scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Abdelbagi ◽  
Imad R. Musa ◽  
Shaza M. Musa ◽  
Salim A. ALtigani ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Employment Duration

Abstract Background Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), are highly prevalent worldwide health non-communicable diseases, and are associated with chronic complications. The co-existence of both conditions accelerates the related complications and increases morbidities and mortalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State) in Sudan between May and August 2018 to identify the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among patients with DM in that region. Results The median (interquartile) age of the 1,973 enrolled patients was 58.0 (50.0‒65.0) years, and 818 (45.6%) were males. The median (interquartile) duration of diabetes was 5.0 (3.0‒9.0) years. Of the 1,973 enrolled participants, 21.7%, 1.3%, 37.1%, and 39.9% were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Of 1,973 854 (47.6%) patients also had hypertension. Logistic regression analyses showed that elderly patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.03, 95%; confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‒1.04), males (AOR = 2.96, 95%; CI = 2.15‒4.07), employed patients (AOR = 1.92, 95%; CI = 1.38‒2.70), obese patients (AOR = 1.59, 95%; CI = 1.21‒2.08), and patients with diabetic foot (DF) (AOR = 2.45, 95%; CI = 1.72‒3.47) were at higher risk for hypertension. Conversely, patients with Type 2 DM (T2DM) (AOR = 0.63, 95%; CI = 0.50‒0.80) were at lower risk for hypertension. There was no significant association between overweight, uncontrolled DM, and hypertension. Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension among patients with DM. Notably, older age, male gender, employment, duration of DM, DF, underweight, and obesity were significant predictors of hypertension among patients with DM.

scholarly journals Diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa I. Farah ◽  
Mohammed Q. Al-Sabbagh ◽  
Munther S. Momani ◽  
Asma Albtoosh ◽  
Majd Arabiat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Abstract Aim Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major long-term complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Given the paucity of data on DKD in Jordan, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of DKD in Jordanian patients with type 2 DM. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1398 adult patients with type 2 DM who sought medical advice in the endocrinology clinic between March and September 2019. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. DKD was defined as reduced eGFR, and/or albuminuria. Three regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with CKD stages, albuminuria and DKD. Results Overall, 701 (50.14%) patients had DKD, with a median age of 59.71 ± 11.36  years. Older age, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein were associated with DKD (multivariable odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.03, p < 0.01; OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.01–1.2; and OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, p < 0.01 respectively). Metformin and renin-angiotensin system blockers were negatively associated with albuminuria and chronic kidney disease stages (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that approximately one half of patients with type 2 DM had DKD. Further studies are necessary to understand this high prevalence and the underlying factors. Future research are needed to assess implementing targeted community-based intervention.

scholarly journals Low Levels of Usual Physical Activity Are Associated with Higher 24 h Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Teixeira Neto Zucatti ◽  
Tatiana Pedroso de Paula ◽  
Luciana Verçoza Viana ◽  
Rafael DallAgnol ◽  
Felipe Vogt Cureau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Low Levels

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between usual physical activity and 24 h blood pressure (BP) profile in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a cross-sectional study of 151 participants with type 2 DM. Usual physical activity was assessed by step counting and self-reported questionnaire. BP was measured in office and by 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM; 24 h, daytime and nighttime). Mean participant age was 61.1 ± 8.4 years, 64% was women, and mean duration of diabetes was 14.3 ± 8.5 years. Ninety-two percent of participants had hypertension, and office BP was 138 ± 18/78 ± 10 mmHg. Inverse correlations were observed between step count and 24 h BP (systolic, r=−0.186; p=0.022), daytime BP (systolic, r=−0.198; p=0.015), and nighttime BP (pulse pressure, r=−0.190; p=0.019). People were categorized into tertiles of daily step count, and the 1st tertile had higher 24 h systolic BP, daytime systolic BP, daytime mean BP, and daytime systolic BP load than those in the other tertiles, even after adjusting for age and HbA1c. Participants with type 2 DM and low levels of physical activity exhibit higher 24 h and daytime systolic ambulatory BP values as compared with those who performed more steps per day, even after adjustments for confounding factors.

scholarly journals Associations between relative grip strength and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Yangpyeong cohort of the Korean genome and epidemiology study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256550
Author(s):  
Geon Hui Kim ◽  
Bong Kil Song ◽  
Jung Woon Kim ◽  
Elizabeth C. Lefferts ◽  
Angelique G. Brellenthin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To investigate the association between relative grip strength and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) independently and in combination with body mass index (BMI) in Korean adults. Methods The cross-sectional study includes 2,811 men and women (age 40 to 92 years old) with no history of heart disease, stroke, or cancer. Relative grip strength was measured by a handheld dynamometer and calculated by dividing absolute grip strength by body weight. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of T2DM by sex-specific quintiles of relative grip strength. In a joint analysis, participants were classified into 4 groups: “weak (lowest 20% quintile one) and normal weight (BMI <25.0 kg/m2)”, “weak and overweight/obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2)”, “strong (upper 80% four quintiles) and normal weight” or “strong and overweight/obese”. Results Among the 2,811 participants, 371 were identified as having T2DM. Compared with the lowest quintile of relative grip strength (weakest), the ORs (95% CIs) of T2DM were 0.73 (0.53–1.02), 0.68 (0.48–0.97), 0.72 (0.50–1.03), and 0.48 (0.32–0.74) in upper quintiles two, three, four, and five, respectively, after adjusting for BMI and other potential confounders. In the joint analysis, compared with the “weak and overweight/obese” reference group, the odds of T2DM [ORs (95% CIs)] was lower in the “strong and overweight/obese” group [0.65 (0.46–0.92)] and the “strong and normal weight” group [0.49 (0.35–0.67)], after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study, greater relative grip strength was associated with a lower prevalence of T2DM independent of BMI in Korean adults. Additional prospective studies are needed to determine whether a causal association exists between relative grip strength and T2DM prevalence considering BMI.

scholarly journals Adherencia terapéutica y control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / adherence and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a hospital of medellin (colombia), 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Lina María Martínez Sánchez ◽  
Gloria Inés Martínez Domínguez ◽  
María de los angeles Rodríguez Gázquez ◽  
Camilo andrés Agudelo Vélez ◽  
Juan Guillermo Jiménez Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Adherence ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Apoyo Social ◽  
The Relationship

Objetivo:Explorar la relación entre la adherencia terapéutica y el control metabólicoen pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM-2), que consultaron a una instituciónhospitalaria en Medellín-Colombia.Materiales y métodos:Estudio transversal. Lamuestra estuvo constituida por personas con 18 y más años, con diagnóstico de DM-2•PHVHVTXHILUPDURQHOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRLQIRUPDGR(OPXHVWUHRIXHQRSUREDELOtVWLFRmuestra por conveniencia. Se aplicaron las escalas Summary of Diabetes Self-CareActivities para valorar adherencia terapéutica y Duke-Unc para evaluar apoyo social.La hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) fue procesada por el método inmunoturbidimé-trico de inhibición en el Equipo Cobas C-501. Se asumió como “control metabólicoadecuado” un valor de HbA1c < al 7%. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 19.0 parael análisis.Resultados:De los 70 pacientes estudiados: el 66% son mujeres, el 76%tiene Hipertensión arterial, el 70% tiene dislipidemias y el 16% fuma. Además, el 59%HVLQVXOLQRGHSHQGLHQWHHOWLHQH+E$F•HOQRWLHQHDSRRVRFLDO/RVfactores con mayor proporción de adherencia fueron: medicación (79%), cuidado depies (71%). Mientras que los más bajos fueron: autocontrol glicémico (32%) y ejercicio(28%). La HbA1c se correlacionó significativamente (p<0.05) con adherencia a dieta,autocontrol de glicemia, cuidado de pies, apoyo social y género.Conclusiones:Laadherencia terapéutica estuvo asociada al control metabólico en pacientes con DM-2. Objective: Explore the relationship between the therapeutic adherence and metaboliccontrol in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM-2), which consulted to a hospitalinstitution in Medellin-Colombia. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study. The

scholarly journals Alterations of Retinal Pigment Epithelium–Photoreceptor Complex in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheren Xia ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Suilian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Sd Oct

Aim. A cross-sectional study was performed to examine the alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium– (RPE–) photoreceptor complex layer in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR), using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Patients with type 2 DM without DR and healthy controls without DM were recruited. All participants underwent examinations including SD-OCT. The thickness measurements of the retinal neural layers were calculated after automatic segmentation. An independent-sample t-test was used to compare the means of the thickness of retinal neural layers in patients with DM and healthy controls. Results. Sixty-seven eyes from 67 patients with DM and 30 eyes from 30 healthy controls were included in this study. No significant differences were found in age (P = 0.601), gender (P = 0.560), axial length (P = 0.414), best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.963), or intraocular pressure (P = 0.112) between the two groups. There were significant increases in the hemoglobin A1c value (P < 0.001) and mean thicknesses of the RPE–photoreceptor complex layer in the foveal area (P = 0.027) and paracentral area (P = 0.001) in the DM group compared to the control group, whereas the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers in the foveal and paracentral areas between the two groups showed no significant differences. Conclusion. Lesions in the RPE–photoreceptor complex are present without vascular abnormalities, which may precede the alterations of ganglion cells in patients with type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Associations between traditional and non-traditional anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic risk factors among inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052110499
Author(s):  
Sahar Golabi ◽  
Sajad Ajloo ◽  
Fatemeh Maghsoudi ◽  
Maryam Adelipour ◽  
Mahshid Naghashpour
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Objective We aimed to evaluate whether traditional and non-traditional adiposity indicators are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods In this cross-sectional study among 240 inpatients with type 2 DM, we determined traditional anthropometric indicators including body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio, and non-traditional anthropometric indicators including lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), deep abdominal adipose tissue (DAAT), and Després indices. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured to evaluate cardiometabolic parameters. Results In overweight patients, DAAT was positively correlated with total triglycerides. LAP was negatively correlated with serum HDL-C levels. WHR and DAAT were associated with total triglycerides, HbA1c, total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-C, and total triglycerides/HDL-C, after adjustment for age and duration of disease. VAI, DAAT, LAP, and Després index were significant determinants of lipid profile and SBP. Conclusion Traditional and non-traditional anthropometric indices are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Assessment of renal impairment using estimated glomerular filtration rate among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in North-East Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitku Mammo Taderegew
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the known cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Targeted screening of renal impairment based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among DM patients has potential benefits in early identification and treatment of CKD. Hence, this study was aimed to estimate the magnitude of renal impairment using eGFR among type 2 DM patients. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February-1 to April 30/2020 among 422 type 2 DM patients in Northeast Ethiopia. Data were collected by the semi-structured questioner and serum creatinine measurement. The collected data were edited into Epi-data manager version 4.4.1.0, and the analysis was performed by SPSS-25. The Simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), and Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) equations were used to calculate eGFR. Results Of all study participants, 82(19.4%), 92(21.8%), and 103(24.4%) had eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, according to the MDRD, CKD-EPI, and C-G equations, respectively. Female sex, (MDRD:AOR = 4.44, 95%CI:1.97–9.97, CKD-EPI:AOR = 3.17, 95%CI:1.27–6.17, and C-G:AOR = 2.65, 95%CI:1.35–5.21), duration ≥ 10 years (MDRD:AOR = 3.38, 95%CI:1.45–7.92, CKD-EPI:AOR = 3.09, 95%CI:1.07–7.77, and C-G:AOR = 2.92, 95%CI:1.29–6.61), age ˃60 years (MDRD:AOR = 2.29, 95%CI:1.09–4.77, CKD-EPI:AOR = 4.12, 95%CI:1.68–6.78, and C-G: AOR = 3.42, 95%CI:1.77–6.60), hypertension (MDRD:AOR = 3.12, 95%CI:1.51–6.45, CKD-EPI: AOR = 4.21,95%CI:2.07–7.98, and C-G:AOR = 3.99, 95%CI:2.08–7.65), poor glycemic control (MDRD:AOR = 2.82, 95%CI:1.13–7.05, and C-G:AOR = 2.34, 95%CI:1.09–5.04), and body mass index (MDRD:AOR = 1.11, 95%CI:1.01–1.22, and CKD-EPI:AOR = 2.43, 95%CI:1.27–5.76) were significantly associated with renal impairment. Conclusion Renal impairment was prevalent among type 2 DM patients. Older age, female sex, duration, hypertension, poor glycemic control, and BMI were significantly associated with renal impairment.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Study of Serum Levels of Zinc, Copper and Magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Indian Urban Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HU Hemanth Gowda ◽  
Harish Rangareddy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Introduction: Variability in the levels of these trace elements may reflect altered insulin metabolism and poor glycaemic control in the background of elevated oxidative stress. Mineral metabolism is another entity that may be disrupted by diabetes mellitus. Conversely, there are studies implicating early imbalances of trace elements in upsetting glucose homeostasis and insulin metabolism. Aim: To estimate and compare serum zinc, copper and magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with non diabetic controls and to correlate the serum zinc, copper and magnesium with Glycated Haemoglobin levels in Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The study included 30 Type 2 DM patients and 30 healthy, age and gender matched controls without Type 2 DM. Their serum levels of zinc, copper and magnesium were measured and compared. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software was used to perform the statistical analysis. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Mean±SD of serum zinc in Type 2 DM and controls was 93.44±46.99 μg/dL and 121.74±37.15 μg/dL, respectively. Serum zinc was significantly decreased in Type 2 DM. However, there was no significant alteration with respect to serum copper and magnesium. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the association between HbA1c with zinc (r=0.069, p=0.718), copper (r= -0.094, p=0.622) and magnesium (r=0.116, p=0.543) was random. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency noticed in Type 2 DM patients may be due to increased excretion in urine. Zinc oral preparations are cheap and easily available. Considering these, it can be further explored if micronutrient supplementation would help to improve the glycaemic variability in Type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Correlates and Predictors of Increasing Waist Circumference in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Mogre ◽  
Robert Abedandi ◽  
Zenabankara S. Salifu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Dm

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) has become a disease of public health concern worldwide. Obesity and elevated blood pressure have been shown to be comorbidities of type 2 DM. In this cross-sectional study in Tamale, Ghana, we determined the prevalence of abdominal obesity among type 2 DM patients. Furthermore, we examined the demographic, clinical, and anthropometric predictors of increasing waist circumference in this population. Three hundred type 2 DM patients attending the outpatient diabetes clinic of the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana, were recruited for the study. Waist circumference (WC) and hip circumferences were measured appropriately. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were taken from the personal health record files of patients. Demographic data were obtained. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression models were employed to identify predictors of increasing WC. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 77.0% and was significantly higher in women than in men. A positive correlation was observed between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and WC (r=0.56, P<0.001), female gender (r=0.73, P<0.001), and age (r=0.20, P<0.001). A high prevalence of abdominal obesity was observed. Predictors of increasing WC were gender, age, FPG, and WHR.

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