Impact of aerobic exercises on taste perception for sucrose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Regular exercise is a key element in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the importance of regular exercises on glycemic control in people with diabetes is studied extensively, evidence is lacking on its impact on sweet taste perception. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of aerobic exercises on taste perception for sucrose in people with diabetes. Methods A sample of 225 people with diabetes aged 35-60 years was assigned randomly into 3 groups; aerobic exercise, combined exercise and a control group. The outcomes of the combined exercise group is not reported. The aerobic exercise group performed brisk walking 30min/day, 4-5days/week for 6 months. The primary outcome measures were supra-threshold intensity ratings and preference for sucrose assessed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months using ‘general Labeled Magnitude Scale’ and ‘Monell 2-series-forced choice method’ respectively. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was assessed at baseline and at 6 months to determine glycemic control. Results Aerobic exercise group showed significantly increased ratings (mm) for higher sucrose concentrations at 3 months (mean difference for 2.02M; +6.63±2.50, p=0.048 and for 0.64M; +7.26±2.76, p=0.026) and at 6 months (mean difference for 0.64M; +7.79±4.49, p= 0.044) compared to baseline and also when compared to controls (mean difference for 2.02M between baseline and 3 months; intervention: +6.63±2.50, control: -4.01±1.79, p=0.02 and between baseline and 6 months for 2.02M; intervention: +3.15±0.57, control: -7.96±0.40, p=0.022 and for 0.64M; intervention: +7.79±4.49, control: -8.98±0.99, p=0.003). A significantly reduced preference (mol/L) was seen both at 3 (mean difference; -0.03±0.02, p= 0.037) and at 6 months (mean difference; -0.05±0.12, p=0.011) compared to baseline within the intervention group. Also, a significant reduction was seen in the intervention group compared to controls at 6 months (mean difference; intervention: -0.05±0.12, control: 0.01±0.03, p=0.044). HbA1c was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to controls at 6 months (mean difference; intervention -0.43±1.6%, control +0.33±1.8%, p=0.018). Conclusion Regular aerobic exercises increase the sweet taste sensitivity, especially for higher concentrations of sucrose and decrease sweet taste preference in people with diabetes . These alterations in sweet taste perception, are likely to contribute to a better glycemic control in people with diabetes. Trial registration This trial was registered at the Sri Lanka Clinical Trial registry on 16/12/2015. (Trial registration number- SLCTR/2015/029, https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2015-029).

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Cardiovascular Responses Of Type 2 Diabetes Patients To Intermittent And Continous Aerobic Exercises

Nigerian Journal of Medical Rehabilitation ◽

10.34058/njmr.v11i2.22 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Mukadas O Akindele ◽

Phillip Kodzo ◽

Mustapha Naimat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The use of aerobic exercise as a form of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well documented in the literatures. High blood pressure has been shown to be one of the sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Determination of mode of exercises for glycemic control that will not adversely affect the cardiovascular indices of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects is highly indicated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects to continuous and intermittent modes of exercises. Results: There was statistical significant difference in heart rate of both groups. Continuous mode of exercise elicited no statistical difference in SBP and DBP but there was statistical significant difference in SBP in intermittent exercise group with no statistical significant in their DBP. Cross comparison of pre and post cardiovascular indices showed that there were statistical significant differences in SBP (F=0.710, P>0.05) and DBP (F=1.397, P>0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were higher in intermittent exercise group compared with the continuous exercise group. KEYWORDS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Aerobic exercise, cardiovascular response.

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The Therapeutic Effects of Mild to Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Diabetes Therapy ◽

10.1007/s13300-021-01149-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siyao Gao ◽

Jialing Tang ◽

Guozhong Yi ◽

Zhong Li ◽

Zhenyin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Therapeutic Effects

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Can non-responders be ‘rescued’ by increasing exercise intensity? A quasi-experimental trial of individual responses among humans living with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e044478

Author(s):

Travis J Hrubeniuk ◽

Danielle R Bouchard ◽

Brendon J Gurd ◽

Martin Sénéchal

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Control Group ◽

Metabolic Equivalents

IntroductionExercise is recommended to improve glycaemic control. Yet, individual changes in glycaemic control following exercise can vary greatly, meaning while some significantly improve others, coined ‘non-responders’, do not. Increasing the intensity of exercise may ‘rescue’ non-responders and help generate a response to training. This trial will identify non-responders to changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) across inactive individuals living with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus following an aerobic exercise programme and evaluate if increasing training intensity will elicit beneficial changes to ‘rescue’ previously categorised non-responders.Methods and analysisThis study will recruit 60 participants for a two-phase aerobic exercise training programme. Participants will be allocated to a control group or assigned to an intervention group. Control participants will maintain their current lifestyle habits. During phase 1, intervention participants will complete 16 weeks of aerobic exercise at an intensity of 4.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) for 150 min per week. Participants will then be categorised as responders or non-responders based on the change in HbA1c. For phase 2, participants will be blocked based on responder status and randomly allocated to a maintained intensity, or increased intensity group for 12 weeks. The maintained group will continue to train at 4.5 METs, while the increased intensity group will train at 6.0 METs for 150 min per week.Ethics and disseminationResults will be presented at scientific meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals. Publications and presentations related to the study will be authorised and reviewed by all investigators. Findings from this study will be used to provide support for future randomised control trials. All experimental procedures have been approved by the Research Ethics Board at the University of New Brunswick (REB: 2018–168).Trial registration numberNCT03787836.

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Evaluation of gustatory sensitivity of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their relatives

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e41610313525

Author(s):

Talita Batista Matos ◽

Lucas de Almeida Silva ◽

Gildomar Lima Valasques Junior ◽

Indiara Vieira Santana ◽

Maria Patrícia Milagres

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Sensory Perception ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Sensory Loss ◽

Control Group

According to the literature reports of both the sensory loss of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and of the importance of family interrelationships in the management of this pathology, there is a demand to evaluate the sensory perception of relatives of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate sweet taste perception of diabetic individuals and their relatives. Methods: For this purpose, a sample of 150 volunteers was invited to participate, which was composed by individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 59 years, equally divided into three groups, constituted with 50 volunteers each: non-diabetic individuals, diabetic individuals and relatives. Furthermore, the glucose concentration of all participants was determined by capillary glycemia, and the diabetic participants were referred to a third-party laboratory to perform the glycated hemoglobin test using the immunoturbidimetric. Moreover, a questionnaire of personal and socio-demographic information was applied to diabetic participants and the sensory perception was evaluated through the test for sweet taste sensitivity. Results: The glycemic levels of the diabetic participants given by the Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) test revealed that the results had a mean of 7.92 + 1.89%, equivalent to 180.60 + 54.52 mg/dL. The threshold was 3.34 g/L for diabetic participants, 2.60 g/L for relatives, and 1.92 g/L for the control group. Conclusions: Therefore, the present study demonstrated that the threshold index for sweet taste perception is higher in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their relatives when compared to the control group.

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Effect of a 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum Fetuin-A and Adipocytokine Levels in Type 2 Diabetes

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0043-115904 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (08) ◽

pp. 487-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ling-Yun Zhang ◽

Tao Liu ◽

Ya-Qin Teng ◽

Xiao-Yan Yao ◽

Tian-Tian Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Fetuin A

Abstract Objective We aimed to evaluate the effect of 12-week aerobic exercise training on fetuin-A levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and examine the relationships between fetuin-A and adipocytokine levels and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The study included 32 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were assigned to an exercise or a control group. The exercise group underwent 12 weeks of exercise (consisting of a 5-min warm-up, 60-min aerobic bicycle training performed at 70% of the maximal heart rate, a cool-down period, 5 times/week). Adiponectin, resistin, and fetuin-A serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Leptin serum levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay. Results Exercise for 12 weeks significantly reduced serum fetuin-A (643.1±109.4 to 448.7±92.5 μg/mL, P<0.05), leptin (11.9±7.2 to 8.6±5.7 ng/dL, P<0.05), and resistin (3.2±1.5 to 2.2±1.4 ng/mL, P<0.05) levels, but increased adiponectin (6.9±1.9 to 8.1±1.7 µg/mL, P<0.05) levels. In the exercise group, Δfetuin-A positively correlated with differences in weight (r=0.654, P=0.046), body mass index (r=0.725, P=0.002), waist circumference (r=0.898, P=0.013), and adiponectin levels (r=0.662, P=0.035). Conclusions Aerobic exercise significantly decreased serum fetuin-A levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can be attributed to weight loss and related to increased adiponectin levels.

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Effect of Low Impact Aerobic Exercise on Functional Balance and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation ◽

10.36803/ijpmr.v2i01.231 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 (01) ◽

pp. 96-104

Author(s):

Peni Hardjanti ◽

Bayu Santoso ◽

Nuniek Nugraheni ◽

Agung Pranoto

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Functional Balance

Objectives: To determine the effect of low impact aerobic exercise on functional balance and the quality of life in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patientsMethods: This is an experimental study. Participants were recruited from outpatient Diabetes Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Subjects of this study are men and women aged 30-70 years whose diagnosed with type 2 DM, with A1c less than 10%, have been using oral anti diabetic drug or subcutaneous insulin less than 30 IU daily, blood glucose level before exercise less than 250mg%, and Berg Balance Scale between 41-56. Subjects were randomized into 2 groups with 38 subjects in the exercise group and 37 in the control group. The exercise group followed 25-30 minutes diabeticaerobic low impact exercise 3 times a week for 3months, while the control group did not. Functional balance and quality of life before and after exercise were assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS) andthe Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) questionnaire. Difference in BBS and quality of life improvement measured by SIP questionnaire were analyzed after 3 months of exercise.Results: Mann Whitney test showed significant difference of the total score of BBS in the exercise group (p 0.02; α < 0.05). Chi Square test revealed significant improvement in four of the twelve parameters ofthe quality of life: sleep and rest (SR) (p 0.044), body care and movement (BCM) (p 0.017), ambulation (A) (p 0.001), and work (W) (p 0.000) in the exercise group.Conclusions: Low impact aerobic exercise in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients may improve functional balance and the SR, BCM, A, and W parameters of the quality of life.Key words: Low impact aerobic exercise, type 2 diabetic mellitus, functional balance, quality of life.

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