Bacterial and fungal profile, drug resistance pattern and associated factors of isolates recovered from blood samples of patients referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute: cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Blood stream infections are serious infections that usually induce prolongation of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality in several countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial and fungal profile, their drug resistance patterns, and risk factors associated with blood stream infections. Methods A cross sectional study design was conducted from February 23 to June 23, 2020 at Ethiopian public health. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic factors and clinical conditions. Blood specimens were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique and Vitek compact 2. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the potential risk factors. Results A total of 175 pathogens isolated from 346 blood specimens. Of these, 60% Gram-negative bacteria, 30.86% Gram-positive bacteria and 9.14% fungal isolates were identified. Burkholderia cepacia and Coagulase negative staphylococcus were the predominant pathogen among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria respectively. Among fungus, Candida krusei (56.25%) was the most predominant isolate. The highest proportions of antibacterial resistance were observed among 3rd generation cephalosporin and penicillin. Most fungal isolates expressed resistance to fluconazole. Sex (P = 0.007), age (P < 0.001) and use of invasive medical devices (P = 0.003) were identified as risk factors for bacterial blood stream infections. Conclusion The study showed high prevalence of blood stream infection was due to B. cepacia and non-C. albicans spp. This finding alarming ongoing investigation of blood stream infection is important for recognizing future potential preventive strategies including environmental hygiene and management of comorbid medical diseases to reduce the problem.

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Bacterial and Fungal Profile, Drug Resistance Pattern and Associated Factors of Isolates Recovered From Blood Samples of Patients Referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute: Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-628943/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Etsehiwot Adamu Tsegaye ◽

Dejenie Shiferaw Teklu ◽

Zelalem Tazu Bonger ◽

Abebe Assefa Negeri ◽

Tesfaye Legesse Bedada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Burkholderia Cepacia ◽

Blood Stream Infection ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Stream Infections ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Blood Specimens

Abstract Background Blood stream infections are serious infections that usually induce prolongation of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality in several countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial and fungal profile, their drug resistance patterns, and risk factors associated with blood stream infections. Methods A cross sectional study design was conducted from February 23 to June 23, 2020 at Ethiopian public health. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic factors and clinical conditions. Blood specimens were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and Vitek compact 2. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the potential risk factors. Results A total of 175 pathogens isolated from 346 blood specimens. Of these, 60% Gram-negative bacteria, 30.86% Gram-positive bacteria and 9.14% fungal isolates were identified. Burkholderia cepacia and Coagulase negative staphylococcus were the predominant pathogen among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria respectively. Among fungus, Candidia krusei (56.25%) was the most predominant isolate. The highest proportions of antibacterial resistance were observed among 3rd generation cephalosporin and penicillin. Most fungal isolates expressed resistance to fluconazole. Sex (p = 0.007), age (p < 0.001) and use of invasive medical devices (p = 0.003) were identified as risk factors for bacterial blood stream infections. Conclusion The study showed high prevalence of blood stream infection was due to Burkholderia cepacia and non-Candidia albicans spp. This finding alarming ongoing investigation of blood stream infection is important for recognizing future potential preventive strategies including environmental hygiene and management of comorbid medical diseases to reduce the problem.

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Pseudo-outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia blood stream infections in intensive care units of a super-speciality hospital: A cross-sectional study

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health ◽

10.5455/ijmsph.2017.0305723032017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Mohit Bhatia ◽

Poonam Loomba ◽

Bibhabati Mishra ◽

Vinita Dogra

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

Burkholderia Cepacia ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Stream Infections

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PATHOGENS CAUSING BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.12.850 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 1617-1623

Author(s):

Muhammad Saeed ◽

Farhan Rasheed ◽

Fouzia Ashraf ◽

Shagufta Iram ◽

Shahida Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Stream Infections ◽

Gram Negative

Blood stream infections (BSI) remain a major cause of debility and death aroundthe world. BSI accounts for 10-20% of all Nosocomial infections. Empirical antimicrobials arebased on the susceptibility pattern of the pathogens isolated in a specific institute from timeto time. We have conducted this study only on cardiac Patients over two & half years of studyduration. Study design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Microbiology Department, Allama IqbalMedical College/Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Study Period: January 2013 to July 2015. Materials& Methods: A total of 5411 blood culture specimens were collected from cardiac patientsincluding patients admitted to cardiology ward, coronary care unit (CCU), pre-operative andpost-operative cardiac surgery patients. The bottles containing BHI broth were incubated andwere subcultured after 24 hours, 72 hours, 120 hours, and 168 hours on blood and MacConkeyagars. Isolates were further identified with the help of Gram staining, biochemical reactionsand rapid tests like catalase, oxidase, coagulase, Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E and API20NE. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate was carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar byModified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique according to the isolate as per recommendationsof Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2013. Results: Out of total 5411patients, 3958(73.14%) were male, 1453(26.85%) were females. Out of total 5411 Specimens,only 486 (8.98%) were positive for bacterial growth. Out of total 486 positive blood cultures,261 (53.71%) were Gram positive isolates and 225 (46.29%) were Gram negative isolates.Out 486 positive blood cultures, 96 (19.75%) were from cardiology ward, 67 (13.78%) werefrom CCU, 113 (23.25%) were from pre operative cardiac surgery ward, 210 (43.20%) werefrom post operative cardiac surgery ward. Among Gram positives, Staphylococcus Specieswere most common organism isolated from 246 (50.61%) blood culture specimens. AmongGram negatives, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli were predominant organisms, isolatedfrom 81(16.66%) and 72(14.81%) blood culture specimens respectively. Conclusion: GramPositive isolates were more common as compared to Gram negative isolates. Vancomycin andLinezolid were the most effective drugs among Gram positive isolates. Piperacillin-Tazobactamwas most potent antimicrobial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For coli forms Tigecyclinewas most effective drug.

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PRRSV: Risikofaktoren und Herdenprävalenz in Deutschland

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.1055/a-0867-8990 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (02) ◽

pp. 132-132

Author(s):

Sebastian Ganz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Klinische Symptome

Nathues C, Janssen E, Duengelhoef A et al. Cross-sectional study on risk factors for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus sow herd instability in German breeding herds. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60 (1): 1–8 In mit PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom Virus) infizierten Schweinebeständen zeigen die Tiere oftmals ernsthafte klinische Symptome. Die Schwere der Symptomatik hängt von der Virulenz der jeweiligen Virusstämme ab. Deshalb ist die Impfung gegen diesen Erreger sinnvoll und wird empfohlen, auch wenn sie nicht immer klinische Fälle verhindert bzw. das Virus vollends eliminiert. Aufgrund dessen rückt die Prävention durch Verbesserung der innerbetrieblichen Abläufe zunehmend in den Fokus. Um solche Maßnahmen erfolgreich etablieren zu können, ist es wichtig, den epidemiologischen Status der Herde und mögliche Risikofaktoren zu kennen. Ziel der Studie war deshalb, die Prävalenz der Infektion in Sauenbetrieben in Norddeutschland zu eruieren und verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe hinsichtlich des Risikos der Erregerverbreitung zu untersuchen.

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