scholarly journals The cost of community outreach HIV interventions: a case study in Thailand

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyaw Min Soe ◽  
Katharina Hauck ◽  
Sukhum Jiamton ◽  
Sukhontha Kongsin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Interventions ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background There was an estimated 440,000 people living with HIV in Thailand in 2018. New cases are declining rapidly thanks to successful prevention programs and scaling up of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Thailand aims to achieve its commitment to end the HIV epidemic by 2030 and implemented a cascade of HIV interventions through the Reach-Recruit-Test-Treat-Retain (RRTTR) program. Methods This study focused on community outreach HIV interventions implemented by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) under the RRTTR program in 27 provinces. We calculated unit cost per person reached for HIV interventions targeted at key-affected populations (KAPs) including men who have sex with men/ transgender (MSM/TG), male sex workers (MSW), female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID) and migrants (MW). We studied program key outputs, costs, and unit costs in variations across different HIV interventions and geographic locations in Thailand. We used these estimates to determine costs of HIV interventions and evaluate economies of scale. Results The interventions for migrants in Samut Sakhon was the least costly with a unit cost of 21.6 USD per person to receive services, followed by interventions for migrants in Samut Prakan 23.2 USD per person reached, MSM/TG in Pratum Thani 26.5USD per person reached, MSM/TG in Nonthaburi 26.6 USD per person reached and, MSM/TG in Chon Buri with 26.7 USD per person. The interventions yielded higher efficiency in large metropolitan and surrounding provinces. Harm reduction programs were the costliest compare with other interventions. There was association between unit cost and scale of among interventions indicating the presence of economies scale. Implementing HIV and TB interventions jointly increased efficiency for both cases. Conclusion This study suggested that unit cost of community outreach HIV and TB interventions led by CSOs will decrease as they are scaled up. Further studies are suggested to follow up with these ongoing interventions for identifying potential contextual factors to improve efficiency of HIV prevention services in Thailand.

scholarly journals The Cost of Community Outreach HIV Interventions in Thailand: A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyaw Min Soe ◽  
Katharina Hauck ◽  
Sukhum Jiamton ◽  
Sukhontha Kongsin
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Hiv Interventions ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Abstract Background Despite having an estimation of 440000 people living with HIV in 2018, the HIV epidemic in Thailand has become mature and new cases reported have been rapidly declining thanks to its successful prevention programs and scaling up of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Thailand aimed to achieve its commitment to end the HIV epidemic by 2030 and implemented a cascade of HIV interventions through Reach-Recruit-Test-Treat-Retain (RRTTR) program. Methods This study focused on community-based HIV interventions implemented by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) under RRTTR program in the provinces highly affected by HIV epidemic. We calculated unit cost per person reached for HIV interventions tailored for key-affected populations (KAPs) including men who have sex with men/ transgender (MSM/TG), male sex worker (MSW), female sex worker (FSW), people who inject drug (PWID) and migrant (MW). We studied program outputs, costs, and unit costs in variations across different HIV interventions and geographic locations in Thailand. We used these estimates to evaluate the economies of scale and scope of implementing community-based HIV interventions. Results We analysed a total of 38 community-based HIV interventions in 27 provinces. The average unit cost for a person to received HIV services was 29.7 USD for MSM/TG program, 33.1 USD for MW program, 31.9 USD for FSW program, 36.3 USD for MSW program and 179.1 USD for PWID program. The lowest unit cost per person reached was 21.6 USD for Migrant in Samut Sakhon province while the highest was 324.5 USD for PWID in Samut Prakan. The scattered plots of unit cost per person with polynomial and linear trend line shows the presence of economies of scales. Conclusions This study suggested that community-based HIV interventions led by NGOs in Thailand will only become less costly as they are scaled-up overtime.

scholarly journals Participation of men who have sex with men in non-governmental organizations in Belo Horizonte, 2007-2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aníbal Fabião Murure ◽  
Gustavo Machado Rocha ◽  
Carla Jorge Machado ◽  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Access to social protection by people living with, at risk of, or affected by HIV in Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia: results from Population-Based HIV Impact Assessments.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chipanta ◽  
Audrey Pettifor ◽  
Jessie Edwards ◽  
Danielle Giovenco ◽  
Hillary Mariko Topazian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

We aimed to measure social protection (SP) coverage among the general population and women and men living with HIV (WLHIV, MLHV), female and male sex workers (FSW, MSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), adolescent girls young women (AGYW), and orphans vulnerable children (OVC). We used Population-Based HIV Impact Assessments data from Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia. We generated survey-weighted proportions for each population group receiving any SP benefits, along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using jackknife variance estimation. The proportion reported receiving SP benefits among the general population ranged from 7.7% (95% CI: 6.7%:8.8%) in Zambia to 39.6% (95% CI: 36.8%: 42.5%) in Eswatini. SP benefits by WLHIV, MLHIV, AGYW, OVC, SW and MSM were lower than the 2017-19 global average of 45%. Data on access to SP benefits by people living with or affected by HIV from other regions is needed to estimate their SP coverage better. Keywords social protection, cash transfers, people living with HIV, sex workers, adolescent girls and young women, men who have sex with men.

scholarly journals Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men who have sex with Men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn-Milo Santos ◽  
Benjamin Ackerman ◽  
Amrita Rao ◽  
Sara Wallach ◽  
George Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract There is an urgent need to measure the impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of gay men and other MSM (n= 2732) from April 16, 2020 to May 4, 2020, through a social networking app. We characterized the economic, mental health, HIV prevention and HIV treatment impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 response, and examined whether subgroups of our study population are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Many men not only reported economic and mental health consequences, but also interruptions to HIV prevention and testing, and HIV care and treatment services. Consequences were significantly greater among people living with HIV, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, sex workers, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Findings underscore the crucial need to mitigate the multifaceted impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other MSM, especially for those with intersecting vulnerabilities.

Programmatic mapping and size estimation of female sex workers, transgender sex workers and men who have sex with men in İstanbul and Ankara, Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054894
Author(s):  
Deniz Gokengin ◽  
Georgetta Aybek ◽  
Sevgi O Aral ◽  
James Blanchard ◽  
Demir Serter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesDespite a growing HIV threat, there is no definition and characterisation of key populations (KPs), who could be the major drivers of the epidemic in Turkey. We used programmatic mapping to identify locations where KPs congregate, estimate their numbers and understand their operational dynamics to develop appropriate HIV programme implementation strategies.MethodsFemale and transgender sex workers (FSWs and TGSWs), and men who have sex with men (MSM) were studied in İstanbul and Ankara. Within each district, hot spots were identified by interviewing key informants and a crude spot list in each district was developed. The spot validation process was led by KP members who facilitated spot access and interviews of KPs associated with that spot. Final estimates were derived by aggregating the estimated number of KPs at all spots, which was adjusted for the proportion of KPs who visit multiple spots, and for the proportion of KPs who do not visit spots.ResultsFSWs were the largest KP identified in İstanbul with an estimate of 30 447 (5.8/1000 women), followed by 15 780 TGSWs (2.9/1000 men) and 11 656 MSM (2.1/1000). The corresponding numbers in Ankara were 9945 FSWs (5.2/1000 women), 1770 TGSWs (1/1000 men) and 5018 MSM (2.5/1000 men). Each KP had unique typologies based on the way they find and interact with sex partners. MSM were mostly hidden and a higher proportion operated through internet and phone-based applications. Night time was the peak time with Friday, Saturday and Sunday being the peak days of activity in both İstanbul and Ankara.ConclusionsThis study has highlighted the presence of a substantial number of FSWs, TGSW and MSM in İstanbul and Ankara. The information obtained from this study can be used to set priorities for resource allocation and provide HIV prevention services where coverage could be the highest.

scholarly journals Advancing the New Communications Framework for HIV/AIDS: The Communicative Constitution of HIV/AIDS Networks in Tanzania’s HIV/AIDS NGO Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
James O. Olufowote ◽  
Johnson S. Aranda ◽  
Guoyu E. Wang ◽  
Danni Liao
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Communicative Constitution ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Although health communication research on HIV/AIDS has acknowledged the work of HIV/AIDS non-governmental organizations (NGOs), we know little about how such NGOs are collaborating in their response to the epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). UNAIDS estimated that over two-thirds of world-wide HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths take place in SSA and normative models have highlighted organizational collaborations as an important part of the response to public health risks and crises. This study advanced the New Communications Framework for HIV/AIDS by drawing on a constitutive model of communication to develop a discursive perspective on HIV/AIDS NGO collaborations. Analyses of interviews with 36 leaders of Tanzanian HIV/AIDS NGOs resulted in (a) networks of organizations of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and (b) networks expressing the following identities: as single entities that unify PLWHA organizations in/across administrative divisions, as structures for reaching grassroots PLWHA and facilitating their participation in decision-making forums at various scales, and as vehicles for various social impacts such as advocacy for PLWHA.

scholarly journals Pilot Experiment on the Acceptability and Feasibility of HIV Self-Testing by Key Populations in Morocco: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djè Jean Sylvestre Kouakou ◽  
Ousmane Bocoum
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Faced with the global challenge of the AIDS epidemic, the United Nations has set a "90-90-90" target to stop the epidemic by 2030. To do this, three objectives will have to be achieved: to have detected 90% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) by 2020, to have put 90% of them on treatment and to have 90% of PHAs on treatment who have an undetectable viral load. Achieving the target of 90% of PLHIV detected requires rethinking and diversifying the existing screening offer, especially since screening is the entry point into the health care system and can be one of the main obstacles to achieving the objectives set.Purpose: To identify the contexts in which projects on salivary HIV self-testing have been developed among sex workers (TS) and men who have sex with men (MSM).Results: A review was conducted from several PUBMED databases, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, JSTOR RECHERCHE4LIFE (HINARI),COCHRANE, Institutional Sites and International Organizations (WHO, COQCANADA, MINISTERES, UNAIDS) over the past ten years to better understand their goals and impacts in the fight against the AIDS epidemic The different research equations submitted to the bibliographic databases, combined with additional manual research, have identified 76 documents composed of articles , books, reports, guides and recommendations of which Twenty-six (26) documents were selected for their relevance: 19 articles, 1 Report, 3 Recommendations, 1 Press Release and 2 Guidelines .Conclusion: In short, this literature journey has made it possible to highlight more specifically the wide variety of screening strategies, the contexts in which salivary self-testing could be complementary to the traditional screening offer.

Social Influences on Engagement With HIV Testing, Treatment and Care Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living in Rural Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110581
Author(s):  
Lydia J. Nakiganda ◽  
Benjamin R. Bavinton ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
David Serwadda ◽  
Rosette Nakubulwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Sex With Men

Men who have sex with men in Uganda are a heterogenous, discriminated population, experiencing high HIV burden, limited access to HIV testing, and low treatment adherence. We contribute to the lack of information about men who have sex with men in rural Uganda by using socio-ecological analyses to examine the social influences shaping their engagement with HIV services. Based on in-depth interviews with 16 men, our findings reveal the inhibitive influence of interpersonal relationships with sexual partners, peers and families, and institutional influences within health service and non-governmental organizational settings. Yet men take action to strategize and seek support to enhance engagement with HIV care in heavily criminalized and stigmatized settings. Future HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and care responses could draw on what affected individuals and communities are already doing to enhance access to HIV services and the effective support strategies of some non-governmental organizations and healthcare workers.

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