; heterogeneity I2 = 96.26% with heterogeneity chi-square (Q) = 480.667, degrees of freedom (df) = 18, and p = 0.001). The funnel plot showed no publication bias, and the leave-one-out forest plot did not affect the pooled prevalence. The South-East region had a moderate heterogeneity though not significant (I2 = 51.15%, p = 0.129). Meta-regression showed that all the variables listed contributed to the heterogeneity except for the animal isolate source (p = 0.188) and studies that were done in 2013 (p = 0.219). Adherence to proper and accurate antimicrobial usage, comprehensive testing, and continuous surveillance of VRE are required.

scholarly journals Associations Between I/ D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer: an updated systematic review and a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjian Chen ◽  
Mao Sun ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Renfu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Random Ratio ◽  
Regression Test

Abstract BackgroundThis study has evaluated the association between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer risk by constructing a meta-analysis.MethodsThe heterogeneity in the study was tested by the Q-test and I2, and then the random ratio or fixed effect was utilized to merge the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), to estimate the strength of the association between ACE polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung cancer. We have performed Sensitivity analysis. Using funnel plot and Begger’s regression test investigated the publication bias. All data Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 and Revman 5.3.ResultsA total of 4307 participants (2181 patients; 2126 controls) were included in twelve case-control studies selected. No significant association was found between the ACE I/D polymorphism and lung cancer risks (II vs ID + DD: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.89–1.68; II + ID vs DD: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.90–1.63; I vs D: OR =1.15, 95% CI = 0.95–1.39). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association between this polymorphism and lung cancer risks was also found among Asia and Caucasian populations for the comparison of II vs ID + DD, II + ID vs DD and I vs D genetic models.ConclusionOur study indicated that the ACE I/ D polymorphism was not associated with the risk of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Min Cui ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Ping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectiveTo study the correlation between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disease severity in patients with COVID-19.DesignWe searched six databases including three Chinese and three English databases for all the published articles on COVID-19. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relevant data were extracted and all the statistical analyses were performed using Revman5.3.ResultIn a meta-analysis of 9 studies, comprising 3022 patients, 479 patients (13.7%, 95% CI 0.125 to 0.149) had severe disease and 624 patients (14.7%, 95% CI 0.136 to 0.159) had GI symptoms. Of 624 patients with GI symptoms, 118 patients had severe disease (20.5%, 95% CI 0.133 to 0.276) and of 2397 cases without GI symptoms, 361 patients had severe disease (18.2%, 95% CI 0.129 to 0.235). Comparing disease severity of patients with and without GI symptoms, the results indicated: I²=62%, OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.56, p=0.13; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The funnel plot was symmetrical with no publication bias.ConclusionCurrent results are not sufficient to demonstrate a significant correlation between GI symptoms and disease severity in patients with COVID-19.

Post Abortion Contraceptive Use And Determinant Factors In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niguss Cherie ◽  
Neway Gebrie ◽  
Mtoyib Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Abortion Service ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
National Recommendation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Abortion

Background: World health organization recommendations are aimed to provide comprehensive post abortion care for all women coming for abortion services. Different investigations have been conducted in Ethiopia reporting the prevalence and the determinant factors of post abortion contraception, but they lacks consistency and are characterized by discrepancy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service in Ethiopia. Methods: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of published and grey literature were assessed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO at CRD42020162969. PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, HINARI and Cochrane Library and Google were used to review studies starting from January 14, 2020 to March 11, 2020. STATA 14 software was used for analysis. JBI approach was used for critical appraisal, study selection, data extraction. The possible risk of publication bias was examined using the Funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s test. Statistical heterogeneity was quantified using Cochran’s Q and the I2 test statistic. Random effect model was used as a method of analysis. Result: A total of 8236 women were involved using sixteen studies having 7 to 9 quality scores. The pooled prevalence of family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service in Ethiopia was 69.73% (95% CI: 63.67,75.79) .In addition, subgroup analysis showed the highest prevalence of post abortion contraception on Addis Ababa city Administration ,79.38(95%CI;66.87,91.89).Counseling for contraceptive: (OR=3.48,95% CI: 1.94,6.25), history of contraceptive use: (OR=7.62, 95% CI: 3.28:17.69) have shown a positive association with post abortion family planning use in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service is shown to be less than the WHO and national recommendation. Counseling and history of contraceptive use were found to be significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Family planning utilization among women receiving abortion service is shown to be less than the WHO and national recommendation. Counseling and history of contraceptive use were found to be significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Plasmodium vivax epidemiology in Ethiopia 2000-2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009781
Author(s):  
Tsige Ketema ◽  
Ketema Bacha ◽  
Kefelegn Getahun ◽  
Hernando A. del Portillo ◽  
Quique Bassat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Study Setting

Background Ethiopia is one of the scarce rare African countries where Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum co-exist. There has been no attempt to derive a robust prevalence estimate of P. vivax in the country although a clear understanding of the epidemiology of this parasite is essential for informed decisions. This systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, is aimed to synthesize the available evidences on the distribution of P. vivax infection by different locations/regions, study years, eco-epidemiological zones, and study settings in Ethiopia. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reposting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies conducted and published over the last two decades (2000 to 2020) that reported an estimate of P. vivax prevalence in Ethiopia were included. The Cochrane Q (χ2) and the I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity, and the funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to examine publication bias. A p-value of the χ2 test <0.05 and an I2 value >75% were considered presence of considerable heterogeneity. Random effect models were used to obtain pooled estimate of P. vivax infection prevalence. This study is registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews): ID CRD42020201761. Results We screened 4,932 records and included 79 studies that enrolled 1,676,659 confirmed malaria cases, from which 548,214 (32.69%) were P. vivax infections and 1,116,581 (66.59%) were due to P. falciparum. The rest (11,864 or 0.7%) were due to mixed infections. The pooled estimate of P. vivax prevalence rate was 8.93% (95% CI: 7.98–9.88%) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 100%, p<0.0001). Regional differences showed significant effects (p<0.0001, and I2 = 99.4%) on the pooled prevalence of P. vivax, while study years (before and after the scaling up of interventional activities) did not show significant differences (p = 0.9, I2 = 0%). Eco-epidemiological zones considered in the analysis did show a significant statistical effect (p<0.001, I2 = 78.5%) on the overall pooled estimate prevalence. Also, the study setting showed significant differences (p = 0.001, and I2 = 90.3%) on the overall prevalence, where significant reduction of P. vivax prevalence (4.67%, 95%CI: 1.41–7.93%, p<0.0001) was observed in studies conducted at the community level. The studies included in the review demonstrated lack of publication bias qualitatively (symmetrical funnel plot) and quantitatively [Egger’s test (coefficient) = -2.97, 95% CI: -15.06–9.13, p = 0.62]. Conclusion The estimated prevalence of P. vivax malaria in Ethiopia was 8.93% with P. vivax prevailing in the central west region of Ethiopia, but steadily extending to the western part of the country. Its distribution across the nation varies according to geographical location, study setting and study years.

scholarly journals Effect of Interventions on Learning Burnout: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ruoyun Yin ◽  
Zhaoya Fan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Trim And Fill

Objectives: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of all intervention for learning burnout by meta-analyzing their effects.Methods: Relevant studies that had been published up to September 18, 2020, were identified through a systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang databases. Eligible studies included randomized control trials of any learning burnout intervention conducted among students. The Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the study. Random-effect meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, meta-regression analysis, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Duval and Tweedie's non-parametric trim-and-fill method was used to adjust the effect of publication bias.Results: Of the 5,245 articles found, 39 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. There were 3,400 students, including 1,847 students in the intervention group and 1,553 in the control group. A meta-analysis of 44 studies showed that the interventions were effective. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to education, scales, intervention measures, and intervention time. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the learning burnout scores of undergraduates, secondary vocational students, and middle school students were significantly lower. Based on different scales, all interventions were also effective. The funnel plot was asymmetric and consistent with the results of Egger's test. The trim-and-fill method was used, and seven missing studies were merged to obtain a symmetric funnel plot.Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that learning burnout interventions are effective. The subgroup analyses showed that group counseling is the most widely used, exercise intervention is probably the most effective, and 8 weeks or more is the appropriate intervention time. An integrated intervention study based on the factors of learning burnout adds value. More studies are needed to supplement the results in the future.

Statin use is associated with a lower risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13585-e13585
Author(s):  
Ben Ponvilawan ◽  
Nipith Charoenngam ◽  
Patompong Ungprasert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Statin Use

e13585 Background: Statin use is associated with decreased risk of several types of cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer and hematologic malignancy, although the data on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still inconclusive. The current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize all available data on this association. Methods: A systematic review was performed using EMBASE and MEDLINE database from inception to October 2019 with search strategy that included terms for “statin” and “DLBCL”. Eligible studies could be either cohort or case-control studies that reported the association between statin use and risk of DLBCL. Eligible cohort studies must include patients with history of statin use and comparators with no history of statin use, then follow them for incident DLBCL and report the relative risk, hazard risk ratio, or standardized incidence ratio and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the incidence of DLBCL between the two groups. Eligible case-control studies must include cases with DLBCL and controls without DLBCL, then search for prior statin use and report the odds ratio and associated 95% CI for this association. Point estimates along with standard errors were extracted and combined together for the calculation of the pooled effect estimate using the random effect, generic inverse variance method. Results: A total of 1,139 articles were identified using the search strategy. Six studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included into the meta-analysis. Statin use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of DLBCL with the pooled relative risk of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56 – 0.88; I2 = 70%). Funnel plot was fairly symmetric and was not suggestive of presence of publication bias. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that patients with history of statin use had a significantly lower risk of DLBCL compared to individuals without history of statin use.

scholarly journals The association between prostatitis and prostate cancer. Systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Perletti ◽  
Elena Monti ◽  
Vittorio Magri ◽  
Tommaso Cai ◽  
Anne Cleves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
History Of

Objective: The main outcome of this review was the association between a history of clinical chronic prostatitis (NIH category II or III) and a histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer. Materials and methods: Crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to analyze dichotomous data. For analysis of pooled data we adopted a random-effects model and the inverse variance weighing method. Heterogeneity was assessed by calculating the I2 value. Results: Out of 2794 screened records, we retrieved 16 full-text articles written in English, reporting the data of 15 case-control studies, involving 422.943 patients. Pooled analysis resulted in a significant crude odds ratio of 1.83 (95% CI: 1.43 to 2.35; P < 0.00001). The total set of data showed considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 91%). Both the Egger’s test and the Begg's test for funnel plot asymmetry did not reach statistical significance. The ‘trim and fill’ method applied to the funnel plot imputed 3 missing studies and the resulting adjusted estimate of the odds ratio was 2.12 (95% CI: 1.38 to 3.22). According to GRADE criteria, the overall quality of the meta-analysis data is low, mainly due to the presence of bias, confounders and extreme effect size outliers. Five among the included studies reported data assessed in 8015 African-American subjects. Pooled analysis resulted in a non-significant crude odds ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 0.71 to 3.57; P = 0.26), and considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 90%). Conclusions: Meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies shows that a history of clinical chronic prostatitis can significantly increase the odds for prostate cancer in the general population, whereas such association in African-American individuals remains uncertain.

scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Yan ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Honglin Yan ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Hong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Case Control Studies

Abstract Objective To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between EDCs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), poly-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), phthalates (PAEs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Relevant literatures were identified by searching Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science through November 2021. The cohort and case-control studies reporting effect size with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of EDCs exposure and GDM were selected. The heterogeneity among the included studies were quantified by I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated through the Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results Twenty-five articles with a total of 23, 796 participants were finally identified. The results indicated that exposure to PCBs have a significant impact on the incidence of GDM (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.00-1.31; n = 8). For PBDEs exposure, a positive association was observed for the risk of GDM (OR = 1.32; 95% CI=1.15-1.53; n = 4). Similarly, for PAEs and PFASs exposure, they were also positively associated with the risk of GDM, with summary ORs were 1.10 (95% CI = 1.03-1.16; n = 7 for PAEs) and 1.09 (95% CI = 1.02-1.16; n = 11 for PFASs), respectively. When only included the cohort studies, the summary OR between PCBs exposure and the risk of GDM was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.91-1.09; n = 5). While, for PBDEs, PAEs, and PFASs exposure, the summary ORs from cohort studies were 1.12 (95% CI = 1.00-1.26; n = 2), 1.08 (95% CI =1.02-1.15; n = 5), and 1.06 (95% CI = 1.00-1.12; n = 8), respectively. The Begg’s and Egger’s tests didn’t show publication bias and the sensitivity analyses didn’t change the results in the present meta-analysis. Conclusion These results support the notion that EDCs exposure increases the risk of GDM. Further large-sample epidemiologic researches and mechanistic studies are needed to verify the potential relationship and biological mechanisms. These results are of public health significance since daily EDCs exposure have been expected to increase the risk of GDM development.

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