Factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa: a systematic review

Abstract Background Vaccine preventable diseases are still the most common cause of childhood mortality, with an estimated 3 million deaths every year, mainly in Africa and Asia. An estimate of 29% deaths among children aged 1–59 months were due to vaccine preventable diseases. Despite the benefits of childhood immunisation, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines has remained poor in some African countries, such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%) and Ghana (57%). The aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influence childhood immunisation uptake in Africa, as well as to provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations which will improve childhood immunisation uptake. Methods We conducted a systematic review of articles on the factors influencing under-five childhood immunisation uptake in Africa. This was achieved by using various keywords and searching multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection) dating back from inception to 2020. Results Out of 18,708 recorded citations retrieved, 10,396 titles were filtered and 324 titles remained. These 324 abstracts were screened leading to 51 included studies. Statistically significant factors found to influence childhood immunisation uptake were classified into modifiable and non-modifiable factors and were further categorised into different groups based on relevance. The modifiable factors include obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation, whereas non-modifiable factors were sociodemographic factors of parent and child, logistic and administration factors. Conclusion Different factors were found to influence under-five childhood immunisation uptake among parents in Africa. Immunisation health education intervention among pregnant women, focusing on the significant findings from this systematic review, would hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake in African countries with poor coverage rates.

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Factors Influencing Childhood Immunization Uptake in Africa: A Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39516/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abubakar Nasiru Galadima ◽

Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli ◽

Salmiah Md. ◽

Norliza Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Outcome Expectation ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Childhood Immunization ◽

African Countries ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background:Vaccine Preventable Diseases are still the most common cause of childhood mortality with an estimated of approximately 3 million death every year mainly in Africa and Asia and about 29% of deaths among children aged 1–59 months were as a result of vaccine preventable.Despite the benefit of childhood immunization uptake, routine vaccination coverage for all recommended Expand Program on Immunization vaccines has remained poor in some African countries such as Nigeria (31%), Ethiopia (43%), Uganda (55%) and Ghana (57%). The aim of this study is to collate evidence on the factors that influences childhood immunization uptake in Africa and also provide evidence for future researchers in developing, implementing and evaluating intervention among African populations that will improve childhood immunization uptake.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles on the factors influencing under-five childhood immunization uptake in Africa through using various keywords and we searched multiple databases (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Psychology and behavioural data collection) dated from inception to 2019. Results: Of 17,208 records citations retrieved, 240 abstracts were screened leading to 46 included studies: Thefactors that were found to influence the childhood immunization uptake were classified into modifiable and non-modifiable factors and were further classified into different groups based on its relevance. Themodifiable factors include: obstetric factors, maternal knowledge, maternal attitude and self-efficacy and maternal outcome expectation. Whereas non-modifiable factors were sociodemographicfactors of parent and child, logistic factors and administration factors.Conclusion: There were different factors found to be influencing under-five childhood immunization uptake among parents in Africa. Immunization health education intervention should be designed among pregnant women using social cognitive theory SCT which will enable researchers to tackle cognitive factors as well as some environmental factors that could be modifiable which may hopefully improve childhood immunization uptake in a country with poor coverage like Nigeria.

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Modifiable factors influencing relatives' decision to offer organ donation: systematic review

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.b991 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 338 (apr21 2) ◽

pp. b991-b991 ◽

Cited By ~ 150

Author(s):

A. L. Simpkin ◽

L. C. Robertson ◽

V. S. Barber ◽

J. D. Young

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Organ Donation ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Modifiable Factors

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Ethnicity-specific factors influencing childhood immunisation decisions among Black and Asian Minority Ethnic groups in the UK: a systematic review of qualitative research

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2016-207366 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 544-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alice S Forster ◽

Lauren Rockliffe ◽

Amanda J Chorley ◽

Laura A V Marlow ◽

Helen Bedford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Qualitative Research ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Childhood Immunisation ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Minority Ethnic Groups ◽

Specific Factors ◽

The Uk ◽

Minority Ethnic

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Childhood Mortality: Trends and Determinants in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2015—A Systematic Review

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2017/7479295 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yohannes Mehretie Adinew ◽

Senafikish Amsalu Feleke ◽

Zelalem Birhanu Mengesha ◽

Shimelash Bitew Workie

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Child Survival ◽

Millennium Development Goal ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Development Goal ◽

Under Five ◽

National Medical

Background. Millennium Development Goal 4 calls for reducing under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. The aim of this review was to assess trend of childhood mortality and its determinants from 1990 to 2015 in Ethiopia. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of PubMed and Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, national medical journals, government websites, and Google Scholar. Original observational study designs and reports conducted entirely or in part in Ethiopia that included a primary outcome variable of childhood mortality and published between 1990 and 2015 were included. Ascertained relevant articles were appraised and the findings were integrated into a systematic review. Results. Childhood mortality has declined in Ethiopia with more pronounced reduction over the last 10 years. Under-five mortality is 72% lower now than it was 25 years ago, with the pace of decline in infant mortality (83%) somewhat faster than child mortality (76%). The corresponding decline in neonatal and postneonatal mortality over the same period was 64% and 68%, respectively. Parental sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables and nutritional, environmental, and sanitary factors have been identified to affect child survival. Conclusion. Ethiopia has successfully achieved the Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce under-five mortality.

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