scholarly journals Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite Taekwondo Athletes: A 4-Year Descriptive Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712110611
Author(s):  
Maximilian Willauschus ◽  
Johannes Rüther ◽  
Michael Millrose ◽  
Matthias Walcher ◽  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Type

Background: Foot and ankle injuries are a common but underestimated problem in taekwondo. Detailed data on injury incidence rates (IIRs), patterns, and injury mechanism are missing. Purpose: The primary aims were to evaluate the prevalence of foot and ankle injuries and the exposure-adjusted IIR of elite taekwondo athletes during matches while training (ie, sparring) and in competitions. The secondary aims were to evaluate injury site, type, sport-specific mechanism, and time loss. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from a single national Olympic taekwondo training center were assessed prospectively for foot and ankle injuries over 4 years (between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019). Data were collected regarding number and type of injuries, anatomic location, and total exposure time during training and competition for each athlete. Injury mechanism and dominant foot were assessed via personal interview. Time loss from sport was analyzed retrospectively. The injury prevalence and IIR were calculated. Correlation between mechanism and injury type, location, and dominant foot was evaluated. Time loss according to location and injury type was assessed. The chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to test for differences in sex, age, and taekwondo experience and for comparison of injury location and type, injury mechanism, and side dominance, respectively. Training and competition IIRs and prevalence were calculated with 95% CIs (for Poisson rates). Results: From an initial 107 athletes, 79 (73.8%) were included in the final data set. Of these athletes, 38 were injured (n = 112 injuries) for a prevalence of 48.1% (95% CI, 43%-52%). The overall IIR of the ankle joint was 13.14 injuries per 1000 athletes (95% CI, 1.5-25.9) and was significantly higher during competition versus training ( P < .001). Ankle joint injuries were most common (n = 71; 63%). Significantly more noncontact versus contact ankle ligament injuries (n = 46; 83%) occurred ( P < .001). The forefoot (n = 18; 66%) was mainly affected by contact injuries ( P < .001). Time loss was the highest for midfoot fractures (mean ± SD, 23.0 ± 0.6 days; range, 23-24 days). Conclusion: Noncontact ligamentous ankle injuries were most common, with a higher incidence during competition. Improvement of strength, endurance, and postural stability under strain is recommended for prevention.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Hand Injuries From Blocking in Elite Taekwondo Despite the Use of Protective Gear: A 5-Year Descriptive Epidemiology Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097399
Author(s):  
Markus Geßlein ◽  
Johannes Rüther ◽  
Michael Millrose ◽  
Hermann Josef Bail ◽  
Robin Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Wrist Injuries ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Protective Gear

Background: Hand and wrist injuries are a common but underestimated issue in taekwondo. Detailed data on injury risk, patterns, and mechanism are missing. Purpose: To evaluate (1) the fight time exposure-adjusted injury incidence rate (IIR) and clinical incidence and (2) injury site, type, sport-specific mechanism, and time loss in taekwondo. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from a single national Olympic taekwondo training center were investigated prospectively for hand and wrist injuries during training and competition over 5 years. The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System Version 10 was used to classify injury type, and analysis of the anatomic injury site was performed. The mechanism of injury was classified as due to either striking or blocking techniques. Results: From a total of 107 athletes, 79 athletes (73.8%) with a total exposure time of 8495 hours were included in the final data set. During the study period, 75 injuries of the hand and wrist region were recorded despite the athletes using protective hand gear. The IIR was 13.9 (95% CI, 10.5-17.5) and was significantly higher during competition. The clinical incidence as an indicator for risk of injury was 60.7% (95% CI, 50.9-70.5). Finger rays were the most affected location (68%), and fractures (43%) and joint ligament injuries (35%) were the most common type of injury. Significantly more injuries were found on the dominant hand side ( P < .001). Comparison of injury mechanisms demonstrated significantly more injuries at the finger rays deriving from blocking techniques ( P = .0104). The mean time loss for all hand and wrist injuries was 15.7 ± 13.5 days (range, 3-45 days) and was highest for distal radial fractures, with a mean of 39.7 ± 4.8 days (range, 32-45 days). Conclusion: There was a significantly higher IIR for acute hand and wrist injuries in elite taekwondo athletes during competition, which resulted in considerable time loss, especially when fractures or dislocations occurred. Significantly more injuries to the finger rays were found during blocking despite the use of protective hand gear. Improvement of tactical skills and blocking techniques during training and improved protective gear appear to be essential for injury prevention.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Shoulder Injuries in Schoolboy Rugby Union in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712110234
Author(s):  
Therese M. Leahy ◽  
Ian C. Kenny ◽  
Mark J. Campbell ◽  
Giles D. Warrington ◽  
Roisin Cahalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
And Training

Background: The shoulder has been reported as a frequent location of injury in adult professional and amateur rugby, with match injury incidence rates ranging from 1.8 to 3 per 1000 player-hours (h). An increased understanding of the incidence and mechanism of shoulder injuries in school rugby players is vital to establish effective injury preventive strategies and advise on appropriate rehabilitation. Purpose: To describe the incidence, nature, and severity of shoulder injuries in schoolboy rugby in Ireland. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury surveillance was carried out for Senior Cup teams across two seasons (N = 665 players aged 17-19 years) in Ireland from 2018 to 2020. Match and training injury data were recorded using an online system by trained nominated injury recorders. Match exposure was also recorded. Results: Shoulder match injury incidence was 12.2 per 1000 h (95% CI, 9.1-16.2), with a mean severity of 47 days’ time loss and an overall burden of 573 days per 1000 h. In total, 47 match and 5 training shoulder injuries were recorded. The most common injuries were shoulder dislocations/subluxations (34%), followed by acromioclavicular joint sprains (30%). Shoulder dislocations/subluxations represented the most burdensome injury (280 days per 1000 h). The tackle accounted for the majority (81%) of shoulder injuries. Forwards sustained a significantly higher incidence of shoulder injuries (8.3/1000 h) in comparison with backs (3.9/1000 h), with a rate ratio of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.15-3.94; P = .015). Conclusion: We found a notably higher injury incidence rate in schoolboy rugby as compared with the adult amateur and professional game. Shoulder injuries were responsible for more days lost than any other injury, and shoulder dislocations were the most severe. This is of particular concern so early in a player’s career and warrants further investigation into potential risk factors and mechanisms associated with shoulder injuries in school-age players.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Time-Loss Injuries in Senior and Under-18 Portuguese Male Rugby Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Miguel Cruz-Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo Miguel Cruz-Ferreira ◽  
Pedro Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz Miguel Santiago ◽  
Luis Taborda-Barata
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Type Contact ◽  
Position Type ◽  
Rugby Players

Abstract Rugby union has one of the highest injury incidence rates in team sports, however, most of the available data focus on the epidemiology of injuries in countries where rugby is popular. We aimed to report the incidence rate and relevant epidemiological aspects of injuries occurred in a group of Portuguese male rugby players. A prospective cohort study was conducted with a group of 45 senior and 32 under-18 male players (total of 77 players). Outcome measures included injury incidence, position, type, location and severity of injuries. The match injury incidence for all players was 55.84 per 1000 player match-hours (66.66 for seniors, 42.85 for under-18), while mean time-loss for injury was 20.79 days. No statistical differences were found between groups. Lower limb injuries accounted for 60.5% of all injuries, while joint/ligament injuries were the most prevalent type. Contact events were responsible for 65.1% of injuries. Despite the limitations, the obtained data are consistent with the literature. Time-loss injuries seem highly prevalent in rugby union and the incidence rates found in this Portuguese-based study were lower than the reported for international and senior men’s professional rugby union, but higher than those occurring in community rugby in tier-1 countries. The authors believe these data reinforce the need to develop and implement effective injury surveillance and prevention programs.

Injury and Player Availability in Women’s International Pathway Cricket from 2015 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 944-950
Author(s):  
Luke Goggins ◽  
Anna Warren ◽  
Danni Smart ◽  
Susan Dale ◽  
Nicholas Peirce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Part Time

AbstractThis prospective cohort study aimed to describe injury and illness epidemiology within women’s international pathway cricket, understanding what influences player availability in this unique context where players are contracted part-time. Approximately 8.4% of players were impacted by injury or illness during the year, with an average 2.3% of players completely unavailable on any given day. Most medical complaints occurred during training (111.2 injuries/100 players per year). Of all complaints, medical illness had the highest overall incidence (45.0 complaints/100 players), followed by hand injuries (24.7 injuries/100 players). Gradual onset injuries were most common. Overall average match time-loss complaint prevalence rate was 4.1% and average match time-loss injury incidence rate was 7.0 injuries/1000 days of play. Fielding (56.4 injuries/100 players per year) was the activity resulting in the highest average overall and time-loss injury incidence rates, though ‘other’ activities (e. g. those occurring outside of cricket participation) collectively accounted for 78.3 injuries/100 players per year. The high incidence of medical illness relative to other complaints may be a distinct feature of the women’s cricket international pathway compared to other cricket samples. The high occurrence of injuries arising from ‘other’ activities, likely due to part-time participation, presents an opportunity for targeted injury prevention strategies.• The first study on an international women’s cricket pathway, contributes to the empirical base for specific injury risks associated with the women’s cricket game, which is an emerging research area for a developing sport.• Some of the findings may be a distinct feature of the women’s cricket international pathway, highlighting potential opportunities for targeted prevention strategies.• With the upcoming development of an elite domestic structure these preliminary findings will provide a good starting point for physiotherapy and medical staff working in these contexts.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Foot and Ankle Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Ice Hockey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596711986590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Crowley ◽  
David P. Trofa ◽  
J. Turner Vosseller ◽  
Prakash Gorroochurn ◽  
Lauren H. Redler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hockey Players

Background: Ice hockey is a high-speed contact sport in which athletes are prone to many different injuries. While past studies have examined overall injury rates in ice hockey, foot and ankle injuries among collegiate ice hockey players have yet to be analyzed. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries among collegiate ice hockey players utilizing data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program. We hypothesized that male ice hockey players would sustain more injuries compared with female ice hockey players and that the injuries sustained would be more severe. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data on all foot and ankle injuries sustained during the academic years 2004 through 2014 were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Injury rates, rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% CIs. Results: Over the study period, the overall rate of foot and ankle injuries for men was higher than that for women (413 vs 103 injuries, respectively; RR, 4.01 [95% CI, 3.23-4.97]). Injury rates were highest during the regular season for both men (358 injuries; RR, 64.78 [95% CI, 58.07-71.49]) and women (89 injuries; RR, 38.37 [95% CI, 30.40-46.35]) compared with the preseason or postseason. The most common injury in men was a foot and/or toe contusion (22.5%), while women most commonly sustained a low ankle sprain (31.1%). For men, foot and/or toe contusions accounted for the most non–time loss (≤24 hours ) and moderate time-loss (2-13 days) injuries, while high ankle sprains accounted for the most severe time-loss (≥14 days) injuries. For women, foot and/or toe contusions accounted for the most non–time loss injuries, low ankle sprains accounted for the most moderate time-loss injuries, and high ankle sprains accounted for the most severe time-loss injuries. Conclusion: Foot and ankle injuries were frequent among collegiate ice hockey players during the period studied. For men, contusions were the most commonly diagnosed injury, although high ankle sprains resulted in the most significant time lost. For women, low ankle sprains were the most common and resulted in the most moderate time lost. These findings may direct future injury prevention and guide improvements in ice skate design.

Epidemiology of injuries in juniors participating in top-level karate competition: a prospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušana Čierna ◽  
Merce Barrientos ◽  
Carlos Agrasar ◽  
Rafael Arriaza
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Junior Athletes

BackgroundKarate is a popular combat semi-contact sport among juniors, but there are only few studies available on the epidemiology of injuries in karate junior athletes.AimThe aims of this study were to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries in top-level karate competition for athletes aged 16 to 20 years, and to compare injury rates between age groups (ie, under 18-year-old [U18] and under 21-year-old [U21]) and genders, following the introduction of new weight categories.MethodsA prospective injury surveillance was undertaken at four consecutive World Karate Championships (2009 to 2015), following the same protocols used in previous investigations.ResultsDuring the four championships, a total of 257 injuries were recorded, with an incidence of 41.4/1,000 athlete exposures (AEs, 95% CI 36.4 to 46.3). The injury rate was significantly lower for females with a rate ratio 0.63 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.82). Most of the injuries were minor ones: contusions (n=100), followed by abrasions (n=63) and epistaxis (n=62). Only 10% of the injuries were time-loss injuries (injury incidence rates 4.2/1,000 AEs; 95% CI 2.7 to 6.1). Face injuries represented 69.6% of the injuries, most of them were minor ones (light abrasions 24.5%, epistaxis 24.1%, contusion 16.7%). Change of rules (raising the number of weight categories from three to five) reduced injury incidence in the U21 category.ConclusionsThe total injury rate in junior competitions is lower compared with elite adult athletes and higher compared with younger elite athletes. Time-loss injuries are rare. The implementation of the new competition categories in U21 karate has been associated with a significant reduction in injury rate.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Metods Ankle Joint

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 390-397
Author(s):  
S. Dzhumabekov ◽  
U. Nasirov ◽  
U. Nazirov
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Radiological Methods

103 patients with ankle injuries were examined. 81.3% of patients complained of pain. In 78.0% of patients, joint function was impaired, in 58.8% — joint deformation, in 72.9% — swelling in the joint area, in 79.6% — soreness in the projection of interbercular syndesmosis, in 87.7% — different severity of joint movement restriction. When analyzing radiographs, fractures of one or two ankles, foot subvisions both outside and behind, fractures of the posterior edge of the tibia were detected. The Foot and Ankle Disease Assessment Scale of the American Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Association (AOFAS) was used to objectively assess the functional state of the ankle joint. Known clinical and radiological methods of examination of the ankle joint make it possible for a person skilled in the art to detect damage to both the bone structure and the ligament apparatus. However, for objective assessment of the functional state of the ankle joint and foot, it is recommended to use scales of clinical assessment of the ankle joint state.

scholarly journals SEX AND AGE-BASED DIFFERENCES IN PEDIATRIC BASKETBALL INJURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0015
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Zynda ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Meagan J. Sabatino ◽  
Jane S. Chung ◽  
Shane M. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injury ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Notable Increase

Background: There is limited epidemiologic data on pediatric basketball injuries and the correlation of these injuries with sex-based differences pre- and post-adolescence. Purpose: To describe sex and age-based injury rates associated with common pediatric basketball injuries. Methods: A descriptive epidemiology study was conducted utilizing publicly available injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) and participation data from the National Sporting Goods Association (NSGA). Data on pediatric basketball injuries from January 2012 – December 2018 in patients ages 7-17 years were extracted and used to calculate national injury incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Over 7 years, 9,582 basketball injuries were reported annually in the NEISS in pediatric patients 7-17 years old, which corresponds to an annual national estimate of 294,920 visits. The 5 most common diagnoses were ankle strain/sprain (17.7%), finger strain/sprain and finger fracture (12.1%), concussion/head injury (9.4%), knee strain/sprain (4.5%), and facial laceration (3.3%). There was a notable increase in injury rate in adolescents when compared with childhood ages; 7- to 11-year-old category accounted for 19.1% of estimated injuries (56,242 injuries per year) and the 12- to 17-year-old category accounted for 80.9% (238,678 injuries per year). While boys accounted for the majority of injuries in both age groups [72.6% of all injuries (40,824 injuries per year) in the 7- to 11-year-old category and 74.4% of all injuries (177,572 injuries per year) in the 12- to 17-year-old category], overall, there was no significant difference in injury rate between boys and girls (boys: 91 injuries per 100,000 athlete days, 95% CI = 73-109; girls: 110 injuries per 100,000 athlete days, 95% CI = 92-128; p=0.140). Overall injury rates across the two age groups are reported in Table 1. Head injuries/concussions were a frequent cause of presentation (second only to finger injuries) in 7- to 11-year-olds, and occurred at a similar rate in girls and boys. In adolescents, ankle injuries were the most common injury overall, but there was a most notable increase in the rate of girls’ head and knee injury compared with their boy counterparts within these ages (Table 1). Conclusions: Ankle injuries continue to be the most predominant pediatric basketball injury. However, disproportionate rates of girls’ head and knee injuries during adolescent basketball suggest that style of play and knee injury prevention programs should target girls participating in youth basketball. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Temporal trends in incidence of time-loss injuries in four male professional North American sports over 13 seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett S. Bullock ◽  
Elizabeth Murray ◽  
Jake Vaughan ◽  
Stefan Kluzek
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
The Third

AbstractSports-related injuries increase healthcare cost burden, and in some instances have harmful long term physical and psychological implications. There is currently a lack of comprehensive data on temporal injury trends across professional North American sports. The purpose of this study was to compare temporal trends, according to incidence and time-loss injuries, by body part in professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey. Public injury data from Major League Baseball, National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League from 2007 to December 2019 were extracted and used. A mean of 62.49 injuries per 100 players per season was recorded for all professional sports. The groin/hip/thigh reported the greatest season proportional injury incidence for baseball, football, and ice hockey, with the groin/hip/thigh as the third highest injury incidence in basketball. When stratifying by more specific body part groupings, the knee demonstrated the greatest injury proportional incidence for basketball, football, and ice hockey, with the knee as the third highest proportional injury incidence for baseball. There was an increased in basketball ankle injuries following 2011–2012 season. Football and ice hockey reported the greatest concussion proportion incidence, with football demonstrating an increase in concussions over time, and a substantial increase in concussions from the 2014 to 2015 season. These publicly extracted data and findings can be used as a shared resource for professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey for future individual and across sport collaborations concerning resource allocation and decision making in order to improve player health.

Incidence and Epidemiology of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite Collegiate Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Hunt ◽  
Daniel Hurwit ◽  
Kevin Robell ◽  
Corey Gatewood ◽  
Itamar B. Botser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Cross Country

Background: Foot and ankle injuries are increasing in competitive professional and collegiate athletics. Many of these injuries result in considerable missed time from sports and often require surgical intervention. To develop and implement effective practice participation strategies, return-to-play protocols, and injury prevention programs, an understanding of injury trends and epidemiology is vital. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of foot and ankle injuries in elite athletes participating in 37 sports at a single National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division 1 institution. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: We evaluated the injury records of all varsity sports at a single NCAA Division 1 athletics program, including 1076 athletes participating in 37 sports. Detailed injury data were prospectively collected in a secure electronic database over a 2-year period. We reviewed the database for all foot/ankle injuries. Inclusion criteria were any foot/ankle injury that was sustained during an NCAA-sanctioned event and subsequently received medical treatment. Independent variables included athlete and injury demographics, missed days, physician visits, imaging results, and whether the injury required surgery. Injury incidence, relative frequency distributions, and sample proportions were dependent metrics for this investigation. Results: During the study period, a total of 3861 total musculoskeletal injuries were recorded. There were 1035 foot/ankle injuries (27%). Of all foot/ankle injuries, 21% (218 of 1035) caused the athlete to miss at least 1 day of participation, with an average of 12.3 days of time loss from sport. Furthermore, 27% of athletes with foot/ankle injuries were referred for office evaluation by a physician, and 84% of these required radiologic imaging. The overall injury incidence rate was 3.80 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The 4 sports with the highest incidence rate (>75th percentile) were women’s gymnastics, women’s cross-country, women’s soccer, and men’s cross country. The most frequently occurring foot/ankle injuries were ankle ligament injuries, tendinopathies or fasciopathies, and bone stress injuries. Conclusion: The prevalence of foot/ankle injury in a large NCAA Division 1 athletics program was 27% of total musculoskeletal injuries over a 2-year period, with 21% of these injuries resulting in missed time. There were significantly higher foot and ankle injury incidence rates and more missed time in female athletes and women’s sports.

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