scholarly journals Effect of drops containing Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) on plaque acidogenicity and other caries-related variables in orthodontic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahal Alforaidi ◽  
Andrea Bresin ◽  
Naif Almosa ◽  
Anna Lehrkinder ◽  
Peter Lingström
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Plaque Ph ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Abstract Background The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on biofilm acidogenicity and on the number of salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients. Methods This RCT was conducted on 28 young adults who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. The short-term prospective clinical trial lasted for three weeks. The test group rinsed daily with drops containing two Lactobacillus reuteri strains diluted in water, while the placebo group used drops without probiotics. The subjects were enrolled eight months since the beginning of orthodontic treatment. Plaque-pH, saliva and dental biofilm samples were obtained at baseline, one week and three weeks post intervention. Results Twenty-seven subjects successfully completed the trial period, only one drop out in the test group. No side effects were reported. A statistically significant increase in plaque pH at three weeks post-intervention was found for the test group (p < 0.05), while insignificant changes in the pH value were found for the placebo group in comparison to baseline (p > 0.05). In addition, the AUC7.0 showed a significant difference at three weeks between the test and placebo (p = 0.00002). The three-week samples of stimulated whole saliva showed a statistically insignificant difference in the number of S. mutans and lactobacilli between the two groups (p > 0.05). The qPCR analysis showed the ability of the two strains to get colonized in the dental biofilm without a significant effect on the microbial counts. Conclusion/clinical implications A mixture of Lactobacillus reuteri has the ability to reduce the pH fall at the three-week follow-up. However, the short-term use of probiotics does not appear to have an effect on the number of salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in saliva and on the dental biofilm. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov (Identifier: NCT04593017/ (19/10/2020)).

Fluoride varnish for the prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Sonesson ◽  
Anna Brechter ◽  
Salem Abdulraheem ◽  
Rolf Lindman ◽  
Svante Twetman
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Summary Background Self-applied and professional fluorides are key elements to limit caries-related side-effects during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a new fluoride varnish formula containing 1.5% ammonium fluoride in preventing white spot lesions (WSLs) in adolescents undergoing multi-bracket orthodontic treatment. Subjects and methods The study employed a randomized controlled triple-blinded design with two parallel arms. One hundred eighty-two healthy adolescents (12–18 years) referred to three orthodontic specialist clinics were eligible and consecutively enrolled. Informed consent was obtained from 166 patients and they were randomly allocated to a test or a placebo group (with aid of a computer program, generating sequence numbers in blocks of 15). In the test group, fluoride varnish was applied in a thin layer around the bracket base every sixth week during the orthodontic treatment, while patients in the placebo group received a varnish without fluoride. The intervention started at onset of the fixed appliances and continued until debonding. The endpoint was prevalence and severity of WSLs on the labial surfaces of the maxillary incisors, canines, and premolars as scored from high-resolution pre- and post-treatment digital photos with aid of a four-level score. Results One hundred forty-eight patients completed the trial, 75 in the test group and 73 in the placebo group (dropout rate 10.8%). The total prevalence of WSL’s on subject level after debonding was 41.8% in the test group and 43.8% in the placebo group. The number of patients exhibiting more severe lesions (score 3 + 4) was higher in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.05); the absolute risk reduction was 14% and the number needed to treat was 7.1. Limitations The multicentre design with somewhat diverging routines at the different clinics may have increased risk for performance bias. No health-economic evaluation was carried out. Conclusions Regular applications of an ammonium fluoride varnish reduced the prevalence of advanced WSL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03725020). Protocol The protocol was not published before trial commencement.

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse in Orthodontic Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Sari ◽  
Ilhan Birinci
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, aged 13–18, with fixed orthodontic appliances participated in the study. The levels of S mutans and lactobacilli in saliva samples were evaluated at four stages: at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, at least 2 weeks after the bonding of brackets, 1 week after the introduction of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse, and at the fourth week. The changes in S mutans and lactobacilli levels were analyzed via Wilcoxon test. Results: Increases in bacterial levels of S mutans and lactobacilli were detected after the orthodontic appliances were bonded. A significant decrease in S mutans levels was observed 1 week after the introduction of chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Conclusions: An 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse decreased S mutans levels, but had no effect on lactobacilli levels.

Effect of tablets containing probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus reuteri) on early caries lesions in adolescents: a pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Keller ◽  
I. Nøhr Larsen ◽  
I. Karlsson ◽  
S. Twetman
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Early Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Over Time

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of tablets containing probiotic lactobacilli on early caries lesions in adolescents with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). 36 healthy adolescents of both sexes (12-17 years of age) were enrolled and randomly allocated to a placebo-controlled trial with two parallel groups. The test group received two tablets daily containing two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) for a period of three months, while the control group got identical placebo tablets without live bacteria. The primary outcome was QLF-readings (change in fluorescence, ΔF and lesion area, mm2) at baseline and after 3 months, conducted at two buccal sites of each individual, pre-selected with clearly visible clinical signs of enamel demineralisation (white spots). Significantly more premolars were allocated to the placebo group, while the test group had more incisors (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in fluorescence values between the groups, neither at baseline, nor at the follow-up. There was however a significant decrease in fluorescence over time in the test group, but not in the placebo group (P<0.05). No alterations of the lesion area (ΔA) were found in any group. The inter-examiner intra-class correlation coefficient-value for QLF-readings was excellent. No side- or adverse effects were reported during the intervention period. This pilot study found a significant decrease over time in the test group. However, no statistically significant differences in fluorescence values between the groups were found. Hence, the null hypothesis could not be rejected.

scholarly journals Effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health of periodontally compromised patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenu Gehlot ◽  
Rekha Sharma ◽  
Shikha Tewari ◽  
Davender Kumar ◽  
Ambika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on periodontal parameters in periodontally compromised adult orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Thirty-six periodontally compromised adult patients (mean age: 29.67 ± 4.8 years) were randomly allocated to either test (perio-ortho) or control group (perio). After periodontal stabilization in both groups, orthodontic treatment was started in the test group, whereas the control group remained on periodontal maintenance only. Evaluation and comparison of clinical parameters (plaque index [PI]; gingival index [GI]; bleeding on probing [BOP]; probing depth [PD]; clinical attachment level [CAL]) of both groups was assessed at three time intervals: T0 (base line), T1 (at start of orthodontic treatment), and T2 (1 year after start of orthodontic treatment). Radiological parameters (alveolar bone levels [ABL]) were recorded using CBCT at T1 and T2. Results Intragroup analysis showed statistically significant improvement in all clinical and radiological periodontal parameters in both groups (P ≤ .05). Intergroup comparison revealed improvement in the periodontal parameters was not statistically significant between the groups (P ≥ .05). Subgroup analysis showed reduction in the number of moderate and severe periodontitis sites in both groups with significant more gains in ABL in the test group compared to the control group. Conclusions Orthodontic treatment after periodontal stabilization does not have any detrimental effect on periodontal health in adult periodontally compromised orthodontic patients and may add to the benefits achieved by periodontal treatment alone.

scholarly journals A short-term evaluation of a prototype disposable Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) device in a cohort of children with cystic fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. O’Sullivan ◽  
Valerie Power ◽  
Barry Linnane ◽  
Deirdre McGrath ◽  
Magdalena Mulligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intervention Participant ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Disposable Device ◽  
Positive Expiratory Pressure

Abstract Background Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) devices are important adjuncts to airway clearance therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Current devices are typically reusable and require daily, or often more frequent, cleaning to prevent risk of infection by acting as reservoirs of potentially pathogenic organisms. In response, a daily disposable OPEP device, the UL-OPEP, was developed to mitigate the risk of contamination and eliminate the burdensome need for cleaning devices. Methods A convenience sample of 36 participants, all current OPEP device users, was recruited from a paediatric CF service. For one month, participants replaced their current OPEP device with a novel daily disposable device. Assessment included pre- and post-intervention lung function by spirometry, as well as Lung Clearance Index. Quality of life was assessed using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire – Revised, while user experience was evaluated with a post-study survey. Results 31 participants completed the study: 18 males; median age 10 years, range 4–16 years. Lung function (mean difference ± SD, %FEV1 = 1.69 ± 11.93; %FVC = 0.58 ± 10.04; FEV1: FVC = 0.01 ± 0.09), LCI (mean difference ± SD, 0.08 ± 1.13), six-minute walk test, and CFQ-R were unchanged post-intervention. Participant-reported experiences of the device were predominantly positive. Conclusions The disposable OPEP device maintained patients’ lung function during short term use (≤ 1 month), and was the subject of positive feedback regarding functionality while reducing the risk of airway contamination associated with ineffective cleaning. Registration The study was approved as a Clinical Investigation by the Irish Health Products Regulatory Authority (CRN-2209025-CI0085).

scholarly journals Level of Knowledge, Understanding, and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Continuing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Adults: A Questionnaire Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
RSVM Raghu Ram ◽  
I Ranganayakulu ◽  
K Anand Viswanadh ◽  
TSS Manikanta Kumar ◽  
C Viswa Chaitanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Missed Appointments ◽  
Clinical Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment In Adults ◽  
Status Disclosure ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Objectives: To evaluate the level of knowledge, understanding, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on adult patients regarding their ongoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted on 108 adult patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment at GSL Dental College (GSLDC), India. All the candidates were aged 18 years and above, who were in lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic and devoid of treatment. Results: Among the patients 43.5% were male and 56.5% were female; 22.3% were not at all aware that the COVID-19 virus spreads quickly in a dental setup; 64.8% were definitely willing for their status disclosure and to undergo pretreatment screening; 71.3% were definitely willing to adhere to strict appointment timings for adequate sanitization of the clinical area; 60.2% thought that missed appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic would prolong their overall orthodontic treatment and affect their treatment outcome; and 51.9% were financially affected due to the pandemic. Conclusions: Not all adult orthodontic patients were in knowledge of COVID-19 cross infection. The majority were in a state of understanding and willing to follow infection-eradicating protocols. Patients’ view on overall orthodontic treatment was altered due to the psychological and financial impact of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The perception of COVID-19 among Italian dental patients: an orthodontic point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Martina ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Paolo Faccioni ◽  
Alfredo Iandolo ◽  
Massimo Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Background The present study aimed to investigate the patients’ perception of the dental practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether the pandemic will affect the attendance of orthodontic patients at the dental practice. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was submitted to Italian dental patients with items about their perceived risks when going to the dentist, concerns about continuing orthodontic treatment, and the onset of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A total of 1566 subjects completed the survey, including 486 who were under orthodontic treatment or who had a child in orthodontic treatment. A total of 866 participants (55.3%) thought the risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection was higher in a dental practice; this perception was associated with gender (women more than man), age (over 60 years old) and high levels of distress (P<0.001). However, 894 patients (57.1%) felt comfortable going back to the dentist. Most of the orthodontic patients (84%) would continue their treatment. After the lockdown, there was a slight increase in the frequency of TMD pain (356 versus 334). Conclusions Most of the participants believed that the dental practice is a place at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they continue to go to the dentist. Gender, age, and the level of distress were associated with the increase in the fear of going to the dentist due to COVID-19. Because of the pandemic, 16% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment would not return to the dental practice to continue their orthodontic treatment after the lockdown. The prevalence of TMD pain in the population increased due to the pandemic.

Fluoride Binding to Streptococcus mutans Pellets Rich in Extracellular Polysaccharides

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Leonardo Libardi Pagotto ◽  
Manuela da Silva Spinola ◽  
Diego Figueiredo Nóbrega ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Dental Biofilm

Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), mainly the insoluble ones, increase the cariogenicity of dental biofilm, but whether they interfere with the binding and retention of fluoride is unknown. EPS-rich (EPS+) and EPS-poor (EPS–) pellets of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> were formed and treated with increasing fluoride concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mM). A concentration-dependent fluoride binding was observed in both EPS– and EPS+ pellets, but the presence of EPS did not affect the retention of fluoride in the pellets. In conclusion, the data suggest that a matrix of dental biofilm rich in EPS does not affect fluoride retention in the biofilm.

scholarly journals Trk2 Potassium Transport System in Streptococcus mutans and Its Role in Potassium Homeostasis, Biofilm Formation, and Stress Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursonika Binepal ◽  
Kamal Gill ◽  
Paula Crowley ◽  
Martha Cordova ◽  
L. Jeannine Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Dental Biofilm

ABSTRACTPotassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the fluids of dental biofilm. The biochemical and biophysical functions of K+and a variety of K+transport systems have been studied for most pathogenic bacteria but not for oral pathogens. In this study, we establish the modes of K+acquisition inStreptococcus mutansand the importance of K+homeostasis for its virulence attributes. TheS. mutansgenome harbors four putative K+transport systems that included two Trk-like transporters (designated Trk1 and Trk2), one glutamate/K+cotransporter (GlnQHMP), and a channel-like K+transport system (Kch). Mutants lacking Trk2 had significantly impaired growth, acidogenicity, aciduricity, and biofilm formation. [K+] less than 5 mM eliminated biofilm formation inS. mutans. The functionality of the Trk2 system was confirmed by complementing anEscherichia coliTK2420 mutant strain, which resulted in significant K+accumulation, improved growth, and survival under stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Trk2 is the main facet of the K+-dependent cellular response ofS. mutansto environment stresses.IMPORTANCEBiofilm formation and stress tolerance are important virulence properties of caries-causingStreptococcus mutans. To limit these properties of this bacterium, it is imperative to understand its survival mechanisms. Potassium is the most abundant cation in dental plaque, the natural environment ofS. mutans. K+is known to function in stress tolerance, and bacteria have specialized mechanisms for its uptake. However, there are no reports to identify or characterize specific K+transporters inS. mutans. We identified the most important system for K+homeostasis and its role in the biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and growth. We also show the requirement of environmental K+for the activity of biofilm-forming enzymes, which explains why such high levels of K+would favor biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Predominance of non-Streptococcus mutans bacteria in dental biofilm and its relation to caries progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa M AlEraky ◽  
Marwa Madi ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Jehan AlHumaid ◽  
Sara Fita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Caries Progression
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document