Genetic characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli from China, 2015–2017

Abstract Background The molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREco) remain unclear. Methods We conducted a multi-center bacterial resistance monitoring project from 2015 to 2017.The minimum inhibitory concentrations ofCREco were determined bybroth microdilution method. The genome sequencing of CREcoisolates was performed, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was analyzed. Results A total of 144CREcoisolatescollected from 10 cities in China were involved in this study. ST167 (n = 43) is the most popular type, followed by ST410(n = 14), ST131(n = 9). There were 102 (70.83%) CREco isolates that produced various NDMs, including NDM-1 (n = 16), NDM-4(n = 1), NDM-5(n = 79), NDM-6(n = 2) and NDM-9(n = 4). In addition, 15 isolates produced KPC-2, three isolates wereIMP-4 positive, and three isolates produced OXA-48. Genetic relatedness and phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates with the same ST had a high degree of homology. Some STs (including ST167, ST410, ST131, ST46, ST405 and ST617) exhibited a trend of outbreak. Conclusions The majority of CREco belonged to ST167, followed by ST410 and ST131, and most of them carried various NDM-coding genes. The spread of high-risk clones of CREco has occurred in different regions of China.

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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of mcr-1-positive multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST93, ST117, ST156, ST10, and ST744 isolated from poultry in Poland

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s42770-021-00538-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Ćwiek ◽

Anna Woźniak-Biel ◽

Magdalena Karwańska ◽

Magdalena Siedlecka ◽

Christine Lammens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background A plasmid-mediated mechanism of bacterial resistance to polymyxin is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes and to conduct the molecular characterization of mcr-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from Polish poultry. Methods In this study, 318 E. coli strains were characterized by the prevalence of mcr1–mcr5 genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by minimal inhibitory concentration method, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was screened by PCR, and the biofilm formation ability was tested using the crystal violet staining method. Genetic relatedness of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing method. Results Among the 318 E. coli isolates, 17 (5.35%) harbored the mcr-1 gene. High antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.24%), and chloramphenicol (82.35%). All mcr-1-positive E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant, and as many as 88.24% of the isolates contained the blaTEM gene, tetracycline (tetA and tetB), and sulfonamide (sul1, sul2, and sul3) resistance genes. Additionally, 41.18% of multidrug-resistant, mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates were moderate biofilm producers, while the rest of the strains showed weak biofilm production. Nine different sequence types were identified, and the dominant ST was ST93 (29.41%), followed by ST117 (17.65%), ST156 (11.76%), ST 8979 (11.76%), ST744 (5.88%), and ST10 (5.88%). Moreover, the new ST was identified in this study. Conclusions Our results showed a low occurrence of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains isolated from Polish poultry; however, all the isolated strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and were able to form biofilms at low or medium level.

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A single nucleotide polymorphism-based technique for specific characterization of YO and YN isolates of Potato virus Y (PVY).

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.01.003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 83-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Emmanuel Jacquot ◽

Michel Tribodet ◽

Flora Croizat ◽

Valérie Balme-Sinibaldi ◽

Camille Kerlan

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Potato Virus ◽

Potato Virus Y ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide

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Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and functional characterization of the human Ah receptor (AhR) gene promoter

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics ◽

10.1016/j.abb.2003.10.005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 421 (1) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Judith Racky ◽

Hans-Joachim Schmitz ◽

Hans-Martin Kauffmann ◽

Dieter Schrenk

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Gene Promoter ◽

Ah Receptor ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Ahr Gene

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Analysis Shows That Vaccination Can Limit the Number and Diversity of Recombinant Progeny of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Viruses from the United States

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01822-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (23) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos A. Loncoman ◽

Carol A. Hartley ◽

Mauricio J. C. Coppo ◽

Glenn F. Browning ◽

Gabriela Beltrán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Viral Replication ◽

The United States ◽

Snp Genotyping ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Genotyping Assay ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

ABSTRACT Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILTV; Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1) causes mild to severe respiratory disease in poultry worldwide. Recombination in this virus under natural (field) conditions was first described in 2012 and more recently has been studied under laboratory conditions. Previous studies have revealed that natural recombination is widespread in ILTV and have also demonstrated that recombination between two attenuated ILTV vaccine strains generated highly virulent viruses that produced widespread disease within poultry flocks in Australia. In the United States, natural ILTV recombination has also been detected, but not as frequently as in Australia. To better understand recombination in ILTV strains originating from the United States, we developed a TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay to detect recombination between two virulent U.S. field strains of ILTV (63140 and 1874c5) under experimental in vivo conditions. We also tested the capacity of the Innovax-ILT vaccine (a recombinant vaccine using herpesvirus of turkeys as a vector) and the Trachivax vaccine (a conventionally attenuated chicken embryo origin vaccine) to reduce recombination. The Trachivax vaccine prevented ILTV replication, and therefore recombination, in the trachea after challenge. The Innovax-ILT vaccine allowed the challenge viruses to replicate and to recombine, but at a significantly lower rate than in an unvaccinated group of birds. Our results demonstrate that the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay is a useful tool to study recombination between these ILTV strains and also show that vaccination can limit the number and diversity of recombinant progeny viruses. IMPORTANCE Recombination allows alphaherpesviruses to evolve over time and become more virulent. Historically, characterization of viral vaccines in poultry have mainly focused on limiting clinical disease, rather than limiting virus replication, but such approaches can allow field viruses to persist and evolve in vaccinated populations. In this study, we vaccinated chickens with Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 vaccines that are commercially available in the United States and then performed coinoculations with two field strains of virus to measure the ability of the vaccines to prevent field strains from replicating and recombining. We found that vaccination reduced viral replication, recombination, and diversity compared to those in unvaccinated chickens, although the extent to which this occurred differed between vaccines. We suggest that characterization of vaccines could include studies to examine the ability of vaccines to reduce viral recombination in order to limit the rise of new virulent field strains due to recombination, especially for those vaccines that are known not to prevent viral replication following challenge.

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