scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a cohort of Srilankan post-partum mothers: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedisha Imal Gankanda ◽  
Ileperuma Arachchige Gayani Malsha Gunathilake ◽  
Nalaka Lasantha Kahawala ◽  
Augustus Keshala Probhodana Ranaweera

Abstract Background Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) usually follows a catastrophic event. However, the experience of child birth can be severe enough to cause PTSD in some women. The aim of this study is to highlight the prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among a cohort of postpartum mothers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in field clinics of a semi-urban area in Sri Lanka. A pre-tested interviewer administered checklist was used to collect socio-demographic and pregnancy related data. Pre-existing self-administered, validated Sinhalese versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report (PSS-SR) were used to assess the presence of Post-Partum Depression (PPD) and PTSD, respectively. Each participant was assessed for PTSD and PPD after one, two and six months following delivery. Scores of PPD > 9 and PSS-SR > 13 were taken as screening positive for the two conditions, respectively. Results Two hundred and twenty-five mothers at the end of postpartum one month were recruited for the study. The response rate at their follow-up visits at the second and sixth months were 95 % (n = 214) and 93 % (n = 211). The prevalence of postpartum PTSD was 2.7 % (n = 6), 0.9 % (n = 2) and 0.5 % (n = 1) after one, two and sixth months respectively. Prevalence of postpartum PTSD was 3.6 % over 6 months. Verbal abuse during labour (p = 0.04) and the presence of postpartum depression (P ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with postpartum PTSD. There were no significant associations between PTSD and gestational age at delivery, index pregnancy being a planned pregnancy, a history of subfertility, family history of psychiatric disorders, intimate partner violence, receiving antenatal counseling, type and mode of delivery, duration of labour, presence of a labour companion, post-partum hemorrhage, manual removal of placenta, negative birth experience, low APGAR score of the baby at delivery, receiving neonatal and maternal intensive care, birth defects, problems with breast feeding or opportunity to discuss with a health care worker. Conclusions Prevalence of postpartum PTSD in this community-based study is 3.6 %; which is comparable with the overall global prevalence. PTSD was significantly associated with verbal abuse during labour and postpartum depression.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedisha Imal Gankanda ◽  
I.A.G.M.P Gunathilake ◽  
N.L. Kahawala ◽  
A.K.P. Ranaweera

Abstract BackgroundPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) usually follows a catastrophic event. However, the experience of child birth can be severe enough to cause PTSD in some women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in field clinics of a semi-urban area. A pre-tested interviewer administered checklist was used to collect socio-demographic and pregnancy related data. Pre-existing self-administered, validated Sinhalese versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report (PSS-SR) were used to assess the presence of Post-Partum Depression (PPD) and PTSD, respectively. Each participant was assessed at one, two and six months after the delivery for PTSD and PPD. Scores of PPD >9 and PSS-SR >13 were taken as positive for the two conditions, respectively. ResultsData was obtained from 225 women who were at their first month postpartum, for the initial study. The response rate at their follow-up visits at the second and sixth months were 95% (n=214) and 94% (n=211). The point prevalence of postpartum PTSD was recorded as 2.7% (n=6), 0.9% (n=2) and 0.5% (n=1) at their first, second and sixth month postpartum, respectively. A period prevalence of 3.6% was observed over 6 months. Verbal abuse during labour (p=0.04) and the presence of postpartum depression (P≤0.001) were significantly associated with postpartum PTSD. There were no significant associations between PTSD and gestational age at delivery, whether it was a pregnancy planned ahead or not, a history of subfertility, family history of psychiatric disorders, intimate partner violence, receiving antenatal counseling, type and mode of delivery, duration of labour, presence of a labour companion, mental trauma, presence of post-partum hemorrhage, manual removal of placenta, negative birth experience, low APGAR score of the baby at delivery, receiving neonatal and maternal intensive care, birth defects, problems with breast feeding or opportunities to discuss problems with a health care worker. ConclusionsPrevalence of postpartum PTSD in this semi-urban community during the study period was 3.6%; which is in par with the overall global prevalence. PTSD was significantly associated with verbal abuse during labour and postpartum depression.


Salud Mental ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Eloísa Fernández Ordóñez ◽  
Cristóbal Rengel Díaz ◽  
Isabel María Morales Gil ◽  
María Teresa Labajos Manzanares

Introduction. The loss of a pregnancy puts women at risk of suffering post-traumatic stress disorder. This circumstance can influence a subsequent pregnancy, and the link with the future baby. Objective. The main objective of this work was to identify the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among post-partum women who give birth after having suffered a previous gestational loss and to identify possible relationships between PTSD and the variables studied. Method. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. A total of 115 puerperal women who had suffered a previous gestational loss completed questionnaires containing sociodemographic variables, obstetric history, and responses to the Davidson Trauma Scale. Results. A score of 40 was established as a cut-off point in the Davidson Trauma Scale for the identification of PTSD. 21.7% of the participants scored 40 or above. Significant differences were found related to age (p = .030), number of pregnancies (p = .033), and number of gestational losses (p = .001). The probability of PTSD increases significantly in relation to the number of losses. Respondents are 2.55 times (β = .94 p = .027) more likely to suffer PTSD the higher the number of gestational losses suffered. Discussion and conclusion. There are significant differences in the presence of PTSD among puerperal women in terms of age, number of pregnancies, and number of gestational losses. Post-partum women are more likely to suffer PTSD after a gestational loss the higher the number of gestational losses suffered.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Malliarou ◽  
Dimitra Tsapakidi ◽  
Mairi Gouva ◽  
Evaggelia Kotrotsiou ◽  
Athanasios Nikolentzos ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The number of refugees and displaced people who have been forced to migrate due to war, mass violence and political instability has reached unprecedented levels. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of depression, resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in asylum-seeker war refugees, temporally stationed in Larisa, Central Greece, through self-administered questionnaire. Simple regression, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and one-way Anova was used.Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with asylum-seeker war refugees residing in Larisa at a number of apartments rented and ran by the UNHCR and the municipality of Larisa. For the data collection PHQ-9 questionnaire, CD-RISC questionnaire and Harvard Trauma questionnaire (HTQ) were used. Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.Results A total of 64 immigrants (40 males and 23 females, 1-mssing value) agreed to participate in the research. The mean age was 35.72 (SD 7.45), 35 respondents were classified as increased PTSD (scores > 2.5). The results showed a physically and exhausted sample, with marginal mental strength (Mean = 59.38%), fluctuating between moderate (N% = 28.10%) and severe depression (N% = 28.10%). About one in two participants (N% = 54.70%) showed signs of post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD, reporting traumatic experiences that mainly involved immediate events of violence, i.e. beating, while there were very few cases of sexual abuse or violence. A key factor in the formulation of PTSD, depression and Mental Stress Indicators was found to be age but limited to 43 years.Conclusion This study revealed that the refugees of the sample are tired, after being absent and idle for about 2 years from their homeland, in a marginal state of collapse. The most important event-hope that sustains its moderate resilience is the grant of asylum and the hope of arrival in the country of destination.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Trima Gurung ◽  
Damaru Prasad Paneru

Children and adolescents are more prone to developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorders. Objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and associated factors among secondary level students in Chautara Municipality, Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted among 249 secondary level students. Data were collected using population proportionate sampling method along with UCLA PTSD RI with 31 questionnaires DSM V tool was used to assess the PTSD symptom. Questionnaire was design to obtain socio demographic factor and earthquake exposure. Factor associated with PTSD development was assessed through chi square and binary logistic regression. Mean age of respondents was 15.42±1.079 years. Majority of them were middle adolescents (74.3%) and 25.7 percent were early adolescents. More than half of respondents were female 54.6 percent. This study revealed that PTSD was found to be among 27(10.8%) respondents and dissociative subtype PTSD was among 14(5.6%) respondents. Age was significantly associated with development of PTSD. Earthquake exposures like financial constraints after earthquake food deficiency displacement due to earthquake was the major factors associated with PTSD development. Psychological tutorship for PTSD is found to be protective factors for PTSD development in adolescents. PTSD was quite high among the secondary level students after six month of earthquake in Chautara municipality, Sindupalchwok district and psychological tutorship and humanitarian program for traumatized students could prevent development of PTSD. Key words: Post traumatic stress disorder; Associated factors; Earthquake; Secondary levels students


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽  
John Carlos Pedrozo-Pupo ◽  
Edwin Herazo

AbstractThe study’s objective was to establish the prevalence and variables associated with post-traumatic stress disorder risk (PTSD-R) in a sample of COVID-19 survivors in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was designed with a non-probabilistic sample of adult COVID-19 survivors. Participants were demographically characterized and completed scales for depression risk, insomnia risk, and PTSD-R. Three hundred and thirty COVID-19 survivors between 18 and 89 years participated; 61.52% were women. The frequency of depression risk was 49.70%; insomnia risk, 60.61%; and PTSD-R, 13.33%. Depression risk (OR = 41.43, 95% CI 5.54 – 311.63), insomnia risk (OR = 5.25, 95% CI 1.77 – 18.71), low income (OR = 3.46, 95% CI 1.38 – 8.67) and being married or free union (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.13 – 6.22) were associated with PTSD-R. In conclusion, two out of every fifteen COVID-19 survivors are in PTSD-R. Depression and insomnia risk are strongly associated with PTSD-R in COVID-19 survivors.


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