scholarly journals Hierarchical structure in the activities of daily living and trajectories of disability prior to death in elderly Chinese individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaofeng Han ◽  
Jihui Xue ◽  
Wei Pei ◽  
Ya Fang
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Subject Characteristics

Abstract Background The global burden of disability continues to increase. Understanding the hierarchical structure of activities of daily living (ADL) and the trajectories of disability of elderly individuals is pivotal to developing early interventions. Purpose To determine the hierarchical structure of the ability of Chinese elderly individuals to perform ADL and further describe the trajectories of disability prior to death. Methods Longitudinal item response theory model (LIRT) was constructed for 28,345 elderly participants in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, in which ADL were measured using the Katz scale from 1998 to 2018, until the participants’ death. Two difficulty parameters (κ−partial and κ−total) were used in the LIRT defining the thresholds for hierarchical structure in ADL (κ−partial: no limitation to partial limitation, κ−total: partial limitation to totally limited). Disability values estimated from the LIRT were fitted to a mixed-effects model to examine the manner in which the trajectories of disability varied with different subject characteristics. Results The findings confirmed the earliest loss in the capability to perform ADL (bathing(κ-partial = − 1.396), toileting(κ-partial = − 0.904)) at the level of partial limitation, with an overlap of partial and totally limited (total bathing, partial dressing, partial transferring, total dressing, partial feeding, partial continence), and finally a total loss of capability for toileting, feeding, transferring, and continence (κ-total = 3.647). Disability trajectories varied with sex (β = 0.041, SE = 0.001), place of residence (β = 0.010, SE = 0.001), and marital status (β = 0.144, SE = 0.001). Females, individuals living in urban areas, and those who lived without a spouse had a poorer disability status. Conclusion The loss in the ability to perform ADL has a hierarchical structure. Subject characteristics affect trajectories of disability in the elderly Chinese population.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Structure in Activities of Daily Living and Long-Term Disability Trajectories in the Elderly Chinese Population: A 20-Year Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaofeng Han ◽  
Jihui Xue ◽  
Wei Pei ◽  
Ya Fang
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Abstract Background: The global burden of disability is rising. Understanding the hierarchical structure of activities of daily living (ADL) and the disability trajectory of elderly people is pivotal to developing early interventions. Purpose: We aimed to determine the hierarchical structure of the ability to perform ADL and further describe the disability trajectory of the elderly before death. Methods: A longitudinal item response theory model (LIRT) was constructed from 28 345 elderly participants in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, in which ADL were measured by the Katz scale for up to 20 years from 1998 to 2018, until the participants' death. The disability values estimated from the LIRT were fitted to a mixed-effects model to examine how the disability trajectories varied with different demographic characteristics. Results: The difficulty parameters showed that ADL losses began with bathing-partial (B=-1.396, SE=0.003), then toileting-partial, bathing-total, dressing-partial, transferring-partial, dressing-total, feeding-partial, continence-partial, toileting-total, feeding-total, transferring-total, and ended with continence-total (a=3.647, SE=0.013). Disability trajectories varied with sex (β=0.041, SE=0.001), place of residence (β=0.010, SE=0.001), and marital status (β=0.144, SE=0.001). Females, people who lived in urban areas, and those who lived without a spouse had poorer disability status. Conclusion: Losses in the ability to perform ADL have a hierarchical structure. Demographic characteristics affect disability trajectories among the elderly Chinese population.

scholarly journals Functional limitation on elderly people in the northeast and the feminization of eld in urban and rural areas of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51421
Author(s):  
Roberta Dayanny Soares ◽  
Aíla Maropô Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Population aging in Brazil increases on a large scale due to declining fertility and mortality. This phenomenon can be influenced by several factors (demographic, biological and social), making them determinants for the health conditions of the elderly populations residing in different geographic areas. The present study aims to identify the functional limitation in elderly residents of urban and rural areas of Brazil. This is a descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach. It was evidenced that the functional limitation for activities of daily living   and instrumental activities of daily living are concentrated in the northeast region, mainly in the urban area. The following states presented the highest proportions of daily life activity limitation in urban areas: Alagoas (11.60%), Rio Grande do Norte (10.95%), Pernambuco (10.36%) and Paraíba (9.62%). For activities of daily living in the rural area were found in the states of Paraíba (12.19%), Maranhão (8.93%), Piauí (8.85%) and then Pernambuco (7.24%). Data from the functional limitation for instrumental activities of daily living again highlighted the Northeast region, with the states of Rio Grande do Norte (26.01%), Paraíba (25.96%), Maranhão (25.72%) and Alagoas (24.57%). Lastly, it was verified that the elderly woman exhibits greater proportions of functional limitation in relation to the elderly of the masculine sex, standing out again the northeastern region of the country.

scholarly journals Contextual income and incidence of disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Danielewicz ◽  
Eleonora D’Orsi ◽  
Antonio Fernando Boing
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Elderly Living

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the association between contextual income and the incidence of disability in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. METHODS: This is a cohort study, with sample of elderly individuals (n = 1,196) residing in Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The incidence of disabilities was evaluated using reports of difficulty or inability to perform six basic activities of daily living and nine instrumental activities of daily living after four years. Contextual income was obtained from the 2010 Census. We conducted multilevel logistic regression analyses with adjustment models for individual variables. RESULTS: The incidence of disability in basic activities of daily living was 15.8% (95%CI 13.8–17.9) and in instrumental activities of daily living incidence was 13.4% (95%CI 11.6–15.5). We observed significant association between contextual income and incidence of disability in basic activities of daily living. Having as reference the elderly living in the lower income tercile, those who lived in the intermediary terciles and in that of highest income had 37% (95%CI 0.41–0.96) and 21% (95%CI 0.52–1.19) lower chances of developing disability, respectively. For the incidence of disability in instrumental activities of daily living we observed no statistically significant associations. CONCLUSIONS: Contextual income influences the development of disability in basic activities of daily living in the elderly and should be the subject of actions to reduce socioeconomic inequalities and promote longevity with independence.

scholarly journals Functioning in Institutionalized and Noninstitutionalized Older Adults: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Lopes ◽  
Lara Pinho ◽  
César Fonseca ◽  
Margarida Goes ◽  
Henrique Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Functional Profiles ◽  
Elderly Living

Abstract BackgroundIt is important to characterize the functioning of elderly adults in different care contexts and evaluate their suitability to the condition of the elderly population. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the functional profiles of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized older adults; to evaluate the effect of biological and sociodemographic factors on the determination of functional profiles and to evaluate the probability of an older adults obtaining a certain overall functional profile based on his/her age.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that included 476 participants over 65 years old who were divided into two groups: noninstitutionalized elderly living in their homes and attending day care centers (100) and institutionalized elderly living in nursing homes (376). The data were collected using the semi-structured interview method and it was applied the Elderly Nursing Core Set. ResultsThe Elderly Nursing Core Set model tested consisted of 22 items in five domains: “Self-Care - Activities of daily living (a)”; “Self-Care - Activities of daily living (b)”; “Mental Functions”; “Communication” and “Support and Relationships”. Women, older participants, illiterate elderly and institutionalized participants had worse functional profile results.ConclusionsAge, female sex, lack of education, and institutionalization are negatively related to the functional profile. Given the association between education level and functioning, it is necessary to promote the training of elderly individuals throughout life. The implementation of social and health responses should allow elderly individuals to remain in their homes, given the influence of functioning on self-care and quality of life.

scholarly journals Unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living among elderly in rural and urban areas in Kwara State Central Senatorial District, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Mojirola Martina Fasiku ◽  
Kabir Adekunle Durowade ◽  
Matthew Olumuyiwa Bojuwoye ◽  
Abdullahi Ahmed ◽  
Medinat Omobola Osinubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objective: The elderly usually require assistance and sometimes have unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living. This study assessed the unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living among the elderly in rural and urban areas in Kwara Central Senatorial District, Nigeria.  Methods:  Cross-sectional data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires from 300 elderly using the multistage sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20 was used to analyze data, and the level of significance was predetermined at a p-value less than 0.05.  Results: Overall, 60% of the elderly in the urban than rural group (46%) had unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living. The prevalence of unmet needs for assistance with basic activities of daily living in the rural areas ranged from 0.0% (eating) to 70.8 % (bathing) and 0.0% (eating) to 68.8 % (transferring) in the urban areas. The prevalence of unmet needs for instrumental activities of daily living ranged from 16.7% (handling finances) to 59.3 % (cooking) for those in the rural areas. However, the range was from 33.3% (transportation) to 75.0% (taking medications) in the urban areas. The urban respondents had higher unmet needs for assistance with telephone use than rural respondents. (p=0.004*).  Conclusion: The elderly in the urban areas had a higher prevalence of unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living. The government must address the needs of the elderly through a policy to prevent unmet needs for assistance with activities of daily living.

scholarly journals Functional capability and violence situations against the elderly

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Mathes Faustino ◽  
Lenora Gandolfi ◽  
Leides Barroso de Azevedo Moura
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Capability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Partial Dependence

Objective To verify whether there is a connection between the functional capacity of the elderly and the presence of violent situations in their daily lives. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study developed with 237 elderly individuals. Standard and validated research instruments were used. Results Mean age of 70.25 years (standard deviation of 6.94), 69% were female, 76% were independent in basic activities of daily living and 54% had a partial dependence on at least one instrumental activity. The most prevalent violence was psychological and the relation between being dependent on basic activities of daily living and suffering physical violence was statistically significant. Conclusion When the elderly needs assistance to perform self-care activities, there is a greater chance of exposure to a situation of abuse, such as physical violence.

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