scholarly journals Time-varying effect of drunk driving regulations on road traffic mortality in Guangzhou, China: an interrupted time-series analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Han Xu ◽  
Hang Dong ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
Guo-Zhen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Daily Data

Abstract Background China has introduced a series of stricter policies to criminalize drunk driving and increase penalties since May 2011. However, there is no previous study examining the time-varying impacts of drunk driving regulations on road traffic fatalities based on daily data. Methods We collected 6536 individual data of road traffic deaths (RTDs) in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2018. The quasi-Poisson regression models with an inclusion of the intervention variable and the interaction of intervention variable and a function of time were used to quantify the time-varying effects of these regulations. Results During the 11-year study period, the number of population and motor vehicles showed a steady upward trend. However, the population- and motor vehicles- standardized RTDs rose steadily before May 2011, the criminalizing drunk driving intervention was implemented and gradually declined after that. The new drunk driving intervention were associated with an average risk reduction of RTDs (ER = -9.01, 95% eCI: − 10.05% to − 7.62%) during the 7.7 years after May 2011. On average, 75.82 (95% eCI, 54.06 to 92.04) RTDs per 1 million population annually were prevented due to the drunk driving intervention. Conclusion These findings would provide important implications for the development of integrated intervention measures in China and other countries attempting to reduce traffic fatalities by stricter regulations on drunk driving.

scholarly journals A Population Approach to Transportation Planning: Reducing Exposure to Motor-Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuller ◽  
Patrick Morency
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Transportation Research

Transportation planning and public health have important historical roots. To address common challenges, including road traffic fatalities, integration of theories and methods from both disciplines is required. This paper presents an overview of Geoffrey Rose's strategy of preventive medicine applied to road traffic fatalities. One of the basic principles of Rose's strategy is that a large number of people exposed to a small risk can generate more cases than a small number exposed to a high risk. Thus, interventions should address the large number of people exposed to the fundamental causes of diseases. Exposure to moving vehicles could be considered a fundamental cause of road traffic deaths and injuries. A global reduction in the amount of kilometers driven would result in a reduction of the likelihood of collisions for all road users. Public health and transportation research must critically appraise their practice and engage in informed dialogue with the objective of improving mobility and productivity while simultaneously reducing the public health burden of road deaths and injuries.

scholarly journals The association between alcohol restriction policies and vehicle-related mortality in Cali, Colombia, 1998-2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mena ◽  
Álvaro I. Sánchez ◽  
María Isabel Gutiérrez ◽  
Juan-Carlos Puyana ◽  
Brian Suffoleto
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Alcohol Availability ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Traffic Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

Mena, J., Sánchez, Á., Gutiérrez, M., Puyana, J., & Suffoleto, B. (2014). The association between alcohol restriction policies and vehicle-related mortality in Cali, Colombia, 1998-2008. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(2), 149-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i2.157Aims: To determine whether the implementation of alcohol control policies was associated with changes in the incidence of road traffic deaths.Design: Ecologic study conducted using an interrupted time series analysis. Full restrictive polices banned alcohol between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. Most restrictive polices prohibited alcohol between 1 a.m. and 10 a.m. Restrictive policies prohibited alcohol between 2 a.m. and 10 a.m. Moderately restrictive policies banned alcohol between 3 a.m. and 10 a.m. Lax policies prohibited alcohol between 4 a.m. and 10 a.m.Setting: We used data of road traffic mortality in the population of Cali, Colombia from 1998 to 2008.Participants: The population of Cali in 2008 was 2,184,753 inhabitants; 47% were male.Measures: Aggregated daily counts of road traffic deaths. Restrictive policies were compared with lax policies to estimate the effect of reducing hours of alcohol availability using multiple negative binomial regressions.Findings: There was a decreased risk of road traffic mortality in periods when moderately restrictive policies were in effect (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97, p = 0.019). There was an even lower risk of road traffic deaths in periods when most restrictive policies were in effect (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.58–0.85, p < 0.001). In motorcyclists, most restrictive (IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.81, p = 0.002) and full restrictive policies (IRR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.94, p = 0.032) were associated with decreased risk of mortality.Conclusions: Our findings support more restrictive alcohol control policies to reduce road traffic mortality. Specifically, reducing the time of alcohol availability was associated with a decrease in road traffic death rates.

scholarly journals Impact of night travel ban on road traffic crashes and fatalities in Zambia: an interrupted time series analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e005481
Author(s):  
Peter Hangoma ◽  
Kantu Moonga-Mukale
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Data Points

BackgroundThe burden of road traffic crashes (RTCs) and road traffic fatalities (RTFs) has been increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most RTCs and RTFs happen at night. Although few countries, including Zambia, have implemented night travel bans, there is no evidence on the extent to which such policies may reduce crashes and fatalities.MethodsWe exploit the quasi-experimental set up afforded by the banning of night travel of public service vehicles in Zambia in 2016 and interrupted time series analysis to assess whether the ban had an impact on both levels and trends in RTCs and RTFs. We use annual administrative data for the period 2006—2020, with 10 pre-intervention and 4 post-intervention data points. In an alternative specification, we restrict the analysis to the period 2012—2020 so that the number of data points are the same pre-interventions and post-interventions. We also carry out robustness checks to rule out other possible explanation of the results including COVID-19.ResultsThe night travel ban was associated with a reduction in the level of RTCs by 4131.3 (annual average RTCs before the policy=17 668) and a reduction in the annual trend in RTCs by 2485.5. These effects were significant at below 1%, and they amount to an overall reduction in RTCs by 24%. The policy was also associated with a 57.5% reduction in RTFs. In absolute terms, the trend in RTFs reduced by 477.5 (Annual average RTFs before the policy=1124.7), which is significant at below 1% level. Our results were broadly unchanged in alternative specifications.ConclusionWe conclude that a night travel ban may be an effective way of reducing the burden of RTCs and RTFs in Zambia and other LMICs. However, complementary policies are needed to achieve more gains.

Evaluating the impact of penalising the use of mobile phones while driving on road traffic fatalities, serious injuries and mobile phone use: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385
Author(s):  
Bjørn Olsson ◽  
Hannah Pütz ◽  
Fabian Reitzug ◽  
David K Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundA vast literature has demonstrated that using mobile phones while driving increases the risk of road traffic crashes. In response, policy-makers have introduced bans and harsher penalties on using mobile phones while driving. Even though emerging evidence suggests that such measures may reduce mobile phone use and crashes, the literature has not been systematically reviewed and synthesised.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of penalising mobile phone use while driving on road traffic fatalities, serious injuries and the prevalence of mobile phone use while driving.MethodsWe employed a comprehensive search strategy using electronic databases, websites, handsearching and other sources to locate studies evaluating legislation on mobile phone use while driving. Randomised controlled trials, interrupted time series’, controlled before–after studies with control(s) not exposed to harsher sanctions and panel data designs were included if they measured the outcomes of fatalities, serious injuries or the prevalence of mobile phone use while driving. Eligible studies were critically appraised. Due to substantial heterogeneity, the results were synthesised narratively. The synthesis structured studies according to the type of legislation and outcome measure.ResultsOf the 7420 studies retrieved, 32 were included. The evidence on the effects of penalising mobile phone use while driving was weak, and somewhat inconsistent, but pointed to a potential decrease in the prevalence of mobile phone use and fatalities for all-driver primary enforcement hand-held bans and texting bans.ConclusionsPreventing fatalities from risky driving practices may be helped by implementing harsher laws that penalise mobile phone use while driving.

scholarly journals Lockdown effect on COVID-19 incidence and death: Iran experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sajad Delavari ◽  
Zahra Jamali ◽  
Mohsen Bayati
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Countries are trying several policy options for decreasing the incidence and burden of the COVID-19. One of these strategies is a lockdown, complete closure, to reduce the risk of distributing disease via social interactions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a three-week lockdown on the mortality and morbidity of the COVID-19 in Iran. Methods: Official daily data on COVID-19 incidence and death reported on the COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) were extracted from September 1, 2020, to January 14, 2021. Data were analyzed using interrupted time series analysis via STATA 14 software. Results: Lockdown resulted in a significant reduction in the daily death from Covid-19 in the short-term (β=-139, P<0.01) and in the long-term (β=-12, P<0.01). Moreover, lockdown in the short-term insignificantly (β=-21.58, P=0.969), and in the long-term significantly (β=-317.31, P<0.01) reduced the Covid-19 daily incidence. Discussion: The results showed that the lockdown has a significant effect on incidence and death numbers. Therefore, it could be a suitable short-term strategy for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, its negative effects on households and businesses should be considered.

Road Traffic Fatalities Analysis in AEC Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Pongrid Klungboonkrong ◽  
Natthapoj Faiboun
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
National Road

Based on a Global Status Report on Road Safety in 2009 [ and in 2013 [, 2007 and 2010 Road Traffic Fatalities (RTFs) data for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) countries were analyzed and compared, respectively. In this research, both reported and estimated RTFs per 100,000 populations showed relatively low correlation with Gross National Incomes (GNIs) per capita among AEC countries. In contrast, the reported and estimated RTFs per 1,000 vehicles showed reasonably high correlation with both GNIs per capita and number of vehicles per 1,000 populations. The greater the GNIs per capita and/or number of vehicles per 1,000 populations, the lower the reported and estimated RTFs per 1,000 vehicles are. As GNI per capita increases, the proportion of 4-wheeled motor vehicles will rise and the proportion of 2-and 3-wheeled motor vehicles will decline. Therefore, 2-and 3-wheeled motor vehicles were the main contributor to RTFs. The improvement of the adoption and enforcement of national road safety legislation can be generally realized. However, only high income countries (including Singapore and Brunei Darussalam) clearly showed the high performances and only these two countries has adopted and enforced the child-restraint law.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption by the drivers as a risk factor in public transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Magdalena Płachecka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
The Public

Issues to do with driving vehicles after drinking alcohol as well as being in a state of intoxication have been the object of interest in units, institutions, organs of public administrations, which carry out actions to increase the safety of road traffic in Poland. The aspect of drunk driving should be considered on the public heath spectrum, as a result of accidents caused by drunk driving hundreds of people die and thousands are left severely injured. In order to build awareness among people driving motor vehicles, programs, initiatives and different promotion actions are introduced to raise the importance of not driving after drinking alcohol. The purpose of this article is to present and assess actions made to improve the safety of people participating in road traffic with particular emphasis on public transport, eg. buses. The actions and initiatives taken at the national level have been discussed which will improve and increase road  safety.

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