Nutritional status and concomitant factors of stunting among pre-school children in Malda, India: A micro-level study using a multilevel approach

Abstract Background Malnutrition was the main cause of death among children below 5 years in every state of India in 2017. Despite several flagship programmes and schemes implemented by the Government of India, the latest edition of the Global Nutrition Report 2018 addressed that India tops in the number of stunted children, which is a matter of concern. Thus, a micro-level study was designed to know the level of nutritional status and to study this by various disaggregate levels, as well as to examine the risk factors of stunting among pre-school children aged 36–59 months in Malda. Method A primary cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted using structured questionnaires following a multi-stage, stratified simple random sampling procedure in 2018. A sum of 731 mothers with at least one eligible child aged 36–59 months were the study participants. Anthropometric measures of children were collected following the WHO child growth standard. Children were classified as stunted, wasted, and underweight if their HAZ, WHZ, and WAZ scores, respectively, were less than −2SD. The random intercept multilevel logistic regression model has been employed to estimate the effects of possible risk factors on childhood stunting. Results The prevalence of stunting in the study area is 40% among children aged 36–59 months, which is a very high prevalence as per the WHO’s cut-off values (≥40%) for public health significance. Results of the multilevel analysis revealed that preceding birth interval, low birth weight, duration of breastfeeding, mother’s age at birth, mother’s education, and occupation are the associated risk factors of stunting. Among them, low birth weight (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.44–3.41) and bidi worker as mothers’ occupation (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.18–3.12) are the most influencing factors of stunting. Further, about 14 and 86% variation in stunting lie at community and child/household level, respectively. Conclusion Special attention needs to be placed on the modifiable risk factors of childhood stunting. Policy interventions should direct community health workers to encourage women as well as their male partners to increase birth interval using various family planning practices, provide extra care for low birth weight baby, that can help to reduce childhood stunting.

Download Full-text

Faktor Risiko Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Makassar

Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi ◽

10.33490/b.v1i1.205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Hatijar Hatijar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Health Workers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies

Low birth weight babies are babies born with a weight less than 2500 grams. LBW (low birth weight) affects the high mortality rate in infants and is at risk of experiencing obstacles in growth and development. LBW is generally caused due to lack of nutrition and nutritional needs from mother to fetus while pregnant women aged less than 20 years and more than 35 years have the risk of giving birth to LBW. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors that cause LBW based on maternal age and nutritional status. The research method used was observational with a cross sectional study approach. The sampling technique was random sampling at the Regional Haji Makassar General Hospital in the January to July 2015 period with a total sample of 65 people. Analysis using the Chi Square Test. The results showed that there was a relationship between maternal age, nutritional status of LBW with a value (p value = 0.00 <α = 0.05). Maternal age and nutritional status are factors that influence low birth weight where the results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between maternal age and nutritional status on the incidence of low birth weight. To reduce the incidence of low birth weight, it is necessary to increase counseling about the causes of low birth weight babies by health workers, especially midwives to pregnant women to prevent the risk of low birth weight birth.

Download Full-text

Risk Factors Associated With Childhood Stunting in Rwanda: A Secondary Analysis of the 2014 Nutrition, Markets and Gender (NMG) Survey

Journal of Management and Strategy ◽

10.5430/jms.v10n2p34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Lauriane Nyiraneza ◽

Rex Wong ◽

Olushayo Olu ◽

Marie-Rosette Nahimana ◽

Eliud Birachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Food Groups ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Children's Nutrition ◽

And Gender ◽

Childhood Stunting

Childhood stunting can have negative health, social, and economic outcomes. In 2015, 37.9% of children under the age of five were stunted in Rwanda. This study aimed to understand the risk factors associated with stunting specific to Rwanda in order to inform effective interventions.The analysis found higher odds of stunting among the children of mothers who had no education compared to those with secondary education (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.34-3.36), who did not take sufficient quantities of food during the pregnancy (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.07-1.65) or did not consume a diverse diet during pregnancy (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.12-1.73). Children living in households with two or more children under two years of age (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.35-2.50), born with low birth weight (OR: 2.8, 95 CI: 1.67-4.27), born preterm (OR: 4.1, 95 CI: 1.96-8.70), not consuming animal proteins (OR: 1.7 CI: 1.49-2.02) and not drinking treated water (OR: 1.6, CI: 1.07-2.23) all have higher odds of developing stunting. Children living in households with low dietary diversity also had higher odds of stunting (OR: 2.2 CI: 1.23-3.88).The results of the analysis suggested that women should be educated to modify their feeding behavior. Educating women can potentially influence their decision-making related to antenatal care (ANC) service attendance and to their own as well as their children’s nutrition needs. Appropriate birth spacing should be encouraged. Providing nutritional supplements to mothers at ANC appointments, increasing access to diverse food groups, and providing nutritional care for babies with low birth weight are potential interventions to address the issue of childhood stunting in Rwanda.

Download Full-text

MODELLING THE RISK FACTORS FOR BIRTH WEIGHT IN TWIN GESTATIONS: A QUANTILE REGRESSION APPROACH

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932017000050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 744-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. John Michael ◽

Belavendra Antonisamy ◽

S. Mahasampath Gowri ◽

Ramasami Prakash

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Child Growth ◽

Birth Weight Distribution ◽

Different Parts

SummaryBirth weight is used as a proxy for the general health condition of newborns. Low birth weight leads to adverse events and its effects on child growth are both short- and long-term. Low birth weight babies are more common in twin gestations. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of maternal and socio-demographic risk factors at various quantiles of the birth weight distribution for twin gestations using quantile regression, a robust semi-parametric technique. Birth records of multiple pregnancies from between 1991 and 2005 were identified retrospectively from the birth registry of the Christian Medical College and hospitals in Vellore, India. A total of 1304 twin pregnancies were included in the analysis. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the mothers were analysed. The mean gestational age of the twins was 36 weeks with 51% having preterm labour. As expected, the examined risk factors showed different effects at different parts of the birth weight distribution. Gestational age, chroniocity, gravida and child’s sex had significant effects in all quantiles. Interestingly, mother’s age had no significant effect at any part of the birth weight distribution, but both maternal and paternal education had huge impacts in the lower quantiles (10thand 25th), which were underestimated by the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates. The study shows that quantile regression is a useful method for risk factor analysis and the exploration of the differential effects of covariates on an outcome, and exposes how OLS estimates underestimate and overestimate the effects of risk factors at different parts of the birth weight distribution.

Download Full-text

Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight among Neonates Delivered in Public Health Facilities in Adama town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.13313/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nigusse Obse Nebi ◽

Tolossa Eticha Chaka ◽

Tilaye Workineh Abebe ◽

Ephrem Mannekulih M

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Birth Interval ◽

World Health ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Regional State ◽

History Of

Abstract Back ground: Low birth weight is the major predictor of prenatal mortality and morbidity world wide. It has been defined by the World Health Organization as weight at birth of less than 2,500 grams irrespective of their age. Rate of low birth weight is still high in developing countries like Ethiopia particularly Oromia regional state where adequate primary health care services for maternal and child health are not universally available to all the populations. It is therefore imperative to identify risk factors for low birth weight in various communities in order to come up with feasible intervention strategies to minimize the problem. Methods: Facility based case-control study design was conducted from June-1/2017 to April-30/2018 on 318 mothers with singleton and full term neonates (108 case to 210 control). Semi structured interviewer administered and pretested questionnaire was used by trained data collectors working in delivery ward. The data were entered and analyzed statistical software. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done. Result The mean maternal age of all study participants was 26.7 years with [SD of 4.8] with mean age for mothers of cases was 25.5 years and for controls was 27.4 years. In bivariet analysis residency being rural (AOR= 1.95 with 95% CI (1.0-3.48), parity ≥2 (AOR= 3.45 (1.89-6.32), number of antenatal care attendance ˂4 visits (AOR= 0.40(0.218-0.73)), birth interval ˂24 moths (AOR= 2.68 (1.45-4.94), history of hypertension (AOR= 0.39(0.18-0.87) and maternal MUAC ˂21cm (AOR=0.38 (0.159-0.91) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions Variables that were found to have a statically significant relationship with low birth weight were residency being rural, occupation, parity ≥2 & birth interval ≤24months, number of antenatal care attendance ˂4 visits, history of hypertension and maternal MUAC ˂21cm were found to be statistically significant. Key phrases:- Low bith weight, maternal risk factor

Download Full-text

HUBUNGAN ANTARA UMUR DAN STATUS GIZI IBU BERDASARKAN UKURAN LINGKAR LENGAN ATAS DENGAN JENIS BBLR DI PUSKESMAS TAWANGREJO KOTA MADIUN

Jurnal Delima Harapan ◽

10.31935/delima.v6i1.67 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7-16

Author(s):

Eny Pemilu Kusparlina

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Health Workers ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Arm Circumference

Low Birth Weight incidence is caused by several factors including maternal age <20/> 35 years and LILA <23.5 cm. The results of the preliminary study at the TawangrejoCommunity Health Center in the City of Madiun, from 2016 there were 20 Low Birth Weightwhile in January-June 2017 there were 24 Low Birth Weight. The problem of this study isthe increase in the incidence of Low Birth Weight.To analyze the relationship between age and maternal nutritional status based on thesize of the upper arm circumference with the type of Low Birth Weight.This study is an analytical cross-sectional study with a population of all infants withbirth weight less than 2500 gram in January-April 2011 taken by simple random sampling of23 infants. Data sourced from secondary data in the form of medical records. Theindependent variables of maternal age and nutritional status based on the size of the upperarm circumference and the dependent variable type Low Birth Weight were then analyzedusing the Fisher Exact test.This study showed that the majority (69.6%) of mothers giving birth in the agecategory were not safe, causing premature Low Birth Weight (38.5%) and Low Birth Weightat term (61.5%). And most (65.1%) mothers gave birth in the category of Lack of ChronicEnergy, causing premature Low Birth Weight (38.5%) and Low Birth Weight dismatured(61.5%). From the Fisher Exact test results obtained value p = 0.011 for age and p = 0.024for LILA size with a significance level of α = 0.05, because p <α then H1 is accepted.This study has a relationship between age and maternal nutritional status based on thesize of the upper arm circumference with the type of Low Birth Weight. Pregnant and givingbirth at an unsafe age and Lack of Chronic Energy tend to give birth to babies with LowBirth Weight. From the research conducted, it is expected that health workers will furtherimprove health promotion by carrying out prevention through early detection of pregnancyby early ANC examination with the 7T standard.

Download Full-text

Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome; Clinical Characteristics and Nutritional Status

AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES ◽

10.54172/mjsc.v35i1.226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 26-36

Author(s):

Ali Ateia Elmabsout ◽

Hajir Omar Tawfeeq ◽

Jebril Elabidi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Weight Status ◽

Renal Disorder ◽

Female Ratio

Nephrotic syndrome (NS), is the most common chronic renal disorder in children, with multifactorial risk factors and complex etiology. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the age and gender distribution and also determine the clinical characteristics and nutritional status of pediatric nephrotic syndrome. A total of 75 patients with nephrotic syndrome series were selected through semi-constructed questionnaires. The age of our subjects ranged between 1-18 years. Body weight and height were extracted from patient files or self-reported to calculate BMI percentile. Laboratory tests such as blood glucose, lipid profile vitamin D, and HbA1C were included. All samples were analyzed through either mean ±SEM or Chi-square for determining significant differences. The present study showed that 75 patients were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome. The average age of patients was 9 years old and the age which showed significance was 6-10 years (p=0.04). In comparison to females, males were highly significant (p=0.000). Blood biochemistry showed low levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, WBC, (gran %), calcium and sodium, and high levels for lymphocyte (mid %), urea, creatinine, ESR, potassium, hematuria, serum cholesterol, TG and VLDL. All patients were diagnosed as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Low birth weight showed significant increase in nephrotic diseases (p<0.05). Nutritional indices showed high body weight status with more junk and nutritious foods consumed among nephrotic patients. The present study revealed that nephrotic syndrome significantly increased in males (p<0.05) and male to female ratio 2.6:1. It also showed that the age groups between 6-10 years are more prone to suffer from a nephrotic disease (p<0.05). A history of low birth weight in infants or child family ranking were shown to be risk factors contributing to nephrotic disease (p=0.000).

Download Full-text

Risk Factors Correlated with Incidence of Low Birth Weight Cases

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v4i3.2016.349-359 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Anjas Dwi Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Interval ◽

Employment Status ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Education Level ◽

Observational Research ◽

Pregnancy Hypertension

The infant with Low Birth Weight (LBW) was one of the risk factors that contributed to the high infant mortality, especially in the neonatal period. About 17% from 25 millions birth each year in the world are infant with LBW. LBW could be caused by multifactor that were maternal factors (maternal age, birth interval, parity, anemia), social-economic and behaviour, fetus factor, placental factor, and environmental factor. The research aims was to analyze the risk factors correlated with incidence of LBW. This research was an observational research with case-control design. The number of samples in this research were 120 mothers who delivered in working area of RSIA Kendangsari in 2014. The subjects were selected used systematic random method. The independent variabels in this research were maternal age, education level, employment status, birth interval, parity, age pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, hypertension, and anemia, while the dependent variable in this research was LBW. Based on correlation analysis used Chi-square test showed there were not significant correlation (p>0,05) between birth interval and parity with LBW cases and there were significant correlations (p<0,05) between age pregnancy, hypertension during pregnancy and anemia with LBW cases. Odds Ratio (OR) were 13,571 on age pregnancy, 2,224 on multiple pregnancy,2,753 on hypertension and 4,030 on anemia. The conlusion showed that the risk factors of LBW cases were age pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, hypertension and anemia. While maternal age, education level, employment status, birth intervaland parity were not had any correlation with LBW cases.Keywords: LBW, risk factors, babies, maternal, pregnancy

Download Full-text

Risk Factors Correlated with Incidence of Low Birth Weight Cases

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v4i32016.349-359 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Anjas Dwi Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Interval ◽

Employment Status ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Education Level ◽

Observational Research ◽

Pregnancy Hypertension

Download Full-text

Prevalence of anaemia among 6- to 59-month-old children in India: the latest picture through the NFHS-4

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932019000294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 97-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Susmita Bharati ◽

Manoranjan Pal ◽

Premananda Bharati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Family Health ◽

Child Growth ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Social Demographic ◽

Fourth Round

AbstractIndia is the highest contributor to child anaemia among developing countries. To see the latest picture of child anaemia in India, data for 6- to 59-month-old children were taken from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16 (NFHS-4). The study sample consisted of 1,37,347 children. The dependent variable was the anaemia status of the child. The objectives of the study were to assess (i) the distribution of anaemia prevalence by child age group, (ii) the prevalence of child anaemia by zone and state and (iii) the relation of child anaemia prevalence with social, demographic and economic variables, including maternal nutritional status and low birth weight. The study found that in India in 2015–16, 56% of 6- to 59-month-old children were anaemic – a decrease of only 13.5 percentage points since the NFHS-3 study conducted in 2005–06. It is well known that iron supplementation is necessary for child growth and brain development. This study suggests that, in addition, the socioeconomic conditions of households in India need to be improved to prevent child anaemia. Low birth weight and low maternal nutritional status are also responsible for the high prevalence of anaemia among children in India.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH BBLR TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 12-60 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TANJUNG LANGKAT TAHUN 2017

Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan ◽

10.34008/jurhesti.v2i2.79 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Ade Ira Zahriany

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Health Center ◽

Health Workers ◽

World Health ◽

Normal Children ◽

Center Report ◽

Short Children ◽

Health Organization

Poor nutrition causes the prevalence of stunting (short children) to be very high, affecting one in three children 12 - 60 months, which is a proportion of public health problems according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). The Tanjung Langkat Health Center report on infectious diseases suffered by children under five in the Tanjung Langkat Health Center working area, ARI and Diarrhea is quite high among toddlers, namely 17.7% and 29.8%. This research is an analytic research study with case control design, which is an analytic study concerning how risk factors are studied using a retrospective approach. In other words, the effects (illness or health status) are identified at this time, then identified risk factors exist or occurred in the past. The results showed that children aged 12-60 months who had low birth weight and got stunting in the working area of Tanjung Langkat 58 Padang Puskesmas in 2015 were 15 people (48.39%), while normal children who suffered stunting were 16 people (51, 61%). This research is not in line with other studies which say that stunting children have more history of low birth weight. It is expected that Puskesmas Tanjung Langkat health workers will get children born with low birth weight, so health workers provide information that they have a risk of suffering from stunting (short), and are advised to maintain their health and pay attention to their parenting.

Download Full-text