scholarly journals Transcriptional profiling analysis of Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mold, unravels an inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in response to citral

BMC Genomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuli OuYang ◽  
Nengguo Tao ◽  
Guoxing Jing
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Profiling Analysis

scholarly journals Citronellal Exerts Its Antifungal Activity by Targeting Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Penicillium digitatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Qiuli OuYang ◽  
Yangmei Liu ◽  
Okwong Reymick Oketch ◽  
Miaoling Zhang ◽  
Xingfeng Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Erg Genes

Ergosterol (ERG) is a potential target for the development of antifungal agents against Penicillium digitatum, the pathogen of green mold in citrus fruits. This study examined the mechanism by which citronellal, a typical terpenoid of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil, acts on ergosterol to exhibit its antifungal activity against P. digitatum. We previously reported that citronellal inhibited the growth of P. digitatum with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 1.36 and 2.72 mg/mL, respectively. In citronellal-treated cells, the membrane integrity and ergosterol contents significantly decreased, whereas lanosterol, which serves as a precursor for ergosterol biosynthesis, massively accumulated. Addition of 150 mg/L of exogenous ergosterol decreased the inhibitory rate of citronellal, restoring the ergosterol content and hence the membrane structure to normal levels, and triggered expression of nearly all ERG genes. Based on our findings, we deduce that citronellal damages the cell membrane integrity of P. digitatum by down-regulating the ERG genes responsible for conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, the key downregulated gene being ERG3, due to the observed accumulation of ergosta-7,22-dienol.

scholarly journals Potential of the Mycoparasite, Verticillium lecanii, to Protect Citrus Fruit Against Penicillium digitatum, the Causal Agent of Green Mold: A Comparison with the Effect of Chitosan

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Benhamou
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Gold Complex ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

The potential of the mycoparasite, Verticillium lecanii, at protecting citrus fruits against green mold was explored at the cellular level. Treatmentthe fruit with V. lecanii or chitosan prior to inoculation with the causal agent of green mold, Penicillium digitatum, markedly reduced disease development compared with that of nontreated control citrus fruits in which symptoms were visible by 3 days after inoculation with the pathogen. Scanning electron microscope investigations of citrus samples, collected 5 days after inoculation with the pathogen, revealed striking differences in the extent of cell surface colonization between treated and nontreated fruits. Pathogen hyphae, which sporulated abundantly at the surface of control fruits, were collapsed and severely damaged in V. lecanii and chitosan-treated fruits. Histological observations of citrus samples confirmed that restriction of pathogen colonization at the cell surface correlated with a pronounced disorganization of the pathogen hyphae. In addition, host cell changes, mainly characterized by the deposition of a new material in the exocarp cells and the thickening of cell walls, were observed. Ultrastructural investigations of citrus samples revealed that the pathogen multiplied abundantly through much of the mesocarp and exocarp tissues in V. lecanii-free citrus fruits, whereas in V. lecanii-treated citrus, pathogen growth was restricted. Penicillium hyphae that penetrated the mesocarp tissue were markedly altered. Labeling with the wheat germ agglutinin/ovomucoid-gold complex for the localization of chitin resulted in an irregular labeling of Penicillium cell walls, even at a time when in an irregular labeling of Penicillium cell walls, even at a time when these were markedly altered. Cytochemical investigations revealed that callose and lignin-like compounds accumulated at sites of pathogen colonization in the exocarp tissue. Evidence is provided in this study that V. lecanii as well as chitosan are equally capable of inducing a striking response in P. digitatum-infected citrus fruits. The marked differences observed in the rate and extent of colonization as well as in pathogen cell viability between control and treated citrus fruits demonstrate that both treatments have the ability to induce the transcriptional activation of defense genes leading to the accumulation of structural and biochemical compounds at strategic sites.

Transcriptional profiling analysis of OsDT11-mediated ABA-dependent signal pathway for drought tolerance in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-626
Author(s):  
Man Zhao ◽  
Yanhu Ju ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
LIli Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Dependent Signal ◽  
Profiling Analysis

scholarly journals Analysis of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway cloning, molecular characterization and phylogeny of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (ERG11) gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geruza de Oliveira Ceita ◽  
Laurival Antônio Vilas-Boas ◽  
Marcelo Santos Castilho ◽  
Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle ◽  
Carlos Priminho Pirovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Moniliophthora Perniciosa

scholarly journals Pseudomonas Isolates as Potential Biofungicides of Green Mold (Penicillium Digitatum) on Orange Fruit

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Redouan Qessaoui ◽  
Mariem Zanzan ◽  
Abdelhadi Ajerrar ◽  
Hind Lahmyed ◽  
Ahmed Boumair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Orange Fruit

scholarly journals An Antifungal Benzimidazole Derivative Inhibits Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Reveals Novel Sterols

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6296-6307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Keller ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Isabel Engelhardt ◽  
Ekkehard Hiller ◽  
Karin Lemuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivative ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACTFungal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and death for hospitalized patients, mainly because they remain difficult to diagnose and to treat. Diseases range from widespread superficial infections such as vulvovaginal infections to life-threatening systemic candidiasis. For systemic mycoses, only a restricted arsenal of antifungal agents is available. Commonly used classes of antifungal compounds include azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. Due to emerging resistance to standard therapies, significant side effects, and high costs for several antifungals, there is a need for new antifungals in the clinic. In order to expand the arsenal of compounds with antifungal activity, we previously screened a compound library using a cell-based screening assay. A set of novel benzimidazole derivatives, including (S)-2-(1-aminoisobutyl)-1-(3-chlorobenzyl)benzimidazole (EMC120B12), showed high antifungal activity against several species of pathogenic yeasts, includingCandida glabrataandCandida krusei(species that are highly resistant to antifungals). In this study, comparative analysis of EMC120B12 versus fluconazole and nocodazole, using transcriptional profiling and sterol analysis, strongly suggested that EMC120B12 targets Erg11p in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway and not microtubules, like other benzimidazoles. In addition to the marker sterol 14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3β,6α-diol, indicating Erg11p inhibition, related sterols that were hitherto unknown accumulated in the cells during EMC120B12 treatment. The novel sterols have a 3β,6α-diol structure. In addition to the identification of novel sterols, this is the first time that a benzimidazole structure has been shown to result in a block of the ergosterol pathway.

scholarly journals Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of ergosterol biosynthesis during the fruiting process of Flammulina velutipes

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Wang ◽  
Pengda Ma ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Lingang Xiao ◽  
Zongsuo Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Regulatory Relationship ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Hiv Drugs

Abstract Background Flammulina velutipes has been recognized as a useful basidiomycete with nutritional and medicinal values. Ergosterol, one of the main sterols of F. velutipes is an important precursor of novel anticancer and anti-HIV drugs. Therefore, many studies have focused on the biosynthesis of ergosterol and have attempted to upregulate its content in multiple organisms. Great progress has been made in understanding the regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, this molecular mechanism in F. velutipes remains largely uncharacterized. Results In this study, nine cDNA libraries, prepared from mycelia, young fruiting bodies and mature fruiting bodies of F. velutipes (three replicate sets for each stage), were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 platform, resulting in at least 6.63 Gb of clean reads from each library. We studied the changes in genes and metabolites in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway of F. velutipes during the development of fruiting bodies. A total of 13 genes (6 upregulated and 7 downregulated) were differentially expressed during the development from mycelia to young fruiting bodies (T1), while only 1 gene (1 downregulated) was differentially expressed during the development from young fruiting bodies to mature fruiting bodies (T2). A total of 7 metabolites (3 increased and 4 reduced) were found to have changed in content during T1, and 4 metabolites (4 increased) were found to be different during T2. A conjoint analysis of the genome-wide connection network revealed that the metabolites that were more likely to be regulated were primarily in the post-squalene pathway. Conclusions This study provides useful information for understanding the regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis and the regulatory relationship between metabolites and genes in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway during the development of fruiting bodies in F. velutipes.

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