scholarly journals Preventing within household transmission of Covid-19: is the provision of accommodation to support self-isolation feasible and acceptable?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Denford ◽  
Kate Morton ◽  
Jeremy Horwood ◽  
Rachel de Garang ◽  
Lucy Yardley
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Temporary Accommodation ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Within-household transmission of Covid-19 is responsible for a significant number of infections. Efforts to protect at risk communities are needed. This study explored the acceptability of offering accommodation to support self-isolation among at risk populations, to prevent transmission of Covid-19 within vulnerable households. Methods Mixed methods design structured in two phases. Phase 1: Survey of 545 individuals who had provided consent to be contacted about ongoing research projects into infection control. Phase 2: Semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from ethnic minority and low income communities. Results Many survey and interview participants viewed the provision of accommodation as important and necessary in certain contexts. Of the 110 survey respondents, 85 (77%) said that they were not able to isolate at home. Among this group, 24 (28%) said they would accept accommodation and 23 (27%) said that they would probably accept. Of those unable to isolate at home, and at high risk if they caught the virus (N = 36) or living with someone at high risk (N 18), 19 (35%) said that they would accept, and 12 (22%) said they would probably accept accommodation. Factors influencing uptake of accommodation included perceived 1) household vulnerability 2) virus exposure and 3) lack of isolation at home options. Barriers to accepting the accommodation offer included 1) able to isolate at home 2) wanting to be with family 3) caring responsibilities 4) mental wellbeing concerns 5) concerns about moving when ill and 6) infection control concerns. Participants raised issues that should be addressed before accommodation is offered, including questions regarding who should use temporary accommodation and when, and how infection control in temporary accommodation would be managed. Conclusion The provision of accommodation to prevent within household transmission of Covid-19 is viewed as acceptable, feasible and necessary by some people who are concerned about infection transmission in the home and are unable to self-isolate or socially distance at home. Different households will have different requirements, e.g., those with caring responsibilities, and to overcome these challenges additional support may be needed for the provision of accommodation to be feasible to those who could benefit most.

scholarly journals Preventing within household transmission of COVID-19: Is the provision of accommodation feasible and acceptable?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Denford ◽  
Kate S Morton ◽  
Jeremy Horwood ◽  
Rachel de Garang ◽  
Lucy Yardley
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Temporary Accommodation ◽  
At Home

Background Within-household transmission of COVID-19 is responsible for a significant number of infections. The risk of within-household infection is greatly increased among those from Black Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) and low income communities. Efforts to protect these communities are urgently needed. The aim of this study is to explore the acceptability of the availability of accommodation to support isolation among at risk populations. Methods Our study used a mixed methods design structured in two phases. In phase 1, we conducted a survey study of a sample of volunteers from our existing database of 300 individuals who had provided consent to be contacted about ongoing research projects into infection control. In phase 2, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from BAME communities and low income communities recruited through social media. Results Participants from the survey and interview phase of the study viewed the provision of accommodation as important and necessary. Factors influencing likely uptake of accommodation included perceived 1) vulnerability of household 2) exposure to the virus and 3) options for isolation at home. Barriers to accepting the offer of accommodation included 1) being able to isolate at home 2) wanting to be with family 3) caring responsibilities 4) concerns about mental wellbeing 5) upheaval of moving when ill and 6) concerns about infection control. Participants raised a series of issues that should be addressed before accommodation is offered. These included questions regarding who should use temporary accommodation and at what stage to effectively reduce transmission in the home, and how infection control in temporary accommodation would be managed. Conclusion This research provides evidence that the provision of accommodation to prevent within household transmission of the virus is viewed as acceptable, feasible and necessary by many people who are concerned about infection transmission in the home. We explore ways in which accommodation might be offered. In particular, vulnerable members of the household could be protected if accommodation is offered to individuals who are informed through test trace and isolate that they have been in contact with the virus.

scholarly journals Physical Sports Activities and Exercise Addiction during Lockdown in the Spanish Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3119
Author(s):  
Rosendo Berengüí ◽  
José María López-Gullón ◽  
Salvador Angosto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Exercise Addiction ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Virus Spreading ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
At Home

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the paralysis of the worldwide economy caused by the population’s lockdown to stop the virus spreading, making it difficult to do exercise. The aim of this study is to analyse the commitment to and feeling of insecurity related to practising sport, sports habits and the profile of the Spanish population during lockdown according to the level of addiction to exercise. The sample consisted of 1019 subjects with a mean age of 35 years old. The variables analysed were exercise addiction, commitment to and feeling of insecurity related to sport, and sport habits. Three groups were identified according to their addiction level to exercise: asymptomatic (n = 202), symptomatic (n = 756), and at risk of addiction (n = 61). The main results indicated that a higher addiction level was associated with a higher number of days and time spent on exercise per week. Six percent of the subjects were at addiction risk, and they had a lower feeling of insecurity towards sport. These findings provide information to governments on the need to promote physical activity programmes at home to promote adequate fitness and mental wellbeing in the population.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Immunization Strategies for High-Risk Pediatric Populations Worldwide: One Size Does Not Fit All

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1390
Author(s):  
Theano Lagousi ◽  
Ioanna Papadatou ◽  
Petros Strempas ◽  
Elena Chatzikalil ◽  
Vana Spoulou
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
High Risk Children

Despite the significant reduction in pneumococcal disease due to pneumococcal vaccines, protection of vulnerable high-risk individuals, especially pediatric populations, remains a great challenge. In an effort to maximize the protection of high-risk children against pneumococcal disease, a combined schedule that includes both conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines is recommended by several countries in the developed world. On the other hand, middle- and low-income countries do not have in place established policies for pneumococcal immunization of children at risk. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, despite their benefits, have several limitations, mainly associated with serotype replacement and the wide range of serotype coverage worldwide. In addition, PPV23-impaired immunogenicity and the hyporesponsiveness effect among populations at risk have been well-documented. Therefore, the added value of continuing to include PPV23 in vaccination schedules for high-risk individuals in the years to come remains to be determined by monitoring whether the replacing/remaining serotypes causing IPD are covered by PPV23 to determine whether its benefits outweigh its limitations. In this review, we aim to describe serotype distribution and vaccine efficacy data on pneumococcal disease in the pre- and post-PCV implementation era among high-risk children in both developed and developing countries, assessing the optimization of current recommendations for their vaccination against pneumococcal disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Occupational Health and Infection Control Practices in Some Federal Medical Centers (FMCs) in Southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
O. T. Allen ◽  
I. L. Nwaogazie ◽  
K. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Southern Nigeria

The hospital is a high risk environment for the transmission of infections to health care workers, visitors, patients and the surrounding community. Healthcare workers are exposed to a variety of hazards which predisposes these “indispensable carers” to various life threatening infections and diseases. This study is aimed at evaluating the occupational hygiene and infection control practices in Federal Medical Center (FMC) Owerri and FMC Yenayoa, both located within southern Nigeria. Descriptive cross sectional study using a structured questionnaire and walk-through safety checklist was employed. A total of 379 healthcare workers were selected through disproportionate stratified sampling from the two facilities. The questionnaires were self-administered and analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. Frequencies, chi-square were computed and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predisposing factors to which health workers are exposed; 60.7% of respondents were male, dominant age group; 30 – 39yrs, nurses represented a larger proportion (34.8%) of healthcare workers in this study; 51.7% and 48.3% of respondents in FMC Yenagoa and FMC Owerri respectively had a good knowledge of hazards and controls. There was a significant difference with chi-square as, 9.710 p-Value <0.008. Good level of attitude was 44.7% in Owerri and 21.2% in Yenagoa, chi-square 18.295 p-Value <0.001. Overall level of occupational hygiene and infection control practices was poor in both facilities. Health care workers had a very high level of exposure to ergonomic hazards (88.9%) and biological hazards 47.6% in Owerri and 55.3% in Yenagoa. Nurses were 5 times more at risk of ergonomic hazards (95%CI) – 5.96 (2.19–16.24)  p-Value < 0.001, while Medical Laboratory scientists were 5 times more at risk of chemical hazards (OR = 5.98, 95CI: 3.05–11.69, p-Value <0.001). The checklist revealed that both facilities were of imminent high risk category. Health care workers at FMC Yenagoa had higher exposures to all five categories of hazards than FMC Owerri. Working in FMC Owerri predisposes workers to higher health hazards than in FMC Yenagoa. There was better administrative controls including trainings and immunizations in FMC Yenagoa than in FMC Owerri.

scholarly journals Agreement and Reliability of Parental Reports and Direct Screening of Developmental Outcomes in Toddlers at Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Giraldo-Huertas ◽  
Graham Schafer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
At Home

Developmental screening is a practice that directly benefits vulnerable and low-income families and children when it is regular and frequently applied. A developmental screening tool administered by parents called CARE is tested. CARE contains a compilation of activities to report and enhance development at home. Hundred and fifty-seven families in Bogotá (Colombia) initially responded to a call to participate in developmental screening tools’ validation and reliability study. All children (Average: 42.7 months old; SD: 9.4; Min: 24, Max: 58) were screened directly by trained applicants using a Spanish version of the Denver Developmental Screening test [i.e., the Haizea-Llevant (HLL) screening table]. After a first screening, 61 dyads were positive for follow-up and received a second HLL screening. Fifty-two out of 61 dyads use and returned CARE booklet after 1-month screening at home. The comparative analysis for parent reports using CARE and direct screening observation included (a) the effects of demographic variables on overall and agreement, (b) agreement and congruence between the CARE report classification and direct screening classification (“At risk” or “Not at risk”), (c) receiver operating characteristic analysis, (d) item-Level agreement for specific developmental domains, and (e) acceptability and feasibility analysis. Results and conclusions show the parental report using the CARE booklet as a reliable screening tool that has the potential to activate alerts for an early cognitive delay that reassure clinicians and families to further specialized and controlled developmental evaluations and act as a screen for the presence of such delay in four developmental dimensions.

Disasters: Earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1713-1718
Author(s):  
Peter J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
The World ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Natural disasters (including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, floods) cause tens of thousands of deaths and adversely affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people every year. The trend is for the impacts to increase alongside the continuing expansion of human populations into regions at risk and with environmental degradation making human settlements more vulnerable, especially in heavily urbanized areas and megacities. This reckless development is going on in most countries of the world, even in places prone to natural disasters. Recent remarkable advances in forecasting weather-related disasters (hurricanes and floods) have to be matched with adequate disaster preparedness in those communities at high risk if they are to be translated into effective warnings, especially in low-income countries. Earthquakes remain notoriously unpredictable and have the greatest mortality toll of all natural disasters.

Low-income minority women at risk for cervical cancer: a process to improve adherence to follow-up recommendations

2001 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A Cardin ◽  
Richard M Grimes ◽  
Zhi Dong Jiang ◽  
Nancy Pomeroy ◽  
Luther Harrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Minority Women

Child care: implications for overweight / obesity in Canadian children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L McLaren ◽  
M Zarrabi ◽  
DJ Dutton ◽  
MC Auld ◽  
JCH Emery
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Daycare Centre ◽  
Relative Care ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Using Data

Introduction Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates. Results Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. Conclusion Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document