scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota has important effect on severity of hand foot and mouth disease in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Shen ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Jingkai Ji ◽  
Jinli Wei ◽  
Yujin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Intestinal Microorganisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has increased in recent years, making it a very common childhood illness worldwide. The relationship between different enterovirus genotypes and disease severity is not clearly understood. Given that enteroviruses are transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract, we hypothesized that variation in intestinal microorganisms of the host might play a role in the prognosis of HFMD. Methods We carried out a meta-transcriptomic-wide association study of fecal samples obtained from a cohort of children (254 patients, 227 tested positive for enterovirus, including 16 patients co-infectied with 2 kinds of enterovirus) with mild and severe HFMD and healthy controls. Results We found there was no significant difference in the amount of each virus type between the mild and severe cases. Genes of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A (CV-A) from the severe and mild cases did not show significant clustering. Clostridium sp. L2-50 and Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 were enriched in the guts of children with severe HFMD and KEGG enrichment was found between mild and severe cases. Conclusions Intestinal microorganisms appear to interact with enterovirus to determine the progression of HFMD. Genes of Bacteroides and Clostridium may be used as predictive markers for a more efficient prognosis and intervention. The enrichment of intestinal bacteria genes with functions may facilitate the development of severe symptoms for HFMD patients.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota Plays Important Effect on Severity of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Shen ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Jingkai Ji ◽  
Jinli Wei ◽  
Yujin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Intestinal Microorganisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background. The incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has increased in recent years, making it a very common childhood illness worldwide. The relationship between different enterovirus genotypes and disease severity is not clearly understood. Given that enteroviruses are transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract, we hypothesized that variation in intestinal microorganisms of the host might play a role in the prognosis of HFMD. Methods. We carried out a meta-transcriptomic-wide association study of fecal samples obtained from a cohort of children (254 patients, 227 tested positive for enterovirus, including 16 patient co-infection with 2 kinds of enterovirus) with mild and severe HFMD and healthy controls. Results. We found there was no significant difference in the amount of each virus type between the mild and severe cases. Genes of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A (CV-A) from the severe and mild cases did not show significant clustering. Clostridium sp. L2-50 and Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 were enriched in the guts of children with severe HFMD and KEGG enrichment was found between mild and severe cases.Conclusions. Intestinal microorganisms appear to interact with enterovirus to determine the progression of HFMD. Genes of Bacteroides and Clostridium may be used as predictive markers for a more efficient prognosis and intervention. The enrichment of intestinal bacteria genes with functions may facilitate the development of severe symptoms for HFMD patients.

The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Hangzhou, China, 2016-2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Guoliang Xie ◽  
Shufa Zheng ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is most frequently caused by several serotypes of human enterovirus (EV) including Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) or other types of EV. Children under 5 years old are the most susceptible to HFMD. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics and the relationship between severe and mild HFMD. Methods We collected 4760 probable HFMD cases with skin papular or vesicular rashes on the hands, feet, mouth or buttocks in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2018. Specimens of these cases were collected and the pathogen of EV71, CV-A16, CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A2 and CV-A5 was classified by RT-PCR. Then the pathogen distribution and clinical status of children with HFMD were described. Results From Jan. 1, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2018, the incidence and prevalence of HFMD were seasonal each year. Among the 4760 probable HFMD cases, 3559 cases were confirmed (74.8%, 3559/4760), including 426 cases of EV71 infections (8.9%, 426/4760, 249 cases of CV-A16 infections (5.2%, 249/4760) and 2884 cases of other enteroviruses infections (60.6%, 2884/4760). The percentage of EV positive HFMD cases with non-EV71 and non-CV-A16 was more than 80% (2884/3559), which increased year by year. The percentage of EV71 decreased year by year in the last three years especially in 2018. Among the 1297 cases randomly selected of other EV infections in 2017 and 2018, there were 835 (64.4%) cases of CV-A6 infections, 177 (13.6%) cases of CV-A10 infections, 100 (7.7%) cases of CV-A2 infections, 40 (3.1%) cases of CV-A5 infections, 3 (0.02%) cases of mixed infections and 11.0% untyped enteroviruses infections. Preschool children were still the primary population susceptible to HFMD, and the age of the children infected with other enteroviruses tended to be younger. In severe cases, EV71 infection was the main cause. Conclusions The other EV especially CV-A6 increased obviously and EV71 decreased obviously in the three years. Characterizing the epidemiology and the relationship between severe and common cases of HFMD would provide relevant evidences for the prevention and treatment of HFMD.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Hangzhou, China, 2016 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-662
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Guoliang Xie ◽  
Shufa Zheng ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is most frequently caused by several serotypes of human enterovirus (EV) including Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), or other types of EV. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD and to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of HFMD among severe and mild cases. We collected 4760 HFMD cases in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2018. Specimens from these cases were collected and tested for EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A2, and CV-A5 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. From 2016 to 2018, the prevalence of HFMD was seasonal each year. Among the 4760 probable HFMD cases, 3559 cases were confirmed (74.8%), including 426 cases of EV-A71 infections (8.9%), 249 cases of CV-A16 infections (5.2%), and 2884 cases of other EV infections (60.6%). The percentage of other EV infections was more than 80%, which increased year by year. Random selection of samples for detection of other EV infections in 2017 and 2018, among the 1297 cases, showed there were 835 (64.4%) cases of CV-A6 infections, 177 (13.6%) cases of CV-A10 infections, 100 (7.7%) cases of CV-A2 infections, 40 (3.1%) cases of CV-A5 infections, 3 (0.02 %) cases of mixed infections, and 11.0% untyped EV infections. Preschool children were still the primary population susceptible to HFMD. In severe cases, EV-A71 infection was the main cause. Characterizing the epidemiology and the relationship between severe and common cases of HFMD would provide relevant evidences for the prevention and treatment of HFMD.

scholarly journals DNA methylation and SNP in IFITM3 are correlated with hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Mei Li ◽  
Ya-Ping Li ◽  
Hui-Ling Deng ◽  
Mu-Qi Wang ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Advances in Antigenic Peptide-Based Vaccine and Neutralizing Antibodies against Viruses Causing Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Anasir ◽  
Chit Poh
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antigenic Peptide ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Antigenic Peptides ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Etiological Agents

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) commonly produces herpangina, but fatal neurological complications have been observed in children. Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus 16 (CV-A16) are the predominant viruses causing HFMD worldwide. With rising concern about HFMD outbreaks, there is a need for an effective vaccine against EV-A71 and CV-A16. Although an inactivated vaccine has been developed against EV-A71 in China, the inability of the inactivated vaccine to confer protection against CV-A16 infection and other HFMD etiological agents, such as CV-A6 and CV-A10, necessitates the exploration of other vaccine platforms. Thus, the antigenic peptide-based vaccines are promising platforms to develop safe and efficacious multivalent vaccines, while the monoclonal antibodies are viable therapeutic and prophylactic agents against HFMD etiological agents. This article reviews the available information related to the antigenic peptides of the etiological agents of HFMD and their neutralizing antibodies that can provide a basis for the design of future therapies against HFMD etiological agents.

scholarly journals Meteorological factors affect the hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in Qingdao, China, 2007–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. JIANG ◽  
F. YANG ◽  
L. CHEN ◽  
J. JIA ◽  
Y. L. HAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis

SUMMARYHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has caused public health concerns worldwide. We aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the HFMD epidemic in Qingdao, a port city in China. A total of 78641 cases were reported in Qingdao between January 2007 and December 2014. Of those, 71084 (90·39%) occurred in children aged 0–5 years, with an incidence of 1691·2/100000. The incidence increased from early spring, peaked between spring and summer, and decreased in late summer. Aetiological agents in all severe cases and selected mild cases were characterized by examining throat swabs. Except for enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), other EVs caused >50% of the HFMD cases between 2011 and 2014. EV71 was more frequent in the off-peak months than in the peak months and prone to causing more severe cases compared to CA16 (χ2 = 46·3, P < 0·001). CA10 caused more severe HFMD than did CA6 (χ2 = 20·49, P < 0·001) and all non-CA10 EVs (χ2 = 41·01, P < 0·001). Community-derived HFMD cases accounted for 65·11%. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that HFMD incidence in children aged 0–5 years was positively correlated with atmospheric temperature (rs = 0·77, P < 0·001), relative humidity (rs = 0·507, P < 0·001), and precipitation (rs = 0·328, P < 0·001). Climate changes and CA10 surveillance in communities should be integrated into the current prophylactic programme.

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