scholarly journals Trend of geographical distribution of stomach cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2014

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Moradian ◽  
Mohammad Fararouei ◽  
Maryam Karami ◽  
Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh ◽  
Zahra Gheibi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Among different common types of cancer, gastric cancer (GC) is a worldwide health priority in both developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to map the distribution of incident cases of GC in Iran to provide a geographical presentation of the incidence of the disease. Methods This study used the Iranian National Cancer Registry (INCR) data from 2004 to 2014. We calculated the crude and age-standardized incidence rates of GC for each province and also defined the frequency distribution of different types and locations of GC by the provinces. Results According to the results of the present study, the patients were predominantly male 49,907 (70.0%) and the most prevalent type of tumour was A1 (almost 96.4%) and C3‌ (2.0%). Also, a significant difference was observed between males and females in the distribution of the types of tumour (P < 0.001). In addition, a comparison of the distribution of the types of GC in Iran suggested that a significant difference exists between the provinces (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed when the distribution of the location of GC tumors was compared between males and females and provinces (P < 0.001). Accordingly, pylori and cardia are the most common location of GC cancer among the study population (28.1% and 31.3% respectively). Conclusions The results of the current study suggested a higher rate of GC incidence in Iran when compared to the global figure in both females and males. Our study also revealed significant disparities between provinces with regard to the distribution of types, and location of GC. This may suggest involving different factors in GC in different parts of Iran. Further studies are needed to better understand the epidemiology and etiology of the disease in Iran.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Moradian ◽  
Mohammad Fararouei ◽  
Maryam Karami ◽  
mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh ◽  
Zahra Gheibi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Among different common types of cancer, Gastric cancer (GC) is a worldwide health priority in both developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to map the distribution of incident cases of GC in Iran to provide a geographical presentation of the incidence of the disease.Methods: This study used the Iranian National Cancer Registry (INCR) data from 2004 to 2014. Excel was used to do the primary analysis including calculation of GC incidence for each province and also to provide a frequency table of the type and location of GC by the provinces. ArcGIS 10.5 (Redlands, CA, USA) mapping software was used to map the provincial age-standardized incidence rates by sex. The type and location of the GC cases were obtained from the NCR dataset.Results: According to the results of the present study, the patients were predominantly male 49,907 (70.0%). During the study period, the highest and lowest age-standardized incidence rates of GC in Iran in 2014 were reported from Ardebil (IR=30.19) and Ghom (IR=1.00) respectively. A significant difference was observed when the distribution of the location of GC tumors was compared between males and females (P<0.001).Conclusions: The results of the current study suggested a lower rate of GC incidence rate was reported in Iran when compared to the global figure in both females and males. The findings suggest involving different factors with different effects in GC among Iranian populations. Further studies are needed to better understand the epidemiology and etiology of the disease.


Author(s):  
Huagui Guo ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Jiansheng Wu

Most studies have examined PM2.5 effects on lung cancer mortalities, while few nationwide studies have been conducted in developing countries to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidences. To fill this gap, this work aims to examine the effects of PM2.5 exposure on annual incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. We performed a nationwide analysis in 295 counties (districts) from 2006 to 2014. Two regression models were employed to analyse data controlling for time, location and socioeconomic characteristics. We also examined whether the estimates of PM2.5 effects are sensitive to the adjustment of health and behaviour covariates, and the issue of the changing cancer registries each year. We further investigated the modification effects of region, temperature and precipitation. Generally, we found significantly positive associations between PM2.5 and incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females. If concurrent PM2.5 changes by 10 μg/m3, then the incidence rate relative to its baseline significantly changes by 4.20% (95% CI: 2.73%, 5.88%) and 2.48% (95% CI: 1.24%, 4.14%) for males and females, respectively. The effects of exposure to PM2.5 were still significant when further controlling for health and behaviour factors or using 5 year consecutive data from 91 counties. We found the evidence of long-term lag effects of PM2.5. We also found that temperature appeared to positively modify the effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for males. In conclusion, there were significantly adverse effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for both males and females in China. The estimated effect sizes might be considerably lower than those reported in developed countries. There were long-term lag effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidence in China.


2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
ABDUL NASIR

Hand infections are the prime cause of loss of working hours for manualworkers and housewives. The objective was to study different types of hand infections, infecting organisms and to findout different residual complications. This prospective study was carried out at C.M.H., Peshawar from March 1, 2000to March 1, 2003. All patients above 12 years were included in the study. Diabetics, immunosuppressed patients, drugaddicts, and patients on steroid or cytotoxic therapy, were excluded from the study. Other exclusion criteria were crushinjuries, burns, compound fractures and skin lacerations. The diagnosis of hand infection was based on history,physical and roentgenographic examinations of the hand. All the patients were put on Cloxacillin & Gentacin and theiraffected hands were elevated. In cases of suppuration, surgical drainage was done & pus was sent for C/S. Earlyphysiotherapy was instituted & residual complications were recorded..Relative frequencies of different types of handinfections in 176 cases included Paronychia (22.16%), Cellulitis (21.02%), Felon (19.32%), Proximal & Middle VolarSpace infection (16.48%), web space infection (14.77%), Thenar Space Abscess (3.41%) and midpalmar abscess1.70%). Frequencies of hand infections in adolescents, young, middle and elderly patients were 14.77%, 52.84%, 25%and 7.39% respectively. There was no significant difference in frequencies of hand infection amongst males andfemales. The percentages of right hand and left hand involvement were 57.38% and 42.61% respectively. The ratiobetween manual workers and other patients of hand infections was 2.5:1. Staphylococcus aureus was detected as asingle offending organism in most of the cultures(62.59%) and stiffness was the leading complication(14.20%). Thefrequency of complications was significantly more in elderly patients (53.28%) but there was no significant differenceof complications amongst males and females.


2020 ◽  
pp. 229255032096965
Author(s):  
Saud A. Aldhabaan ◽  
Jibril Y. Hudise ◽  
Badi F. Aldosari

Background: Rhinoplasty is one of the most common surgery that act as a challenge for consistent outstanding results. Alar base reduction is a technique of rhinoplasty that is prescribed in many conditions. Wound closure requires using of sutures and there are several types of sutures for this purpose; however, good scar results are necessary for patients’satisfaction. Aim: To evaluate alar base resection scar results after surgical resection using different types of suturing material. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was performed by reviewing patient’s records and performing post-operative photography for patient who underwent alar base resection. The patients were divided into 2 groups, the first group of patients had the alar base wound closed with interrupted Polypropylene 6/0 and the other group wound was closed with monocryl 6/0 sutures. Visual analogs scale was used to investigate basal views. Results: The study included 80 patients divided into 2 groups, each group included 40 patients, in the first group (Polypropylene group) there were 25% males and 75% females with a total mean age of 32 years, whereas in the second group (monocryl) there were 15% and 85% males and females, respectively. There were 85% and 82.5% unnoticeable scar reported by the first and second group, respectively; however there was no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P = .75). Conclusion: Both Polypropylene and monocryl suture result in the same result for closing alar base wound post surgically.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Salamat ◽  
Ali Aryannia ◽  
Siamak Rajaei ◽  
Mohammad Naeimi-Tabiei ◽  
Reza Afghani ◽  
...  

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer. We aimed to determine the incidence rates of thyroid cancer across a 10-year period (2004-2013) in Golestan, Iran. Methods: We obtained the thyroid cancer data from Golestan Population-Based Cancer Registry (GPCR). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated and reported per 100000 person-years. The Joinpoint software was used to assess time trends, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results: Of 326 registered patients, 83 (25.5%) were men and 243 (74.5%) were women. The mean age was 51.3 and 42.6 years for males and females, respectively. Overall, the ASR of thyroid cancer was 2.2 per 100000 person-year (AAPC = 2.76; 95% CI: -3.68 to 9.64). The test of co-incidence showed a statistically significant difference in the incidence of thyroid cancer between men (1.3) and women (3.2) (P < 0.001). According to our results, the ASR of thyroid cancer in western parts of Golestan is higher, including Gorgan and Aliabad cities. Conclusion: Increasing trends in incidence rates of thyroid cancer were found in the Golestan province during the study period, especially in women. We found significantly higher rates of thyroid cancer in women. Geographical diversities were seen in incidence rates of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province. Our results may be helpful for designing further researches to investigate the epidemiological aspects of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province.


Author(s):  
Jonathan Nyebuchi ◽  
Victor Tuanwii ◽  
Felix Eedee Konne ◽  
Fyneface Chikadibia Amadi ◽  
Friday Ogidigba

Increased prevalence and incidence rates within ethnic minorities have been reported by numerous studies on tribal differences in type 2 diabetes patients, sharing a western setting. This study was aimed at comparing glycemic indices among different ethnic groups residing in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State. The study population consisted of apparently150 healthy male and female subjects; 116 Ijaws, 21 Igbos and 13 Yorubas residing in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Bayelsa State of Nigeria. All subjects were aged between 16 and 48 years. 4 mls of Blood samples was collected from each subject. 2mls of the blood was withdrawn into EDTA for HbA1c estimation while the other 2mls was withdrawn into fluoride oxalate for fasting blood glucose. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined using the automated CLOVER A1c Analyser while FBG was assayed using Glucose Oxidase Method. Results revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean levels of FBG among the studied groups (P-value < 0.05) but there was no significant difference in the HbA1c mean levels (P-value > 0.05). This study has revealed that ethnic differences may cause significant changes on fasting blood glucose but may not in HbA1c.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
M. Bannikova ◽  
T. Azizova

Results: To estimate incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma (BSC) following chronic occupational radiation exposure. Conclusion:The study cohort included 22,377 workers (25.4 % of females) of the nuclear production facility, Mayak Production Association (PA), who had been hired in 1948–1982. Gamma doses of external exposure were provided by the Mayak Workers Dosimetry System – 2013 (MWDS–2013). The cohort was followed up until 31.12.2018. Results: By the end of the follow-up period 293 BSC cases were registered in the study cohort. BSC incidence rates significantly increased with increasing attained age of workers. The highest BSC incidence rate was observed in the age group above 70 years, both for males and females. The study found a significant increasing linear trend for standardized incidence rates for both males and females; approximation confidence factors were R2 = 0.82 and R2 = 0.95, respectively. The majority of BSC cases in the study cohort were registered in 1994–2018 (71.12 % in males and 81.13 % in females). The component analysis demonstrated that the absolute growth in the BSC incidence rate in both males and females was due to changes in the age structure of the study population and the risk of the disease. Conclussion: BSC incidence rates were significantly higher in males externally exposed to gamma rays at cumulative skin absorbed doses 0.2–0.5 Gy, 0.5–1.0 Gy and above 1.0 Gy compared to those exposed at doses below 0.1 Gy. In females the corresponding differences were non-significant.


1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ta Chiu ◽  
Stephen R. Dearwater ◽  
Daniel J. McCarty ◽  
Thomas J. Songer ◽  
Ronald E. LaPorte

Author(s):  

Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a relationship between the different types of electrosurgical energy (monopolar, bipolar, and ultrasonic-harmonic scalpel) and postoperative hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy. Additionally, to analyze the frequency of postoperative hypocalcaemia, according to age group, gender, and pathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: An observational, retrospective and correlational study was carried out in a series of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in a public and a private hospital in Quito, Ecuador, South America, from January 2016 to July 2019. Results: Among 665 patients, post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was observed in 127 (18.8%) patients. There was no significant difference between males and females. Hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in patients aged between 26 and 35 years, patients operated for malignant tumors and in patients in whom at least one parathyroid gland was removed. Postoperative hypocalcaemia occurred in 52.2% of patients (n = 24) [RR: 3.14; 95% CI: 2.26-4.36; p: 0.001] in the bipolar group, 29.2% (n = 7) [RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 0.82-2.97; p: 0.087] in the harmonic group, 17.3% (n = 34) [RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.61-1.24; p: 0.219] in the monopolar group, and 15.2% (n= 60) [RR: 0.61; 95% CI 0.45-0.84; p: 0.001] in the monopolar + harmonic group. Conclusions and clinical significance: The use of a bipolar device appears to be a risk factor for hypocalcaemia, while the use of monopolar + harmonic seems to be a protective factor. Although, when analyzing monopolar + harmonic vs monopolar alone, the addition of the harmonic scalpel didn’t provide statistically significant additional protection against hypocalcaemia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Epping ◽  
Siegfried Geyer ◽  
Juliane Tetzlaff

Abstract Background Defining incident cases has always been a challenging issue for researchers working with routine data. Lookback periods should enable researchers to identify and exclude recurrent cases and increase the accuracy of the incidence estimation. There are different recommendations for lookback periods depending on a disease entity of up to 10 years. Well-known drawbacks of the application of lookback periods are shorter remaining observation period in the dataset or smaller number of cases. The problem of selectivity of the remaining population after introducing lookback periods has not been considered in the literature until now. Methods The analyses were performed with pseudonymized claims data of a German statutory health insurance fund with annual case numbers of about 2,1 million insured persons. Proportions of study population excluded due to the application of lookback periods are shown according to age, occupational qualification and income. Myocardial infarction and stroke were used to demonstrate changes in incidence rates after applying lookback periods of up to 5 years. Results Younger individuals show substantial dropouts after the application of lookback periods. Furthermore, there are selectivities regarding occupational qualification and income, which cannot be handled by age standardization. Due to selective dropouts of younger individuals, crude incidence rates of myocardial infarction and stroke increase after applying lookback periods. Depending on the income group, age-standardized incidence rates changed differentially, leading to a decrease and possible underestimation of the social gradient after applying lookback periods. Conclusions Selectivity analyses regarding age and sociodemographic structure should be performed for the study population after applying lookback periods since the selectivity can affect the outcome especially in health care research. The selectivity effects might occur not only in claims data of one health insurance fund, but also in other longitudinal data with left- or right-censoring not covering the whole population. The effects may also apply to health care systems with a mix of public and private health insurance. A trade-off has to be considered between selectivity effects and eliminating recurrent events for more accuracy in the definition of incidence.


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