scholarly journals Characteristics of persons who died by suicide in prison in France: 2017–2018

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Vanhaesebrouck ◽  
Amélie Tostivint ◽  
Thomas Lefèvre ◽  
Maria Melchior ◽  
Imane Khireddine-Medouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Act 60 ◽  
Remaining Time

Abstract Background In northern countries, suicide rates among prisoners are at least three times higher for men and nine times higher for women than in the general population. The objective of this study is to describe the sociodemographic, penal, health characteristics and circumstances of suicide of French prisoners who died by suicide. Methods This study is an intermediate analysis of the French epidemiological surveillance program of suicides in prison. All suicides in prison in 2017–2018 in France were included in the study. Archival sociodemographic and penal data and specific data on the circumstances of the suicidal act were provided by the National Prison Service. Health data was provided by physicians working in prison using a standardized questionnaire. Results In 2017–2018, 235 prisoners died by suicide. The suicide rate was 16.8/10 000 person-years. Among suicide cases, 94.9% were male, 27.2% were under 30, 25.1% were aged 30 to 39, 27.7% were aged 40 to 49 and 20.0% were 50 or older. At the time of suicide, 48.5% were on custodial remand. Incarceration is associated with a threefold increase in the frequency of anxio-depressive disorders (24.6% in prison versus 8.2% before prison). The week before the suicidal act, 60% of prisoners visited the health unit and a significant event was detected for 61% of all cases. Suicide was less than 1 week after prison entry for 11.9% of prisoners, corresponding to a suicide rate 6.4 (CI95% [4.3 – 9.5]) times higher than for the remaining time in prison, and was more than 1 year after entry for 33.7% of them. Conclusions The high frequency of events the week before suicide in our study suggests that events in prison could play a role in the occurrence of suicides. Comparative studies are needed to further explore the time association between events and suicide in prison. As most of prisoners who died by suicide visited the health unit the week before suicide, the identification of triggering factors could help psychiatrists and other health professionals to assess the short-term risk of suicide and to implement preventive measures.

Short-Term Psychotherapy of Depressive Disorders

Psychiatry ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin B. Jarrett ◽  
A. John Rush
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Term

Peculiarities of the course of toxoplasmosis and toxocarosis in modern conditions of the сovid-19pandemic and their prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
O. V. Bobrova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Mikhanovska ◽  
K. A. Krivonos ◽  
S. M. Vorobyov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
National Program ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Near Future

The article is devoted (dedicated) to topical problems of socially significant parasitosis, peculiarities of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, measures of prevention of these parasitic invasions. Ways of infection, clinical features of chronic toxoplasmosis in the acute stage, and toxocariasis are described. An overview of modern methods of diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis is presented, the necessity of line-blot analysis in our country is described, first of all, to clarify the stage of the disease in congenital toxoplasmosis, as well as for differential diagnosis of stages of this disease. treatment of patients with toxoplasmosis invasion. Indications for examination of patients with toxoplasmosis are presented. The main measures for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis, which is dangerous for newborns, are outlined. Preventive measures to prevent toxocariasis infection are described, which is a necessary basis for improving the system of epidemiological surveillance for the spread of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in all regions of our country. Emphasis was placed on the need to strengthen control by government agencies to prevent parasitological pollution, the urgency of establishing a National Program for surveillance of parasitic infestations in the near future to control their spread and prevent serious consequences for the health of infected, the need and feasibility of specialized treatment centers. and rehabilitation of patients with parasitic infestations, primarily toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis. The necessity of dispensary observation for persons from risk groups for severe toxoplasmosis – pregnant women, immunocompromised persons, persons with immunodeficiency of different genesis, the main solutions for the prevention of these parasites.

scholarly journals Time of Day Influences Nonattendance at Urgent Short-Term Mental Health Unit in Victoria, British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivian Weinerman ◽  
VI Glossop ◽  
Randy Wong ◽  
Lara Robinson ◽  
Karen White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mental Health Unit ◽  
First Time

Objectives: To identify the patient profile of first-time no-shows (FTNS) and to examine which process variables predict FTNS. Method: We developed a questionnaire exploring variables that might impact attendance. Of 779 referrals over 9 months, all FTNS ( n = 60) and a sample of randomly selected control subjects ( n = 60) completed the questionnaire. Results: The FTNS rate was 7.7%. A set of 10 variables predicted FTNS at 80% accuracy. Most significant was our finding that “time of day of first appointment” showed a novel and practical difference between FTNS and control subjects. Patients were 3.6 times more likely to show for first appointments scheduled in the afternoon. Conclusions: Simply making first appointments in the afternoon could significantly decrease FTNS incidence.

Clinical Development of Antidepressive Drugs - the Viewpoint of the Industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. de Bodinat ◽  
B. Delalleau
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinical Development Program ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Patients

The clinical development program strategy of a new treatment of depression to be registered in Europe must be built in agreement with recommendations of the CHMP guidance.Demonstration that an antidepressant is effective in treatment of major depressive disorders requires consideration of specific recommendations notably regarding the use of placebo and reference drugs, efficacy assessment, designs features and safety aspects.In the field of depression, comparisons between test medicinal product and reference drugs are difficult to interpretate since the level of placebo response is high and variable. An adequate evaluation of antidepressant efficacy is firstly based on randomised double blind comparison versus placebo. For short term efficacy, studies with 6 week-treatment period are required and three arm trials including placebo and active control are recommended. Regarding the long term efficacy, relapse prevention study is the design recommended for demonstrating that the short term effect can be maintained over time.Assessment of efficacy criteria includes both clinical relevance and statisitical significance, particularly:Improvement expressed as difference between baseline and post-treatment score in symptomatology and as proportion of responders.Remission, defined as a condition where no or only few signs remained, with a justified cut-off on a validated rating-scale.In randomised withdrawal trials, efficacy is expressed as number of patients relapsing and/or time to relapse.The acceptable scales for use as primary endpoint include the HAM-D17 scale, the MADRS scale. Cautions regarding designs features, safety assessment and the global methodological issues faced in conducting such program will be detailed in the presentation.

scholarly journals Assessing Community Empowerment for an Innovative Epidemiologic Approach

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Melo ◽  
João Neves-Amado ◽  
Alexandra Pereira ◽  
Cândida Maciel ◽  
Tiago Vieira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Health State ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Public Health Unit ◽  
Nursing Leaders ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses

Community empowerment can be a process, but also the result of nursing care. To analyze it as a result there is an instrument that allows to quantify its level in nine domains. According to Melo (2020), health centers can be considered communities, becoming the potential target of community and public health nurses care, especially in the public health unit. One of the main functions of a public health unit is the epidemiological surveillance of the population’s health state. However, traditional epidemiological surveillance is focused on diseases and Melo (2020) proposes a new approach for epidemiology focused on people in what concerns nursing diagnosis. The aim of this research is to identify the level of empowerment of four Portuguese primary healthcare structures, named as ACeS, so as to improve the epidemiological surveillance of nursing diagnoses. As methodology, we developed four focus group with all nursing leaders from all primary care units of the four ACeS, using the Portuguese version of the empowerment assessment rating scale. The results present the level of community empowerment of each ACeS according to the nine domains of the scale. The needs of intervention to improve the ACeS empowerment were also identified in order to develop the epidemiological surveillance of nursing diagnoses.

scholarly journals COVID19-world: a shiny application to perform comprehensive country-specific data visualization for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Tebé ◽  
Joan Valls ◽  
Pau Satorra ◽  
Aurelio Tobías
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shiny Application ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Background Data analysis and visualization is an essential tool for exploring and communicating findings in medical research, especially in epidemiological surveillance. Results Data on COVID-19 diagnosed cases and mortality, from January 1st, 2020, onwards is collected automatically from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). We have developed a Shiny application for data visualization and analysis of several indicators to follow the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic using ECDC data. A country-specific tool for basic epidemiological surveillance, in an interactive and user-friendly manner. The available analyses cover time trends and projections, attack rate, population fatality rate, case fatality rate, and basic reproduction number. Conclusions The COVID19-World online web application systematically produces daily updated country-specific data visualization and analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic worldwide. The application may help for a better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic worldwide.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations: Risk factor of commiting suicide

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
Caslav Milic
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Way

Introduction. Suicide is a conscious and deliberate extermination of one?s own life. Suicidal motives can be exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous factors are those from social and economic sphere, moral and political ones. There are numerous elements: demographic, socio-pathological, clinical-psychopathological and, in recent time, seasonal variations and meteorological characteristics are considered to be significant. Aim. On the basis of the analyzed literature the aim of this paper was to show the connection among seasonal variations, frequency and suicidal features. Methods. Numerous epidemiological analyses of suicide have found a connection between suicide and seasonal variations. The connection between seasonal variations and suicide regarding the way of committing it (violent and nonviolent one) has been checked. Seasons, particularly spring and summer, have influence on suicide, which confirms the fact that suicide rate in time corresponds with seasonal variations. Results. Suicides in younger age groups of both sexes show smaller asymmetry in seasonal distribution than in older groups. Seasonal influence on suicide rate has been proved to be bigger in men than in women. As for the connection between seasonal characteristics and suicide regarding the way of committing it (violent and nonviolent suicide) most studies show that suicide, but only the violent one, is in direct connection with seasons. Annual trend shows the peak from March to May (from early to late spring) for violent suicide. Conclusion. To have knowledge about the influence of seasonal variations on committing suicide is very important for taking adequate preventive measures, especially in those countries which have high rate of suicide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document