The effect of Kappaphycus alvarezii active fraction on oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

Abstract Background High glucose concentration increases the glycation process which leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, that can cause complications in diabetes. Several medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. One of them is Kappaphycus alvarezii, an algae that has known antidiabetic abilities. This study aimed to examine the effect of K. alvarezii active fraction on plasma hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) levels, renal NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and Nuclear Factor κ B (NFκB) gene expressions. Methods Active fraction was obtained from bioassay-guided fractionation with antiglycation ability. In vivo study was performed on twenty Wistar male rats. The level of H2O2 was measured using H2O2 Assay Kit, the Optical Density value measured using spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 405 nm. Plasma TNFα level was measured using ELISA. Renal NOX4 and NFκB gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. Results Active fraction significantly reduced plasma H2O2 but not TNFα levels. Furthermore, renal NOX4 gene expression was lower in the diabetic rat group treated with active fraction compared to the untreated group but not NFκB gene expression. Conclusions K. alvarezii active fraction has an activity to reduce plasma H2O2 as well as renal NOX4 gene expression. Therefore, this fraction could be developed as a potential candidate for diabetes treatment through oxidative stress mechanisms.

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The ability of active fraction from Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty Ex.P.C.Silva to Decrease Glucose Levels inhibit advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) Formation and RAGE (AGER) Gene Expression in Diabetic Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20659/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuning ◽

Evy - Yulianti ◽

Sunarti - Sunarti

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Glycated Albumin ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Active Fraction ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background. Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P.C.Silva is a widely used seaweed that has antioxidant and antiglycation activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of active fraction from Kappaphycus alvarezii to decrease glucose level and inhibit glycation process. Methods. This study used bioassay-guided fractionation through three stages of the extraction, partition, and fractionation processes that were monitored using Thin Layer Chromatography and BSA-Glucose test. Inhibition of glycation was known by calculating percentage of inhibition and IC50. Selected active fraction was used for in vivo tests using 24 Wistar male rats. Measurement of glucose levels used GOD-PAP method, while levels of glycated albumin (GA) and Nε- (carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) were measured using ELISA. Analysis of RAGE gene expression used qPCR. Results Glycation test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between all treatments. Chloroform extract showed higher percentage of inhibition (62.4 ± 3.45%) with lower IC50 (0.33 ± 0.01 mg/ml) compared to methanol extract (0.52 ± 0.03 mg/ml). Methanol-soluble extracts had a higher percentage of inhibition (51.10 ± 1.64%) with IC50 0.45 ± 0.05 mg/ml compared to methanol-insoluble extract (1.25 ± 0.05 mg/ml). Fraction II had a higher percentage of inhibition (53.37 ± 1.92%) with IC50 0.12 ± 0.01 mg/ml compared to other fractions. Selected active fraction reduced blood glucose by 1.3% and 5.2% and CML levels by 50.6% and 42.4% at concentrations of 0.17 and 0.255 mg/ml in diabetic rats. RAGE gene expression was lower in the diabetic rat groups treated with active fraction compared to untreated diabetic group. Conclusions The active fraction has ability for reducing blood glucose, antiglycation, or reducing CML levels, and RAGE gene expression.

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Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

Current Proteomics ◽

10.2174/1570164617666190925121720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 191-199

Author(s):

Seval Yilmaz ◽

Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽

Emre Kaya ◽

Mustafa Ozkaraca

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Tp53 Gene ◽

Control Group ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Cat Gene ◽

Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

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Effects of glutamine supplementation on oxidative stress-related gene expression and antioxidant properties in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511004168 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (8) ◽

pp. 1112-1118 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Pei-Hsuan Tsai ◽

Jun-Jen Liu ◽

Chui-Li Yeh ◽

Wan-Chun Chiu ◽

Sung-Ling Yeh

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Related Gene ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Oxidative Stress Related Gene

There are close links among hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Glutamine (GLN) is an amino acid with immunomodulatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of dietary GLN on oxidative stress-relative gene expressions and tissue oxidative damage in diabetes. There were one normal control (NC) and two diabetic groups in the present study. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide followed by streptozotocin (STZ). Rats in the NC group were fed a regular chow diet. In the two diabetic groups, one group (diabetes mellitus, DM) was fed a common semi-purified diet while the other group received a diet in which part of the casein was replaced by GLN (DM-GLN). GLN provided 25 % of total amino acid N. The experimental groups were fed the respective diets for 8 weeks, and then the rats were killed for further analysis. The results showed that blood thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) mRNA expression in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the NC group. Compared with the DM group, the DM-GLN group had lower glutamine fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1, a receptor of advanced glycation end products, and Txnip gene expressions in blood mononuclear cells. The total antioxidant capacity was lower and antioxidant enzyme activities were altered by the diabetic condition. GLN supplementation increased antioxidant capacity and normalised antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, the renal nitrotyrosine level and Txnip mRNA expression were lower when GLN was administered. These results suggest that dietary GLN supplementation decreases oxidative stress-related gene expression, increases the antioxidant potential and may consequently attenuate renal oxidative damage in rats with STZ-induced diabetes.

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Abstract 41: Explant-Derived Cells from Chronic Heart Failure Activated Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Attenuated Pluripotency Genes Expression

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.111.suppl_1.a41 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Liudmila Zakharova ◽

Hikmet Nural ◽

Mohamed A Gaballa

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Cell Outgrowth ◽

Pluripotency Genes

Cardiac progenitor cells are generated from atria explants; however the cellular origin and the mechanisms of cell outgrowth are unclear. Using transgenic tamoxifen-induced Willms tumor 1 (Wt1)-Cre/ERT and Cre-activated GFP reporter mice, we found approximately 40% of explant-derived cells and 74% of explant-derived c-Kit+ cells originated from the epicardium. In atria from sham hearts, Wt1+ cells were located in a thin epicardial layer, while c-Kit+ cells were primarily found within both the sub-epicardium and the myocardium, albeit at low frequency. No overlap between c-Kit+ and Wt1+ cells was observed, suggesting that epicardial Wt1+ cells do not express c-Kit marker in vivo, but more likely the c-Kit marker was acquired in culture. Compared with 4 days in culture, at day 21 we observed 7 folds increase in Snail gene expression; 32% increase in α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) marker, and 30% decrease in E-cadherin marker, suggesting that the explant-derived cells underwent epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Cell outgrowths released TGF-β (1036.4 ± 1.18 pm/ml) and exhibited active TGF-β signaling, which might triggered the EMT. Compared to shams, CHF cell outgrowths exhibited elevated levels of EMT markers, SMA (49% vs. 34%) and Snail (2 folds), and reduced level of Wt1 (11% vs. 22%). In addition, CHF cell outgrowths had two folds increase in Pai1 gene expression, a direct target of TGF-β signaling. In c-Kit+ cells derived from CHF explants, Nanog gene expression was 4 folds lower and Sox 2 was 2 folds lower compared with cells from shams. Suppression of EMT in cell outgrowth increased the percentage of c-Kit+ and Wt1+ cells by 17%, and 15%, respectively. Also suppression of EMT in c-Kit+ cells resulted in 4 folds increase in Nanog and 3 fold increase in Sox2 gene expressions. Our results showed that CHF may further exuberates EMT while diminishes the re-activation of pluripotency genes. Thus, EMT modulation in CHF is a possible strategy to regulate both the yield and the pluripotency of cardiac-explant-derived progenitor cells.

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Branched chain amino Acids as in vitro and in vivo Anti-Oxidation Compounds

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00677 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3899-3904

Author(s):

Moath Alqaraleh ◽

Violet Kasabri ◽

Ibrahim Al-Majali ◽

Nihad Al-Othman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Raw 264.7 Cell ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Raw 264.7 Cell Line

Background and aims: Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) can be tightly connected to metabolism syndrome (MetS) which can be counted as a metabolic indicator in the case of insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of these acids under oxidative stress. Material and Methods: the in vitro antioxidant activity of BCAAs was assessed using free radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays. For further check, a qRT-PCR technique was madefor detection the extent of alterations in gene expression of antioxidative enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS(-induced macrophages RAW 264.7 cell line. Additionally, BCAAs antioxidant activity was evaluated based on plasma H2O2 levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in prooxidative LPS-treated mice. Results: Different concentrations of BCAAs affected on DPPH radical scavenging activity but to lesser extent than the ascorbic acid. Besides, BCAAs obviously upregulated the gene expression levels of catalases and Gpx in LPS-modulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. In vivo BCAAs significantly minimized the level of plasma H2O2 as well as the activity of XO activity under oxidative stress. Conclusion: our current findings suggest that BCAAs supplementation may potentially serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of oxidative stress occurs with atherosclerosis, IR-diabetes, MetS and tumorigenesis.

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NEPHRO-PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED METHANOL FRACTIONS PHYTO-COMPOUND FROM BARK OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i12.21274 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Shreya Mandal ◽

Arpita Patra ◽

Shrabani Pradhan ◽

Suchismita Roy ◽

Animesh Samanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Male Rats ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

Terminalia Arjuna ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Methanol Fraction ◽

Group I ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of the isolated phytocompounds from TA (Terminalia arjuna) bark and in vivo study for nephro-protective and oxidative stress reducing activity in experimentally induced albino male rats.Methods: Fractions from methanol crude TA extract were collected by column chromatography and F27, F28, F29 fractions were selected on the basis of antioxidant property by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The in vivo study performed by 30 albino male rats which were randomly divided into five groups: Group I (control)were taken normal food and water, Groups II (uremic) were injected acetaminophen intraperitoneally at the dose of 500 mg/kg/d for 10 d, Group III, IV and V(extract treatment) acetaminophen intraperitoneally at the dose of 500 mg/kg/d for 10 d with co-administered orally of methanol fraction F27, F28, F29 at the dose of 100 mg/kg/d for 15 d respectively.Results: After scarification of rats, the uremic marker plasma urea (80%), creatinine (85%) were elevated and antioxidant enzyme marker such as plasma SOD and catalase level were significantly increased (p<0.05)in Group IV compared to Group II. The total phenolic content of the F28 methanolic fraction was (815.48±8.11) mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract. For isolation of available compound by 1H NMR study in F28 methanol fraction of TA bark was arjunoside IV which contained olefinic proton (a pair of carbon atom linked with double bond).Conclusion: Among the three methanolic fraction of TA bark, F28 was shown best antioxidative, nephron-protective and oxidative stress reducing property.

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Therapeutic Effect of Camel Milk and Its Exosomes on MCF7 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Integrative Cancer Therapies ◽

10.1177/1534735418786000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1235-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Abdelnaser A. Badawy ◽

Mohammed A. El-Magd ◽

Sana A. AlSadrah

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Immune Response ◽

Local Injection ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Anticancer Effect ◽

Mcf7 Cells ◽

Beneficial Effects

Background/Objectives: In the Middle East, people consume camel milk regularly as it is believed to improve immunity against diseases and decrease the risk for cancer. Recently, it was noted that most of the beneficial effects of milk come from their nanoparticles, especially exosomes. Herein, we evaluated the anticancer potential of camel milk and its exosomes on MCF7 breast cancer cells (in vitro and in vivo) and investigated the possible underlying molecular mechanism of action. Methods/Results: Administration of camel milk (orally) and its exosomes (orally and by local injection) decreased breast tumor progression as evident by ( a) higher apoptosis (indicated by higher DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity, Bax gene expression, and lower Bcl2 gene expression), ( b) remarkable inhibition of oxidative stress (decrease in MDA levels and iNOS gene expression); ( c) induction of antioxidant status (increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX), ( d) notable reduction in expression of inflammation-( IL1b, NFκB), angiogenesis-( VEGF) and metastasis-( MMP9, ICAM1) related genes; and ( e) higher immune response (high number of CD+4, CD+8, NK1.1 T cells in spleen). Conclusions: Overall, administration of camel milk–derived exosomes showed better anticancer effect, but less immune response, than treatment by camel milk. Moreover, local injection of exosomes led to better improvement than oral administration. These findings suggest that camel milk and its exosomes have anticancer effect possibly through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, camel milk and its exosomes could be used as an anticancer agent for cancer treatment.

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Abstract 253: Di-n-butyl Phthalate: An Indoor Pollutant Induces Murine Macrophages Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, a Potential Atheropathogenesis Modulator

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Mazhar ◽

Dhuha Alsayrafi ◽

Tong Wu ◽

Mahdi Garelnabi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Compensatory Response ◽

Murine Macrophages ◽

Atherosclerosis Progression ◽

Indoor Pollutant ◽

Human Cardiovascular System ◽

Butyl Phthalate

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is used in air fresheners. It is a colorless oily compound which also used for manufacturing bendable plastics. DBP can cause low acute or chronic toxicity; however, the effect of DBP on humans in the form of air fresheners is not well studied. The effect of DBP on the human cardiovascular system has not been studied. Macrophages are involved in atherosclerosis progression and development; murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were used for this study. The macrophages were treated with 10uM, 20uM and 50uM DBP for 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Genes involved in inflammation and antioxidant activity like TNF-a, MCP-1, VCAM-1, NF-kB, PON1, SOCS were analyzed after treatment. macrophages showed statistically significant increases in TNF-alpha expression (p≤ 0.05) after 24 hour treatment with DBP. The expression of NF-kB showed a significant increase in response to DBP treatment (p≤ 0.05) at 24 hours. MCP-1 and VCAM-1 gene expressions were also upregulated after exposure to DBP. Interestingly, catalase gene expression was upregulated in all treatments after 24 hours of exposure however PON-1 gene expression showed differential upregulation responses. Our data clearly suggest that DBP induces inflammation in macrophages. PON1 and catalase upregulated gene expression indicative of a compensatory response to oxidative stress associated with the treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation mediated macrophages responses strongly linked to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.

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A Mechanistic Evaluation of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Their Potential against Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9101019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nur Zuliani Ramli ◽

Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya ◽

Ikuo Tooyama ◽

Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Green Tea Polyphenols ◽

Food Sources ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Antioxidative Effects

Nutraceuticals have been extensively studied worldwide due to its neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro studies, attributed by the antioxidative properties. Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative disorders that are discussed in this review. Both AD and PD share the similar involvement of oxidative stress in their pathophysiology. Nutraceuticals exert their antioxidative effects via direct scavenging of free radicals, prevent damage to biomolecules, indirectly stimulate the endogenous antioxidative enzymes and gene expressions, inhibit activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, and chelate metals. In addition, nutraceuticals can act as modulators of pro-survival, pro-apoptotic, and inflammatory signaling pathways. They have been shown to be effective particularly in preclinical stages, due to their multiple mechanisms of action in attenuating oxidative stress underlying AD and PD. Natural antioxidants from food sources and natural products such as resveratrol, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and vitamin E are promising therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disease as they have fewer adverse effects, more tolerable, cheaper, and sustainable for long term consumption.

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