Association between change in handgrip strength and cognitive function in Korean adults: a longitudinal panel study

Abstract Background Muscular function, such as handgrip strength, has been suggested as an associated factor for cognitive impairment. This study investigated the association between temporal change in handgrip strength and cognitive function using longitudinal, nationwide data from Korean older adults. Methods Our study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). The analysis covered 6696 participants who had taken the handgrip strength test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) from 2006 to 2018. We adopted general estimating equations to assess the temporal effect of handgrip strength change on cognitive function. Results After adjusting for covariates, we observed an association between handgrip strength and low MMSE scores (β = − 0.3142 in men, β = − 0.2685 in women). Handgrip strength as a continuous variable was positively correlated with MMSE scores after adjustment (β = 0.0293 in men, β = 0.0347 in women). The group with decreased handgrip strength over time also showed greater odds for mild cognitive impairment (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.05–1.27 in men, OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.05–1.27 in women) and dementia (OR = 1.393, 95%CI = 1.18–1.65 in men, OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.08–1.32 in women). Conclusions This study identified the relationship between handgrip strength change and cognitive function among South Korean adults. According to our large, longitudinal sample, decreasing handgrip strength was associated with decline in cognitive function.

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Frailty transitions and cognitive function among South Korean older adults

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90125-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Nari ◽

Bich Na Jang ◽

Hin Moi Youn ◽

Wonjeong Jeong ◽

Sung-In Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Daily Living ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Adult Population ◽

Geriatric Syndrome ◽

South Korean ◽

Adl Disability ◽

Older Adult Population ◽

State Examination

AbstractFrailty is considered a multidimensional geriatric syndrome, manifested by the accumulation of age-associated deficits. The consequences of frailty transitions are still understudied. This study evaluated the influence of frailty transitions on cognitive function in the older adult population. We used data derived from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) (2008–2018) on older adults aged ≥ 65 years. Frailty was assessed using a validated Korean frailty measure known as the frailty instrument (FI), and cognitive function was measured using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Transitions in frailty and their relationship with cognitive function were investigated using lagged generalized estimating equations (GEE), t-tests, and ANOVA. Respondents who experienced frailty transitions (those with ameliorating frailty), those who developed frailty, and whose frailty remained constant, were more likely to have a lower cognitive function than those who were consistently non-frail. Older age, activities of daily living (ADL) disability, and instrumental ADL disability were more negatively associated with declining cognitive function, especially in the “frail → frail” group. Changes in all individual components of the frailty instrument were significantly associated with impaired cognitive function. The results suggest an association between frailty transitions and cognitive impairment. Over a 2-year span, the remaining frail individuals had the highest rate of cognitive decline in men, while the change from non-frail to frail state in women was significantly associated with the lowest cognitive function values. We recommend early interventions and prevention strategies in older adults to help ameliorate or slow down both frailty and cognitive function decline.

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Study of cognitive functions in major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias

Egyptian Journal of Bronchology ◽

10.1186/s43168-020-00046-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed W. Zakaria ◽

Reem I. El-Korashy ◽

Mostafa O. Shaheen ◽

Samah Selim ◽

Kwashi J. Amum

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Mmse Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Impaired Lung Function ◽

State Examination

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is an important clinical co-morbidity that is associated with impaired lung function. The aim of the work is to assess cognitive function in major IIP and to find out the relation between cognitive dysfunction and the oxygenation parameters. Results Fifty individuals were involved in the study; 30 patients with major IIP and 20 healthy individuals. Patients with IIP had significantly lower mini mental state examination (MMSE) score compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Wechsler Deterioration Index (WDI) revealed that 33.3% (n = 10) of the patients with IIP had sure cognitive impairment and 26.6% (n = 8) had ongoing cognitive deterioration. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) had lower cognitive function than other IIP. Conclusion There is an impairment of cognitive function in patients with major IIP, particularly in IPF, as measured by WDI and MMSE. Further large studies are needed to assess the possible predictors of cognitive impairment and their effects on the patients’ outcome.

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Disruptive Vocalization and Depression in Older Nursing Home Residents

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161020000658x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 463-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Michael Dwyer ◽

Gerard J. A. Byrne

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Mmse Score ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

The Relationship ◽

State Examination ◽

Age And Sex

Screaming and other types of disruptive vocalization are commonly observed among nursing home residents. Depressive symptoms are also frequently seen in this group, although the relationship between disruptive vocalization and depressive symptoms is unclear. Accordingly, we sought to examine this relationship in older nursing home residents. We undertook a controlled comparison of 41 vocally disruptive nursing home residents and 43 non-vocally-disruptive nursing home residents. All participants were selected to have Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of at least 10. Participants had a mean age of 81.0 years (range 63-97 years) and had a mean MMSE score of 17.8 (range 10-29). Nurse ratings of disruptive vocalization according to a semioperationalized definition were validated against the noisy behavior subscale of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Subjects were independently rated for depressive symptoms by a psychiatrist using the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and the Depressive Signs Scale. Vocally disruptive nursing home residents scored significantly higher than controls on each of these three depresion-in-dementia scales. These differences remained significant when the effects of possible confounding variables of cognitive impairment, age, and sex were removed. We conclude that depressive symptoms are associated with disruptive vocalization and may have an etiological role in the generation of disruptive vocalization behaviors in elderly nursing home residents.

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Increasing prevalence of anticholinergic medication use in older people in England over 20 years: Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II

10.21203/rs.2.17884/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Carlota Grossi ◽

Kathryn Richardson ◽

George Savva ◽

Chris Fox ◽

Antony Arthur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Older People ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Medication Use ◽

Anticholinergic Medication ◽

Older Population ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

State Examination ◽

Anticholinergic Burden

Abstract Background: Anticholinergic medication use is linked with increased cognitive decline, dementia, falls and mortality. The characteristics of the population who use anticholinergic medication are not known. Here we estimate the prevalence of anticholinergic use in England’s older population in 1991 and 2011, and describe changes in use by participant’s age, sex, cognition and disability. Methods: We compared data from participants aged 65+ years from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and II), collected during 1990-1993 (N=7,635) and 2008-2011 (N=7,762). We estimated the prevalence of potent anticholinergic use (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden [ACB] score=3) and average anticholinergic burden (sum of ACB scores), using inverse probability weights standardised to the 2011 UK population. These were stratified by age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental ADL (IADL) disability. Results: Prevalence of potent anticholinergic use increased from 5.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.2-6.3%) of the older population in 1990-93 to 9.9% (9.3-10.7%) in 2008-11, adjusted odds ratio of 1.90 (95%CI 1.67 – 2.16). People with clinically significant cognitive impairment (MMSE [Mini Mental State Examination] 21 or less) were the heaviest users of potent anticholinergic in CFAS II (16.5% [95%CI 12.0-22.3%]). Large increases in the prevalence of the use medication with ‘any’ anticholinergic activity were seen in older people with clinically significant cognitive impairment (53.3% in CFAS I to 71.5% in CFAS II). Conclusions: Use of potent anticholinergic medications nearly doubled in England’s older population over 20 years with some of the greatest increases amongst those particularly vulnerable to anticholinergic side-effects. Key words: cognitive impairment, anticholinergic burden, polypharmacy

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Influence of Cognitive Impairment on Rehabilitation Received and Its Mediating Effect on Functional Recovery

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210620 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Ilona Dutzi ◽

Michael Schwenk ◽

Marietta Kirchner ◽

Eva Jooss ◽

Jürgen M. Bauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Future Research ◽

Rehabilitation Outcome ◽

Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

The Relationship ◽

State Examination

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) has been reported to negatively impact rehabilitation outcomes. Knowledge about differences in rehabilitation received in dependence of CI as a potential mediating factor is limited. Objective: To analyze whether CI affects amount and frequency of rehabilitation received and if associations between CI and rehabilitation outcome are mediated by the provided amount of therapy. Methods: Observational cohort study in ward-based geriatric rehabilitation consecutively including 373 patients (mean age 82.0±6.69 years, mean MMSE 23.66±5.31). Outcome measures were amount, frequency, and type of multi-professional therapy sessions and rehabilitation outcome assessed with the Barthel Index (BI). Cognitive status was measured with the Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE) classifying three patient subgroups according to cognitive status were considered. Results: Patients with more severe CI received least total therapy hours (TTH) (MMSE < 17, 13.67±6.58 versus MMSE 17–26, 16.12±7.19 and MMSE > 26, 17.79±8.88 h, p = 0.014) and were less often included in occupational therapy (MMSE < 17, 48.9%versus MMSE 17–26, 65.5%and MMSE > 26, 71.4%, p = 0.019) and group-based physiotherapy (MMSE < 17, 73.3%versus MMSE 17–26, 88.5%and MMSE > 26, 81.2%, p = 0.027). Regression models showed that CI negatively impacted TTH (β= 0.24, p = 0.003) and rehabilitation outcome (β= 0.41, p = 0.008). In the mediation model, TTH accounted for 23.18%(p < 0.001) of the relationship between CI and rehabilitation outcome. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment negatively impacted rehabilitation received. The lower TTH partly mediated the negative association between CI and rehabilitation outcome. Future research should identify specific barriers to therapy provision and optimal length, intensity, and dosage of rehabilitation programs to optimize rehabilitation outcomes in CI.

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Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Impairment in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

Kidney & Blood Pressure Research ◽

10.1159/000502355 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 1115-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Youlu Zhao ◽

Yuhui Zhang ◽

Zhikai Yang ◽

Jinwei Wang ◽

Zuying Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽

State Examination ◽

Multicenter Prospective Cohort

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease experience a high burden of sleep disorders, and there are associations between sleep disorders and cognitive impairment. Objectives: Based on our previous cross-sectional survey on cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis, we further explored the relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive impairment, and predictors for declining cognitive function. Method: We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study enrolling 458 clinically stable patients on peritoneal dialysis who were then followed up for 2 years.Demographic data, comorbidities, depression, and biochemistry data were collected at baseline. Sleep disorders including insomnia, restless legs syndrome, sleep apnea syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness, possible narcolepsy, sleep walking and nightmares, and possible rapid eye movement behavior disorders were assessed using a panel of specific sleep questionnaires at baseline and in a second survey. Global cognitive function was measured at baseline and in a second survey, using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Specific cognitive domains were evaluated using Trail-Making Test Forms A and B for executive function, and subtests of the Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status were used to asses immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial skills, and language ability. Results: Sleep disorders were common among peritoneal dialysis patients. The prevalence of cognitive impairment evaluated by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) increased from 19.8 to 23.9%. Possible narcolepsy was associated with decreased Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores at baseline. During follow-up, sleepwalking and nightmares were associated with higher risks of declined delayed memory in the longitudinal study. Conclusions: Possible narcolepsy was associated with general cognitive dysfunction, and sleep walking and nightmares were risk factors for impaired delayed memory.

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The Relationship between Hypertension and Cognitive Function Impairment in the Elderly

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 1440-1445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Endy Juli Anto ◽

Laura Oktavina Siagian ◽

Jekson Martiar Siahaan ◽

Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽

Sony Eka Nugraha

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

The Elderly ◽

Research Approach ◽

Impaired Cognitive Function ◽

Function Impairment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Second Degree

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is still a health problem both in developed and developing countries. Hypertension can cause various complications; one of them is cognitive function impairment. AIM: This study aimed to look at the relationship of hypertension with cognitive function. This research can also be useful to help optimise the health of the elderly, maximise quality of life and avoid hypertension as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in the elderly at the Karya Kasih Nursing Homes, Medan from May to June 2018. METHODS: This research was carried out by analytic observational with cross-sectional research approach. In this study, 57 elderly from Karya Kasih Nursing Homes Medan who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated. Assessment of cognitive function used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT) and Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMT) instruments. RESULT: This study obtained a significant relationship between the history of hypertension with impaired cognitive function (p = 0.003). The results of the cognitive function examination with MMSE showed that among 57 elderly, 16 people (43.2%) were normal and 21 people (56.8%) had impaired cognitive function in the first degree hypertension group, besides that, 3 people were normal (15%) and 7 people (85%) had impaired cognitive function in the second degree hypertension group (p = 0.031). Based on the result of mild and severe cognitive function impairment, among 12 people (57.1%) and 9 people (42.9%) had a mild and severe cognitive function impairment, respectively, in first-degree hypertension. 3 people (17.6%) and 14 people (82.4%) had a mild and severe cognitive function impairment, respectively, in the second-degree hypertension (p = 0.013). The 6-CIT instrument also showed a significant relationship between the severity of hypertension and impaired cognitive function (p = 0.027), and there was no significant relationship with AMT instruments (p = 0.078). CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between the history or duration and degree of hypertension with cognitive dysfunction in the elderly at the Karya Kasih Nursing Home Medan.

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The relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in the elderly

The Journal of Physiological Sciences ◽

10.1186/s12576-020-00777-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sae Uchida ◽

Chiho Shimada ◽

Naoko Sakuma ◽

Fusako Kagitani ◽

Akiko Kan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cognitive Measures ◽

Attentional Function ◽

Trail Making ◽

Identification Threshold ◽

Olfactory Impairment ◽

The Relationship ◽

State Examination

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in 12 elderly people (age: 80.9 ± 1.6) living in the community. Olfactory function was assessed by the identification threshold for rose odor. Four cognitive measures consisting general cognitive ability assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), its sub-domains, and attentional ability assessed by drawing a line to connect the numbers consecutively (trail-making test part A; TMT-A), were assessed. Subjects with a higher olfactory threshold (≥ 5) declined more in the performance speed of TMT-A (73% ± 7%, p = 0.05) compared with those subjects with a lower threshold (≤ 4) (averaged value was set at 100%). Other cognitive statuses assessed by MMSE tended to decline in subjects with higher thresholds. Because attentional function relates to the basal forebrain cholinergic system, our results suggest that olfactory impairment links to the decline in cognitive function, particularly of attention-relating cholinergic function.

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Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 20

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.177.4.348 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 177 (4) ◽

pp. 348-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

C. Kelly ◽

V. Sharkey ◽

G. Morrison ◽

J. Allardyce ◽

R. G. McCreadie

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Community Based ◽

Adult Reading ◽

The Mean ◽

National Adult Reading Test ◽

State Examination

BackgroundCognitive deficits are a core aspect of schizophrenia but there has been no study of cognitive function in a catchment-area-based population of patients with schizophrenia.AimsTo assess cognitive function in a population of patients with schizophrenia, and relate it to community functioning.MethodAll patients with schizophrenia in Nithsdale, south-west Scotland, were identified (n=182). Measures of assessment were: National Adult Reading Test (NART), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), Executive Interview (EXIT), FAS Verbal Fluency and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS).ResultsWe assessed 138 patients, mean age 48 years (standard deviation (s.d.) 15). Only 14% were in-patients. The mean premorbid IQ as assessed by NART was 98 (s.d. 14); 15% of patients had significant global cognitive impairment (MMSE); 81% had impaired memory (RBMT); 25% had executive dyscontrol (EXIT); and 49% had impaired verbal fluency (FAS). Scores on the functional impairment sub-scale of HoNOS correlated with all measures of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsCognitive dysfunction is pervasive in a community-based population of patients with schizophrenia.

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Loss of Integrity of Corpus Callosum White Matter Hyperintensity Penumbra Predicts Cognitive Decline in Patients With Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.605900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Yage Qiu ◽

Ling Yu ◽

Xin Ge ◽

Yawen Sun ◽

Yao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

White Matter ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Loss of white matter (WM) integrity contributes to subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed damage beyond the area of WM hyperintensity (WMH) including in normal-appearing WM (NAWM); however, the functional significance of this observation is unclear. To answer this question, in this study we investigated the relationship between microstructural changes in the WMH penumbra (WMH-P) and cognitive function in patients with svMCI by regional tract-based analysis. A total of 111 patients with svMCI and 72 patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) without cognitive impairment (controls) underwent DTI and neuropsychological assessment. WMH burden was determined before computing mean values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) within WMHs and WMH-Ps. Pearson’s partial correlations were used to assess the relationship between measurements showing significant intergroup differences and composite Z-scores representing global cognitive function. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to determine the best model for predicting composite Z-scores. We found that WMH burden in the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum (GCC, BCC, and SCC respectively); bilateral anterior, superior, and posterior corona radiata; left sagittal stratum was significantly higher in the svMCI group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The WMH burden of the GCC, BCC, SCC, and bilateral anterior corona radiata was negatively correlated with composite Z-scores. Among diffusion parameters showing significant differences across the 10 WM regions, mean FA values of WMH and WMH-P of the BCC were correlated with composite Z-scores in svMCI patients. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the FA of WMH-P of the BCC and WMH burden of the SCC and GCC were independent predictors of composite Z-score, with the FA of WMH-P of the BCC making the largest contribution. These findings indicate that disruption of the CC microstructure—especially the WMH-P of the BCC—may contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with SIVD.

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