scholarly journals Short-term functional outcome in psychotic patients: results of the Turku early psychosis study (TEPS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo K. R. Salokangas ◽  
Tiina From ◽  
Tuula Ilonen ◽  
Sinikka Luutonen ◽  
Markus Heinimaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Premorbid Adjustment ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Subclinical Psychosis

Abstract Background Functional recovery of patients with clinical and subclinical psychosis is associated with clinical, neuropsychological and developmental factors. Less is known about how these factors predict functional outcomes in the same models. We investigated functional outcomes and their predictors in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or a confirmed or nonconfirmed clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P vs. CHR-N). Methods Altogether, 130 patients with FEP, 60 patients with CHR-P and 47 patients with CHR-N were recruited and extensively examined at baseline (T0) and 9 (T1) and 18 (T2) months later. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) at T0, T1 and T2 and psychotic, depression, and anxiety symptoms at T1 and T2 were assessed. Functional outcomes were predicted using multivariate repeated ANOVA. Results During follow-up, the GAF score improved significantly in patients with FEP and CHR-P but not in patients with CHR-N. A single marital status, low basic education level, poor work situation, disorganization symptoms, perceptual deficits, and poor premorbid adjustment in patients with FEP, disorganization symptoms and poor premorbid adjustment in patients with CHR-P, and a low basic education level, poor work situation and general symptoms in patients with CHR-N predicted poor functional outcomes. Psychotic symptoms at T1 in patients with FEP and psychotic and depression symptoms at T1 and anxiety symptoms at T2 in patients with CHR-P were associated with poor functioning. Conclusions In patients with FEP and CHR-P, poor premorbid adjustment and disorganization symptomatology are common predictors of the functional outcome, while a low education level and poor work situation predict worse functional outcomes in patients with FEP and CHR-N. Interventions aimed at improving the ability to work and study are most important in improving the functioning of patients with clinical or subclinical psychosis.

scholarly journals Short-term functional outcome in psychotic patients. Results of the Turku Early Psychosis Study (TEPS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo K. R. Salokangas ◽  
Tiina From ◽  
Tuula Ilonen ◽  
Sinikka Luutonen ◽  
Markus Heinimaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Poor Functional Outcome ◽  
Premorbid Adjustment ◽  
T1 And T2

AbstractBackgroundFunctional recovery of patients with clinical and sub-clinical psychosis is associated with clinical, neuropsychological and developmental factors. Less is known how these factors predict functional outcome in same models.AimWe investigated functional outcome and its predictors in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or confirmed vs. non-confirmed clinical high risk to psychosis (CHR-P vs. CHR-N).MethodsAltogether, 130 FEP, 60 CHR-P and 47 CHR-N patients were recruited and extensively examined at baseline (T0) and at 9 (T1) and 18 (T2) months after baseline. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) at T0, T1 and T2, and psychotic, depression and anxiety symptoms at T1 and T2 were assessed. Functional outcome was predicted in multivariate repeated ANOVA.ResultsDuring follow-up, GAF improved significantly in FEP and CHR-P but not in CHR-N patients. In FEP, single marital status, low basic education, poor work situation, disorganised symptoms, perceptual deficits and poor premorbid adjustment, in CHR-P, disorganised symptoms and poor premorbid adjustment and in CHR-N, low basic education, poor work situation and general symptoms predicted poor functional outcome. In FEP, psychotic symptoms at T1 and in CHR-P, psychotic and depression symptoms at T1 and anxiety symptoms at T2 associated with poor functioning.DiscussionIn FEP and CHR-P patients, poor premorbid adjustment and disorganised symptomatology are common predictors for functional outcome, while poor education and work situation predict poor functional outcome in FEP and CHR-N patients. Interventions aimed to improve studying and ability to work are most important in improving functioning of patients with clinical or subclinical psychosis.

scholarly journals Short-term Functional Outcome in Psychotic Patients. Results of the Turku Early Psychosis Study (TEPS).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimo K. R. Salokangas ◽  
Tiina From ◽  
Tuula Ilonen ◽  
Sinikka Luutonen ◽  
Markus Heinimaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Poor Functional Outcome ◽  
Premorbid Adjustment ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract Background: Functional recovery of patients with clinical and sub-clinical psychosis is associated with clinical, neuropsychological and developmental factors. Less is known how these factors predict functional outcome in same models. We investigated functional outcome and its predictors in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or confirmed vs. non-confirmed clinical high risk to psychosis (CHR-P vs. CHR-N). Methods: Altogether, 130 FEP, 60 CHR-P and 47 CHR-N patients were recruited and extensively examined at baseline (T0) and at 9 (T1) and 18 (T2) months after baseline. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) at T0, T1 and T2, and psychotic, depression, and anxiety symptoms at T1 and T2 were assessed. Functional outcome was predicted in multivariate repeated ANOVA. Results: During follow-up, GAF improved significantly in FEP and CHR-P but not in CHR-N patients. In FEP, single marital status, low basic education, poor work situation, disorganised symptoms, perceptual deficits, and poor premorbid adjustment, in CHR-P, disorganised symptoms and poor premorbid adjustment and in CHR-N, low basic education, poor work situation and general symptoms predicted poor functional outcome. In FEP, psychotic symptoms at T1 and in CHR-P, psychotic and depression symptoms at T1 and anxiety symptoms at T2 associated with poor functioning. Conclusions: In FEP and CHR-P patients, poor premorbid adjustment and disorganised symptomatology are common predictors for functional outcome, while poor education and work situation predict poor functional outcome in FEP and CHR-N patients. Interventions aimed to improve studying and ability to work are most important in improving functioning of patients with clinical or subclinical psychosis.

scholarly journals Investigation of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia-Ioanna Gerontoukou ◽  
Sofia Michaelidoy ◽  
Maria Rekleiti ◽  
Maria Saridi ◽  
Kyriakos Souliotis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Chronic Patients

The health of an individual depends on both his/her physical and psychological condition. In recent years it has been observed that chronic patients have frequently an affected psycho-emotional state. The purpose of this study is to investigate anxiety and depression in patients with chronic diseases and the correlation of the results with daily physical activity levels and individual health levels, as well comorbidity. This study included patients with chronic diseases that were treated in a local general hospital or were visiting often outpatient clinics of the same hospital due to their condition. The sample in this particular study included 204 patients; 118 of them were women and 86 men. From the total sample that participated in our research, 118 (57.8%) were females and the majority of the participants were secondary/basic education graduates (67%), married (71%), living in urban areas (53%). Hypertension was the most frequent chronic disease in our sample, followed by hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Comparing the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms in both questionnaires in relation to the expected frequency in the general population, significant levels of depression and anxiety symptoms were recorded. Taking into consideration the findings of this research, anxiety and depression symptoms can have profound effects regarding the control of chronic diseases, the patients’ quality of life and their general health.

scholarly journals The relation between marriage characteristics and depression and anxiety symptoms in married women aged 15-49 years15-49 yaş evli kadınlarda depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri ile evlilik özelliklerinin ilişkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Şule Ergöl ◽  
Ayşe Kuzu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Legal Marriage

Depression, anxiety, and high rates of comorbidity are related to interconnected and co-occurrent risk factors such as gender based roles, stressors and negative life experiences and events. The goal of this study is to determine the relation between the observation frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms and marriage characteristics, and depression and anxiety indicators in married women between ages 15-49. The sample group of this descriptive study consists of 203 married women between ages 15-49, residing in Zonguldak province in an area nearby public health clinic nearby, who consented to taking part in this study. Among the women, 29.1% displayed varying symptoms of depression, 38.4% displayed anxiety symptoms. In terms of the education level of women (respectively p<.001; p<.001), the spouse’s education level (p<.001; p<.001), the spouse’s alcohol consumption habits (p<.001; p=.003) and monthly income (p<.001; p<.001), a significant difference was observed in Beck Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale points (p=.005). Additionally, the depression points of women who smoke were significantly higher than others. In terms of the approval of marriage by family, a significant difference was observed in women’s depression (p=.014) and anxiety (p=.026) points. Among the women participated in study, those with a legal marriage were observed to have higher depression (p=.007) and anxiety (p<.001) points. The depression (p<.001) and anxiety (p<.001) points who expressed that their spouses did never understood them were observed to be significantly higher than other. Symptoms of depression and anxiety can be widely observed in married women between ages 15-49. Among the women those with the following conditions, depression and anxiety symptoms can be observed with higher frequency; low education levels for themselves and their spouses, low income household, with legal marriage, married without knowing their spouses at all beforehand, those with marriages not approved by their families and who believe their spouses don’t understand them. Additionally, high frequency of depression symptoms can be observed in women who smoke, or whose spouses consume alcohol daily or once in a week. As the age and number of children increases, the level of anxiety also tends to increase in women. ÖzetDepresyon, anksiyete ve yüksek komorbidite hızı toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı roller, stresörler, olumsuz yaşam deneyimleri ve sonuçları gibi birbirine bağlı ve birlikte gerçekleşen risk faktörleri ile ilişkilidir. Çalışmanın amacı 15-49 yaş evli kadınlarda depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri görülme sıklığı ve evlilik özellikleri ile depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan çalışmanın örneklemini Zonguldak ilinde bir sağlık ocağı bölgesinde yaşayan, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 15-49 yaş grubundaki 203 evli kadın oluşturdu. Kadınların %29.1’inde farklı düzeylerde depresyon belirtileri, %38.4’ünde anksiyete belirtileri bulundu. Kadınların eğitim durumları (sırasıyla p<.001; p<.001), eşlerinin eğitim durumları (p<.001; p<.001), eşin alkol kullanma durumu (p<.001; p=.003) ve aylık geliri (p<.001; p<.001)’ne göre hem Beck Depresyon Ölçek, hem de Beck Anksiyete Ölçek puanları arasında anlamlı fark bulundu. Ayrıca sigara içen kadınların depresyon puanları diğerlerinden anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p=.005). Evliliğin ailelerce onaylanma durumuna göre kadınların depresyon (p=.014) ve anksiyete (p=.026) puanları arasında diğer kadınlara göre anlamlı fark bulundu. Çalışmaya katılan yalnızca resmi nikâhı olan kadınların depresyon (p=.007) ve anksiyete (p<.001) puanları daha yüksek bulundu. Eşlerinin kendisini hiç anlamadığını ifade eden kadınların depresyon(p<.001) ve anksiyete (p<.001) puanlarının diğerlerinden anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu saptandı. 15-49 yaş evli kadınlarda depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri yaygın olarak görülmektedir.  Kendisinin ve eşinin eğitim düzeyi düşük olan, az gelirli, sadece resmi nikâhla evlenmiş, eşlerini hiç tanımadan evlenen, evlilikleri ailelerce onaylanmamış ve eşinin kendisini anlamadığını düşünen kadınlarda hem anksiyete hem de depresyon belirtileri yüksek oranda görülmektedir. Ayrıca sigara içen kadınlarla, eşleri her gün ya da haftada bir alkol alan kadınlarda yüksek oranlarda depresyon belirtileri görülmektedir. Kadınların yaşı ve çocuk sayısı arttıkça anksiyetesi de artmaktadır.

scholarly journals COVID-19 lockdown has altered the dynamics between affective symptoms and social isolation among older adults: results from a longitudinal network analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Yu ◽  
Rathi Mahendran
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractThe COVID-19 lockdown has drastically limited social interactions and brought about a climate of fear and uncertainty. These circumstances not only increased affective symptoms and social isolation among community dwelling older adults but also alter the dynamics between them. Using network analyses, we study the changes in these dynamics before and during the lockdown. Community-dwelling older adults (N = 419) completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, and social isolation, before the COVID-19 pandemic, as part of a cohort study, and during the lockdown period. The total scores of these questionnaires were compared across time. For the network analyses, partial correlation networks were constructed using items in the questionnaires as nodes, separately at both timepoints. Changes in edges, as well as nodal and bridge centrality were examined across time. Depression and anxiety symptoms, and social isolation had significantly increased during the lockdown. Significant changes were observed across time on several edges. Greater connectivity between the affective and social isolation nodes at lockdown was observed. Depression symptoms have become more tightly coupled across individuals, and so were the anxiety symptoms. Depression symptoms have also become slightly decoupled from those of anxiety. These changing network dynamics reflect the greater influence of social isolation on affective symptoms across individuals and an increased vulnerability to affective disorders. These findings provide novel perspectives and translational implications on the changing mental health context amidst a COVID-19 pandemic situation.

Scaphoid Nonunion Is a Disabling Problem in a Military Population

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472110031
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Lake ◽  
Rafae Khan ◽  
Kyle W. Mombell ◽  
Mary Fergus ◽  
Dominic Gomez-Leonardelli
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Outcome Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Return To Duty

Background Scaphoid nonunion can occur in up to 55% of displaced scaphoid fractures. Long-term functional outcomes of this injury are lacking. In addition, no study has published rate of return to active military service after this injury. Our goal was to educate providers and patients on expected functional outcomes and return to duty after treatment of scaphoid nonunion. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent scaphoid nonunion repair at our institution from 2008 to 2017. The primary outcome measures were union rates, return to duty rates, and functional outcome scores obtained by telephone call. A total of 144 patients were included and 40 responded to our call for long-term follow-up. Results A total of 72% of patients achieved union after surgery, 18% required revision surgery, and 74% of patients were able to return to full duty after surgery. However, this number progressively decreased at 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery. At an average of 5.9 years after surgery, the mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (qDASH) score was 23.9. The mean qDASH for patients who achieved union (21.9) was significantly lower than those with persistent nonunion (29.2) ( P = .0115). Conclusion Scaphoid nonunion is a difficult problem in the military. We found a high rate of persistent nonunion often requiring revision to partial or full wrist arthrodesis. In addition, our long-term functional outcome scores demonstrate significant disability after this injury, even when union is achieved. This information can help us better counsel our patients and set expectations after treatment of this injury.

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation, psychopathology and associated factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youdiil Ophinni ◽  
Adrian ◽  
Kristiana Siste ◽  
Martina Wiwie ◽  
Gina Anindyajati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Suicidal behavior is a prevalent psychiatric emergency in HIV-infected adults. Detection of suicidal ideation is important in planning early psychiatric intervention and optimizing HIV/AIDS management. Characterization of suicidal ideation among HIV-infected adults is crucial; however, practically there is no data in Indonesia, the country with the second largest burden of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. This study aims to identify suicidal ideation and analyze the associated psychopathology and determining factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected adults aged 18–65 years old receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was performed to assess the existing psychopathology. Firth’s penalized logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results A total of 86 subjects were recruited. Most subjects were male (65.1%), median age was 35 years, and median latest CD4 count was 463 cells/μl. Lifetime suicidal ideation was identified in 20 subjects (23.3%). Mean SCL-90 T-score for depressive and anxiety symptoms were both significantly higher among subjects with suicidal ideation (M = 60.75, SD = 12.0, p = 0.000 and M = 57.9, SD = 2.8, p = 0.001, respectively) compared to those without. Bivariate analyses showed that lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, non-marital status, CD4 count < 500 cells/μl, and efavirenz use. Multivariate analysis identified that a single-point increase in SCL-90 depression symptoms score (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 4.5–123.6, p = 0.000) and efavirenz use (AOR 5.00, 95% CI 1.02–24.6, p = 0.048) were significant independent factors related to suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicidal ideation is commonly found among Indonesian HIV-infected adults on ART. Depressive symptoms and efavirenz use are independent factors related to the presence of suicidal ideation. Thus, early screening of psychopathology as well as substitution of efavirenz with other ART regiment are recommended to prevent suicide and improve HIV/AIDS management outcome.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL REGRESI LOGISTIK MULTINOMIAL PADA PENGELOMPOKAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mella Apriyani ◽  
Jajang Jajang ◽  
Agustini Tripena Br. Sb.
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

There are three types of  Tuberculosis (TB) patients at Banyumas Region Hospital, namely negative  pulmonary TB, positive pulmonary TB, and extra pulmonary TB. Types of TB generally caused by age, cae of history, gender, level of education, and domicile. One of the methods that used to find a correlation between types of TB with the affect is regression analysis. This study used multinomial logistic regession analysis because types of TB is categorical and the data is 156 TB’s patients recorded at 2018/2019. The result showed that the level of education be a dominant factor to affect TB. Here, we noted that patients with basic education level have a 5,843 time odds for getting positive pulmonary TB and 2,224 times for getting extra pulmonary TB. The multinomial logistic regression model is then given as probability for getting positive pulmonary TB with factor level of education is greather than negative pulmonary TB and extra pulmonary TB.

Functional Outcomes After Fracture-Dislocation of the Ankle

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Direk Tantigate ◽  
Gavin Ho ◽  
Joshua Kirschenbaum ◽  
Henrik C. Bäcker ◽  
Benjamin Asherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Ankle Fracture ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Pain Subscale ◽  
Fracture Dislocations

Background. Fracture dislocation of the ankle represents a substantial injury to the bony and soft tissue structures of the ankle. There has been only limited reporting of functional outcome of ankle fracture-dislocations. This study aimed to compare functional outcome after open reduction internal fixation in ankle fractures with and without dislocation. Methods. A retrospective chart review of surgically treated ankle fractures over a 3- year period was performed. Demographic data, type of fracture, operative time and complications were recorded. Of 118 patients eligible for analysis, 33 (28%) sustained a fracture-dislocation. Mean patient age was 46.6 years; 62 patients, who had follow-up of at least 12 months, were analyzed for functional outcome assessed by the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). The median follow-up time was 37 months. Demographic variables and FAOS were compared between ankle fractures with and without dislocation. Results. The average age of patients sustaining fracture-dislocation was greater (53 vs 44 years, P = .017); a greater percentage were female (72.7% vs 51.8%, P = .039) and diabetic (24.2% vs 7.1%, P = .010). Wound complications were similar between both groups. FAOS was generally poorer in the fracture-dislocation group, although only the pain subscale demonstrated statistical significance (76 vs 92, P = .012). Conclusion. Ankle fracture-dislocation occurred more frequently in patients who were older, female, and diabetic. At a median of just > 3-year follow-up, functional outcomes in fracture-dislocations were generally poorer; the pain subscale of FAOS was worse in a statistically significant fashion. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III

scholarly journals Comparison of biotechnological culture of hypoxia-conditioned rat mesenchymal stem cells with conventional in vitro culture of normoxia-conditioned rat mesenchymal stem cells for testicular failure therapy with low libido in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erma Safitri ◽  
Mas'ud Hariadi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Testicular Failure

Aim: Biotechnological culture of hypoxia-conditioned (CH) rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC-CH) for testicular failure therapy with low libido improves the functional outcome of the testicle for producing spermatogenic cells and repairs Leydig cells in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods: In the first group (T1), rats with testicular failure and low libido were injected with normoxia-conditioned (CN) rMSCs (21% oxygen); in the second group (T2), rats with testicular failure and low libido were injected with rMSC-CH (1% oxygen); in the negative control group (T–), rats with normal testis were injected with 0.1 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); and in the sham group (TS), rats with testicular failure and low libido were injected with 0.1 mL of PBS. Results: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression, as the homing signal, in the groups T2, T–, T1, and TS was 2.00±0.5%, 2.95±0.4%, 0.33±0.48%, and 0±0%, respectively. The number of cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ and CD45+ cells in the groups T– and TS was <20%, whereas that in T1 and T2 groups was >30% and >80%, respectively, showing the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The number of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatid) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in TS compared with that in T–, T1, and T2, whereas that in T2 did not show a significant (p>0.05) decrease compared to that in T–. The improvement in libido, based on the number of Leydig cells producing the hormone testosterone for libido expression, did not increase in T1, whereas T2 was able to maintain the number of Leydig cells significantly compared to that between TS and T1. Conclusion: rMSC-CH culture for testicular failure with low libido showed improvement in the functional outcome of the testicle and in repairing Leydig cells.

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