scholarly journals Aquaporin-4 protein expression in normal canine brains

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Álvarez ◽  
Ester Blasco ◽  
Martí Pumarola ◽  
Annette Wessmann
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Aqp4 Expression ◽  
Canine Brain ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

Abstract Background Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is in growing recognition as potential marker for cancer progression, differentiation and therapeutic intervention. No information is available about AQP4 expression in the normal canine brain. The aim of this histopathological study is to confirm the presence of AQP4 by immunohistochemistry technique in a group of non-pathological canine brains and to describe its expression and distribution across the brain. Results Twelve non-pathological canine brains of various ages (ranging from 21 days to 17 years) and breeds were included in the study. Immunohistochemical expression of AQP4 was analyzed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections. The findings were correlated between AQP4 expressing cells and astrocytes using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). AQP4 expression was more marked in the astrocyte foot processes of subpial, perivascular and periventricular surfaces in all specimens. The majority of the canine brain sections (9/12) presented with an AQP4 predilection for white matter tracts. Interestingly, the two youngest dogs (21 days and 3 months old) were characterized by diffuse AQP4 labelling in both grey and white matter tracts. This result may suggest that brain development and ageing may play a role in the AQP4 distribution throughout the canine brain. Conclusions This is the first study to describe immunohistochemical distribution of AQP4 in normal canine brains. The AQP4 expression and distribution in non-pathological canine brains was comparable to other species. Larger studies are needed to substantiate the influence of breed and ageing on AQP4 expression in the normal canine brain.

scholarly journals Accumulation of meningeal lymphocytes, but not myeloid cells, correlates with subpial cortical demyelination and white matter lesion activity in progressive MS patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanzeh M Ahmed ◽  
Nina Fransen ◽  
Hanane Touil ◽  
Iliana Michailidou ◽  
Inge Huitinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cortical Injury ◽  
Meningeal Inflammation ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Cell Accumulation ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Potential Link

Subpial cortical demyelination is an important component of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology contributing to disease progression, yet mechanism(s) underlying its development remain unclear. Compartmentalized inflammation involving the meninges may drive this type of injury. Given recent findings identifying substantial white matter (WM) lesion activity in patients with progressive MS, elucidating whether and how WM lesional activity relates to meningeal inflammation and subpial cortical injury is of interest. Using post-mortem formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (range, 5-72 blocks; median, 30 blocks) for each of 27 progressive MS patients, we assessed the relationship between meningeal inflammation, the extent of subpial cortical demyelination, and the state of subcortical WM lesional activity. Meningeal accumulations of T cells and B cells, but not myeloid cells, were spatially adjacent to subpial cortical lesions and greater immune-cell accumulation was associated with higher subpial lesion numbers. Patients with a higher extent of meningeal inflammation harboured a greater proportion of active and mixed (active-inactive) WM lesions, and an overall lower proportion of inactive and remyelinated WM lesions. Our findings support the involvement of meningeal lymphocytes in subpial cortical injury, and also point to a potential link between inflammatory subpial cortical demyelination and pathological mechanisms occurring in the subcortical white matter.

Prevalence and genetic features of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17529-e17529
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Fukang Sun ◽  
Juping Zhao ◽  
Dai Jun ◽  
Le Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Ffpe Tumor ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

e17529 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies, with rising incidence rate in China. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed 53% of patients with PCa had ETS family gene fusions. The most frequent fusion type of ETS fusions is TMPRSS2-ERG, which may predicts resistance to taxane and androgen-deprivation therapies. The prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in Chinese PCa patients evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC) varied from 7.5% to 78.0%. However, the sample sizes were small. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic features of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion by next generation sequencing (NGS) in a larger Chinese PCa cohort. Methods: Genomic profiling was performed through NGS from Chinese patients with PCa between January, 2017 and November, 2019. Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens or blood samples from participants were collected for NGS. IHC staining for PD-L1 expression was performed using PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay or Ventana PD-L1 SP263 assay. Data analyses were performed using SPSS and R 3.6.1. Results: A total of 526 Chinese PCa patients were included in this study. The median age was 70 (range, 29-90) years old. We observed 13.1% patients with a positive PD-L1 expression, 3.0% patients with MSI-H, and a median TMB of 4.0 muts/Mb (range: 0-72.9). TMPRSS2 fusions were detected in 47 (8.9%) PCa patients, and 6.8% of patients had TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, which is significantly lower than that of Caucasian patients. The PD-L1 expression pattern and TMB distribution of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive patients were similar with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-negative patients, however no fusion-positive patients were identified as MSI-H. Among these 36 TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive patients, the most frequently somatic mutations were detected in TP53 (38.9%), AR (11.1%), ATM (11.1%), and PTEN (11.1%). 9 (22.2%) patients harbored somatic mutations in PI3K/ AKT/mTOR pathway that has been previously demonstrated to collaborate with ERG to promote prostate cancer progression. Conclusions: This study revealed the prevalence and genetic features of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in Chinese PCa patients by NGS in the first time. Our results provide a better understanding of molecular features in Chinese TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive PCa patients.

scholarly journals The Association of Extravasated Platelet Aggregation With Clinical Futures in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Its Correlation With EMT Markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Ahmadiankia ◽  
Maryam Yarmohammadi ◽  
Azam Hadi ◽  
Behnaz Jafari ◽  
Mozhgan Fazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Emt Markers ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The theory of platelet role in cancer progression was recently introduced. We investigated the association of extravasated platelets in colorectal cancer with clinicopathological features, and also the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. We retrospectively analyzed data from 33 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery between 2013-2016. In formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated the expression of a platelet-specific marker of CD42b and EMT markers using immunohistochemistry. The associations among the expression of the platelet‑specific marker in specimens, EMT, and clinicopathological futures were analyzed. The presence of platelets was observed in 15 out of 33 primary colorectal tumors (45%). According to multivariate analysis, CD42b expression was not correlated with clinical characteristics. Platelet-positive tumor cells did not show EMT marker expression. These data suggest that extravasated platelets may not have a central role in determining patient characteristics and clinical futures.

Increased expression of galectin-1 during the progression of cervical neoplasia

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 2018-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kohrenhagen ◽  
H. U. Volker ◽  
M. Kapp ◽  
J. Dietl ◽  
U. Kammerer
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Cervical Specimen

Galectin-1, a member of the β-galactoside-binding family, is widely expressed in epithelial and immune cells. It is involved in several normal and pathologic processes, such as cancer progression, metastasis, and immunobiology. Galectin-1 was found to be overexpressed in various cancer cells and the corresponding benign tissue. Therefore, it has been described as a marker for tumor progression in some malignancies. In the current study, the expression of galectin-1 was examined in 80 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissues: 20 benign cervical specimen, 20 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 20 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), and 20 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCC). Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the intensity of the galectin-1 expression on stromal cells next to the transformed cells increased according to the pathologic grade: benign cervical tissue < LGSIL < HGSIL < ISCC (P < 0.001). The epithelial cells were always negative for galectin-1. These results suggest that galectin-1 expression on stromal cells increases with the histopathologic grade of cervical tissues, and it can be concluded that this increase is associated with the progression of cervical neoplasia.

Cerebral Microangiopathy in Leukoencephalopathy With Cerebral Calcifications and Cysts: A Pathological Description

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Guy Helman ◽  
Angela N. Viaene ◽  
Asako Takanohashi ◽  
Marjolein Breur ◽  
Rebecca Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Cystic Degeneration ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Foamy Macrophages

Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC) is a neurological syndrome recently associated with pathogenic variants in SNORD118. We report autopsy neuropathological findings from an individual with genetically confirmed LCC. Histologic studies included staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections by hematoxylin and eosin, elastic van Gieson, and luxol fast blue. Immunohistochemistry stains against glial fibrillary acidic protein, proteolipid protein, phosphorylated neurofilament, CD31, alpha-interferon, LN3, and inflammatory markers were performed. Gross examination revealed dark tan/gray appearing white matter with widespread calcifications. Microscopy revealed a diffuse destructive process due to a vasculopathy with secondary ischemic lesions and mineralization. The vasculopathy involved clustered small vessels, resembling vascular malformations, and sporadic lymphocytic infiltration of vessel walls. The white matter was also diffusely abnormal, with concurrent loss of myelin and axons, tissue rarefaction with multifocal cystic degeneration, and the presence of foamy macrophages, secondary calcifications, and astrogliosis. The midbrain, pons, and cerebellum were diffusely involved. It is not understood why variants in SNORD118 result in a disorder that predominantly causes neurological disease and significantly disrupts the cerebral vasculature. Clinical and radiological benefit was recently reported in an LCC patient treated with Bevacizumab; it is important that these patients are rapidly diagnosed and trial of this treatment modality is considered in appropriate circumstances.

scholarly journals Comparison of Several White Matter Tracts in Feline and Canine Brain by Using Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 300 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Jacqmot ◽  
Bert Van Thielen ◽  
Alex Michotte ◽  
Inneke Willekens ◽  
Filip Verhelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Canine Brain

Age-depending degeneration of white matter tracts – A DTI-Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Faber ◽  
JC Schöne-Bake ◽  
C Melzer ◽  
M Tittgemeyer ◽  
B Weber
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Tracts
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