scholarly journals Impact of nanophos in agriculture to improve functional bacterial community and crop productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Chaudhary ◽  
Anuj Chaudhary ◽  
Heena Parveen ◽  
Alka Rani ◽  
Govind Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Protein

Abstract Background Since the World’s population is increasing, it’s critical to boost agricultural productivity to meet the rising demand for food and reduce poverty. Fertilizers are widely used in traditional agricultural methods to improve crop yield, but they have a number of negative environmental consequences such as nutrient losses, decrease fertility and polluted water and air. Researchers have been focusing on alternative crop fertilizers mechanisms to address these issues in recent years and nanobiofertilizers have frequently been suggested. “Nanophos” is a biofertilizer and contains phosphate-solubilising bacteria that solubilises insoluble phosphate and makes it available to the plants for improved growth and productivity as well as maintain soil health. This study evaluated the impact of nanophos on the growth and development of maize plants and its rhizospheric microbial community such as NPK solubilising microbes, soil enzyme activities and soil protein under field condition after 20, 40 and 60 days in randomized block design. Results Maize seeds treated with nanophos showed improvement in germination of seeds, plant height, number of leaves, photosynthetic pigments, total sugar and protein level over control. A higher activity of phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activities and yield were noticed in nanophos treated plants over control. Positive shift in total bacterial count, nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate and potassium solubilizers were observed in the presence of nanophos as compared to control. Soil enzyme activities were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in treated soil and showed moderately correlation between treatments estimated using Spearman rank correlation test. Real time PCR and total soil protein content analysis showed enhanced microbial population in nanophos treated soil. Obtained results showed that nanophos improved the soil microbial population and thus improved the plant growth and productivity. Conclusion The study concluded a stimulating effect of nanophos on Zea mays health and productivity and indicates good response towards total bacterial, NPK solubilising bacteria, soil enzymes, soil protein which equally showed positive response towards soil nutrient status. It can be a potential way to boost soil nutrient use efficiency and can be a better alternative to fertilizers used in the agriculture.

scholarly journals The influence of halophytic compost, farmyard manure and phosphobacteria on soil microflora and enzyme activities

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Balakrishnan ◽  
K. Venkatesan ◽  
K.C. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Biocompost has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertilizers that increased soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities in sustainable farming. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effect of three halophytic composts in combination with farmyard manure and phosphate solubilising bacteria (<i>Bacillus megaterium</i>) on soil microflora and enzyme activities. The results show that among nine treatments given, the application of <i>Suaeda</i> compost in combination with farmyard manure and phosphate solubilising bacteria (T<sub>9</sub>) significantly increased the soil microflora such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and soil enzyme activities such as dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase and urease in soil cultivated with <i>Arachis hypogaea</i>.

Influence of Copper Contamination on Soil Physico-chemical Properties, Microbial Population and Enzyme Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
◽  
Remruattluanga Hnamte ◽  
TBC Laldingliangi ◽  
H. Lalruatsanga ◽  
R. Lalfakzuala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Heavy metals are known for their phytotoxicity and commonly used in agrochemicals to control plant pathogens. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil may occur through extensive use of heavy metal-based agrochemicals over time or from industrial pollution. However, this study was focussed on the immediate effect of the heavy metal, Copper (Cu) contamination on soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities (viz. acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, urease & dehydrogenase). Soil with graded doses of Cu was prepared by treating soil samples with varying concentrations of Copper (ll) sulphatepentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) where three levels of CuSO4.5H2O (50, 100 & 200 mg/kg soil) treatments were formulated along with control. A significant decrease in soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities was observed in all treatments.

scholarly journals Rhizobium inoculation enhanced the resistance of alfalfa and soil enzymatic activity in Cu-polluted soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengjiao Duan ◽  
Yuxia Mei ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Yuhan Wang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Cu Stress

Abstract Although some studies have reported an important role of rhizobia in mitigating heavy metal toxicity, the regulatory mechanism of the alfalfa-rhizobium symbiosis system to resist copper (Cu) stress through biochemical reactions in the plant-soil system is still unclear. Hence, this study assessed the effects of rhizobium inoculation (i.e., Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020) on the growth of alfalfa and soil enzyme activities under Cu stress. Our results showed that rhizobium inoculation markedly alleviated Cu-induced growth inhibition by increasing chlorophyll content, height and biomass and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in alfalfa. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in both shoot and root of alfalfa under Cu stress. The application of rhizobium alleviated Cu-induced phytotoxicity by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and soluble protein content of tissues and inhibiting the level of lipid peroxidation (i.e., MDA level). In addition, rhizobium inoculation improved soil nutrient cycling, increased soil enzyme activities (i.e., β-glucosidase activity and alkaline phosphatase) and microbial biomass nitrogen. Both Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) identified that the interactions between soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, microbial biomass and plant antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage could jointly regulate plant growth. This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanism of action of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis system to mitigate Cu stress and provide an efficient strategy for phytoremediation of Cu-polluted soils.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Rice Cultivation and Off-Season Period on Dynamics of Soil Enzyme Activities and Bacterial Communities in Two Agro-Ecological Regions of Mozambique

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Obinna Ezeokoli ◽  
Valter Nuaila ◽  
Chinedu Obieze ◽  
Belo Muetanene ◽  
Irene Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
The Impact

Soil ecosystem perturbation due to agronomic practices can negatively impact soil productivity by altering the diversity and function of soil health determinants. Currently, the influence of rice cultivation and off-season periods on the dynamics of soil health determinants is unclear. Therefore, soil enzyme activities (EAs) and bacterial community compositions in rice-cultivated fields at postharvest (PH) and after a 5-month off-season period (5mR), and fallow-fields (5-years-fallow, 5YF; 10-years-fallow, 10YF and/or one-year-fallow, 1YF) were assessed in two agroecological regions of Mozambique. EAs were mostly higher in fallow fields than in PH, with significant (p < 0.05) differences detected for β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase activities. Only β-glucosidase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) different between PH and 5mR, suggesting that β-glucosidase is responsive in the short-term. Bacterial diversity was highest in rice-cultivated soil and correlated with NO3−, NH4+ and electrical conductivity. Differentially abundant genera, such as Agromyces, Bacillus, Desulfuromonas, Gaiella, Lysobacter, Micromonospora, Norcadiodes, Rubrobacter, Solirubrobacter and Sphingomonas were mostly associated with fallow and 5mR fields, suggesting either negative effects of rice cultivation or the fallow period aided their recovery. Overall, rice cultivation and chemical parameters influenced certain EAs and shaped bacterial communities. Furthermore, the 5-month off-season period facilitates nutrient recovery and proliferation of plant-growth-promoting bacteria.

scholarly journals Variations in Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Communities along an Altitudinal Gradient on the Eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Shiyu Fan ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Jiyuan Yang ◽  
Jihong Qin ◽  
Danjie Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities

The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is the highest plateau in the world and is sensitive to climate change. The dynamics of soil enzyme activities and microbial communities are good indicators of alpine biochemical processes during warming. We collected topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (10–20 cm) samples at altitudes of 3200–4000 m; determined the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and acid phosphomonoesterase (PME); and performed Illumina 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. We found that the soil carbon (total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon) and nitrogen (total nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen) fluctuated with altitude in both the topsoil and subsoil, whereas the dissolved phosphorus continuously decreased with the increasing altitude. BG and CBH decreased from 3200 to 3600 m and increased from 3800 to 4000 m, with the lowest levels occurring at 3600 m (topsoil) and 3800 m (subsoil). NAG and PME showed similar fluctuations with altitude, with the highest levels occurring at 3400 m and 4000 m in both the topsoil and subsoil. Generally, the altitudes from 3600 to 3800 m were an ecological transition belt where most of the nutrients and enzyme activities reached their lowest levels. All of the alpine soils shared similar dominant phyla, including Proteobacteria (32.7%), Acidobacteria (30.2%), Actinobacteria (7.7%), Bacteroidetes (4.4%), Planctomycetes (2.9%), Firmicutes (2.3%), Gemmatimonadetes (2.0%), Chloroflexi, (1.2%) and Nitrospirae (1.2%); Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia were significantly affected by soil depth and Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Latescibacteria and Armatimonadetes were significantly affected by altitude. In addition, nutrient availability, enzyme activity and microbial diversity were higher in the topsoil than in the subsoil, and they had more significant correlations in the subsoil than in the topsoil. Our results provide useful insights into the close linkages between soil nutrient cycling and microbial activities on the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and are of great significance for further assessing the long-term impact of environmental changes in the alpine ecosystems.

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