scholarly journals Physicochemical Variation in Nanogold-Based Ayurved Medicine Suvarna Bhasma Produced by Various Manufacturers Lead to Different In Vivo Bioaccumulation Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110110
Author(s):  
Snehasis Biswas ◽  
Mukesh Chawda ◽  
Kapil Thakur ◽  
Ramacharya Gudi ◽  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Gold Concentration ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
General Appearance ◽  
Ionic Gold

Suvarna Bhasma (SB) is a gold particle-based medicine that is used in Ayurved to treat tuberculosis, arthritis and nervous diseases. Traditionally, the Ayurved preparation processes of SB do exist, but they are all long, tedious and involve several steps. Due to this, there is a possibility of bypassing the necessary Ayurved processes or non-adherence to all steps or use of synthetic gold particles. Our aim is to characterize 5 commercial SB preparations from 5 different manufacturers. A comparative physicochemical, pharmacokinetic (PK) and bioaccumulation study was carried out on all the 5 SB preparations. The general appearance such as color and texture of these 5 samples were different from each other. The size, shape and gold concentration (from 32-98 wt%) varied among all the 5 SBs. The accumulation of ionic gold in zebrafish and gold concentration profiles in rat blood were found to be significantly different for all the 5 SBs. Non-compartmental PK model obtained from the concentration-time profile showed significant differences in various PK parameters such as peak concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2) and terminal elimination slope (λz) for all the 5 SB preparations. SB-B showed the highest Cmax (8.55 μg/L), whereas SB-D showed the lowest Cmax (4.66 μg/L). The dissolution of ionic gold from SBs in zebrafish tissue after the oral dose had a 5.5-fold difference between the highest and lowest ionic gold concentrations. All the 5 samples showed distinct physicochemical and biological properties. Based on characteristic microscopic morphology, it was found that 2 preparations among them were suspected of being manufactured by non-adherence to the mentioned Ayurved references.

scholarly journals PHARMACODYNAMICS EFFECT OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE TABLETS ON THE SERUM CONCENTRATION OF ANNEXIN A1: IN VIVO COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GENERIC AND INNOVATOR DRUG

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Hansen Nasif ◽  
Henny Lucida ◽  
Yanwirasti Yanwirasti ◽  
Yufri Aldi ◽  
Yori Yuliandra
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Generic Products

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the comparative pharmacodynamics effect of methylprednisolone (MP) innovator, MP branded generic, and MP generic products to the serum concentration of annexin A1 (AnxA1).Methods: It was conducted by two-way crossover design in male rabbits. AnxA1 was measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h after the administration of the drugs. The peak concentration (Cmax), the time at which the peak concentration was achieved (Tmax), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were also determined.Results: The highest concentration and widest AUC of AnxA1 were obtained in MP innovator drug. MP innovator and branded generic reaches the peak time (Tmax) at the third 3rd h, while the MP generic reaches the peak time at the 5th h. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the serum concentration of AnxA1 between MP tablets after analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the innovator drug of MP tablet gave the same effect on the serum concentration of AnxA1 than its generic counterparts, but an onset of action MP innovator and branded generic is faster than the generic product.

scholarly journals Kill kinetics and regrowth patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to concentration-time profiles of tobramycin simulating in vivo infusion and bolus dosing.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1324
Author(s):  
P J Wood ◽  
L L Ioannides-Demos ◽  
E B Bastone ◽  
W J Spicer ◽  
A J McLean
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Bacteriostatic Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Initial Profile ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Concentration Time

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was exposed to tobramycin concentration-time profiles modelling in vivo bolus and infusion dosing. Dependence of bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity on the initial profile of peak concentration (bolus effect > infusion) and area under the antibiotic concentration-time curve was observed at peak concentration/MIC ratios of 10 or below.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin in Maternal, Umbilical Cord, and Neonatal Sera

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1574-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk E. Muller ◽  
Paul M. Oostvogel ◽  
Joost DeJongh ◽  
Johan W. Mouton ◽  
Eric A. P. Steegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin were studied in umbilical cord and neonatal sera relative to maternal concentrations in prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus infection. The subjects were 44 pregnant women receiving amoxicillin as 1 or 2 g as an intravenous infusion. To measure the concentrations, blood samples were obtained from the mother, the arterial and venous umbilical cord, and the neonate. The pharmacokinetics were characterized by a five-compartment model by using nonlinear mixed-effects (population) modeling. The population estimates for the clearance, central volume of distribution, and the two peripheral maternal volumes of distribution were 19.7 ± 0.99 liters/h, 6.40 ± 0.61 liters, and 5.88 ± 0.83 liters (mean ± standard error), respectively. The volume of distribution of the venous umbilical cord and the neonatal volume of distribution were 3.40 liters and 11.9 liters, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were used to simulate the concentration-time profiles in maternal, venous umbilical cord, and neonatal sera. The peak concentration in the venous umbilical cord serum was 18% of the maternal peak concentration. It was reached 3.3 min after the maternal peak concentration. The concentration-time profile in neonatal serum was determined by the profile in venous umbilical cord serum, which in turn depended on the profile in maternal serum. Furthermore, the simulated concentrations in maternal, venous umbilical cord, and neonatal sera exceeded the MIC for group B streptococcus for more than 90% of the 4-h dosing interval. In a first approximation, the 2-g infusion to the mother appears to be adequate for the prevention of group B streptococcal disease. However, to investigate the efficacy of the prophylaxis, further studies of the interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics are indicated.

scholarly journals ComparativeIn VitroandIn VivoEfficacies of Human Simulated Doses of Ceftazidime and Ceftazidime-Avibactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6137-6146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared L. Crandon ◽  
Virna J. Schuck ◽  
Mary Anne Banevicius ◽  
Marie-Eve Beaudoin ◽  
Wright W. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice

ABSTRACTThe combination of ceftazidime and avibactam possesses potent activity against resistant Gram-negative pathogens, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa. We compared the efficacies of human simulated doses of ceftazidime and ceftazidime-avibactam using a hollow-fiber system and neutropenic and immunocompetent murine thigh infection models. Twenty-seven clinicalP. aeruginosaisolates with ceftazidime MICs of 8 to 128 mg/liter and ceftazidime-avibactam MICs of 4 to 32 mg/liter were utilized in neutropenic mouse studies; 15 of the isolates were also evaluated in immunocompetent mice. Six isolates were studied in both the hollow-fiber system and the neutropenic mouse. In both systems, the free drug concentration-time profile seen in humans given 2 g of ceftazidime every 8 h (2-h infusion), with or without avibactam at 500 mg every 8 h (2-h infusion), was evaluated.In vivoactivity was pharmacodynamically predictable based on the MIC. Ceftazidime decreased bacterial densities by ≥0.5 log unit for 10/27 isolates, while ceftazidime-avibactam did so for 22/27 isolates. In immunocompetent animals, enhancements in activity were seen for both drugs, with ceftazidime achieving reductions of ≥0.3 log unit for 10/15 isolates, whereas ceftazidime-avibactam did so against all 15 isolates.In vitro, ceftazidime resulted in regrowth by 24 h against all isolates, while ceftazidime-avibactam achieved stasis or better against 4/7 isolates. Mutants with elevated ceftazidime-avibactam MICs appeared after 24 h from 3/7 isolates studiedin vitro; however, no resistant mutants were detectedin vivo. Against this highly ceftazidime-nonsusceptible population ofP. aeruginosa, treatment with human simulated doses of ceftazidime-avibactam resulted in pharmacodynamically predictable activity, particularlyin vivo, against isolates with MICs of ≤16 mg/liter, and this represents a potential new option to combat these difficult-to-treat pathogens.

scholarly journals PHARMACODYNAMICS EFFECT OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE TABLETS ON THE SERUM CONCENTRATION OF ANNEXIN A1: IN VIVO COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GENERIC AND INNOVATOR DRUG

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Hansen Nasif ◽  
Henny Lucida ◽  
Yanwirasti Yanwirasti ◽  
Yufri Aldi ◽  
Yori Yuliandra
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Generic Products

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the comparative pharmacodynamics effect of methylprednisolone (MP) innovator, MP branded generic, and MP generic products to the serum concentration of annexin A1 (AnxA1).Methods: It was conducted by two-way crossover design in male rabbits. AnxA1 was measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h after the administration of the drugs. The peak concentration (Cmax), the time at which the peak concentration was achieved (Tmax), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were also determined.Results: The highest concentration and widest AUC of AnxA1 were obtained in MP innovator drug. MP innovator and branded generic reaches the peak time (Tmax) at the third 3rd h, while the MP generic reaches the peak time at the 5th h. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the serum concentration of AnxA1 between MP tablets after analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the innovator drug of MP tablet gave the same effect on the serum concentration of AnxA1 than its generic counterparts, but an onset of action MP innovator and branded generic is faster than the generic product.

Nanodrugs as a new approach in therapy of cardiovascular diseases and cancer with tumor-associated angiogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Hajtuch ◽  
Karolina Niska ◽  
Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Functionalized Materials

Background: Cancer along with cardiovascular diseases are globally defined as leading causes of death. Importantly, some risk factors are common to these diseases. The process of angiogenesis and platelets aggregation are observed in cancer development and progression. In recent years, studies have been conducted on nanodrugs in these diseases that have provided important information on the biological and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. Their attractive features are that they are made of biocompatible, well-characterized and easily functionalized materials. Unlike conventional drug delivery, sustained and controlled drug release can be obtained by using nanomaterials. Methods: In this article, we review the latest research to provide comprehensive information on nanoparticle-based drugs for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease associated with abnormal haemostasis, and the inhibition of tumorassociated angiogenesis. Results: The results of the analysis of data based on nanoparticles with drugs confirm their improved pharmaceutical and biological properties, which gives promising antiplatelet, anticoagulant and antiangiogenic effects. Moreover, the review included in vitro, in vivo research and presented nanodrugs with chemotherapeutics approved by Food and Drug Administration. Conclusion: By the optimization of nanoparticles size and surface properties, nanotechnology are able to deliver drugs with enhanced bioavailability in treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer and inhibition of cancer-related angiogenesis. Thus, nanotechnology can improve the therapeutic efficacy of the drug, but there is a need for a better understanding of the nanodrugs interaction in the human body, because this is a key factor in the success of potential nanotherapeutics.

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