scholarly journals The current situation of Angiostrongylus vasorum in Romania: a national questionnaire-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Deak ◽  
Eduardo Berriatua ◽  
Andrei Daniel Mihalca
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Angiostrongylus vasorum (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea) is a vascular nematode that resides in the pulmonary arteries and the right side of the heart of a wide variety of carnivores, with an indirect life cycle using coprophagic gastropods as intermediate hosts. For domestic dogs, the infection with A. vasorum can be asymptomatic, but more frequently, it is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations like cardio-respiratory signs, bleedings, neurological signs, and ocular problems which can lead to death when not treated accordingly. Angiostrongylosis was confirmed for the first time in Romania in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in 2017 and two years later a seroepidemiologic study was conducted among domestic dogs. However, to this date, no clinical canine angiostrongylosis cases were published in Romania. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the knowledge about canine angiostrongylosis among veterinarians in Romania and to update the distribution of this disease using a national wide anonymous questionnaire. Results Overall, 147 unique responses were submitted, from 31 out of 42 counties. Twelve veterinarians (8%) from 8 counties (26%) acknowledged diagnosing a case of angiostrongylosis including 5 from the Bucharest and 1 from each of the remaining seven counties. All affected dogs had respiratory distress, 75% suffered cardiopathy, 16% coagulopathies and 8% neurological signs. Case diagnosis was based mostly on larval detection by coprology (67%) and serological antigen detection test (42%). Conclusions Romanian veterinarians are aware of canine angiostrongylosis and a significant number have clinical experience with the disease. Epidemiological studies are now needed to assess its distribution in the country, and further efforts are required to improve understanding of the disease, its diagnostic and treatment methods among veterinarians.

scholarly journals First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
P. Gavrilović ◽  
I. Todorović ◽  
I. Pavlović ◽  
A. Živulj
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Right

Angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging disease in Europe and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is considered as a main reservoir species for this parasite. Since there have been no reports of A. vasorum in red foxes in Serbia at the time of carrying out our investigations, the aim of the investigations was to explore the role of red foxes in South Banat (northern Serbia) as reservoirs for A. vasorum. Legally hunted foxes were autopsied in the Veterinary Specialised Institute “Pančevo”. The heart, lungs and pulmonary artery were examined macroscopically for evidence of gross lesions and for the presence of adult specimens of A. vasorum. Impression smears of the changed lung tissue were examined microscopically for the presence of first stage larvae of A. vasorum and histopathological examination was performed on lung samples. Out of 24 examined foxes hunted in different locations, 13 had lesions manifested in the lungs, which were suspected to be indicative of angiostrongylosis. In the majority of the foxes distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were swollen, firm, and discoloured to dark-red, dark-yellow and darkbrown. The characteristic lesions in distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were completely consistent with the presence of adult parasites in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, and with the presence of the first stage larvae in the impression smears. The present finding contributes to the knowledge of geographic distribution of angiostrongylosis in red foxes in Europe and provides valuable information that should raise awareness in veterinarians to consider this parasitosis in dogs with signs of cardiopulmonary diseases.

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Newfoundland, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Jeffery ◽  
Murray W Lankester ◽  
Mike J McGrath ◽  
Hugh G Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Crenosoma Vulpis ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Apparent Association ◽  
Dual Infections

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect the pulmonary arteries and airways, respectively, of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Both are widespread in Europe, but within North America, A. vasorum occurs only on the island of Newfoundland. During 2000–2002, 366 red fox carcasses were examined from six regions of Newfoundland for the purpose of determining the distribution of both parasites, effects on the condition of their host, and whether infection with one affects that of the other. Crenosoma vulpis occurred island-wide with a prevalence of 87% and mean (±SE) intensity of 230 ± 20.8. Young-of-the-year red foxes had more C. vulpis (260 ± 39.4) than yearlings (91 ± 31.2) or adults (78 ± 41.1) (χ2 = 25.72, df = 2, p < 0.001), and numbers of adult worm were weakly related to fecal output of first-stage larvae (r2 = 0.20, p < 0.001) but not to host sex or body-fat index. Angiostrongylus vasorum occurred only in southeast Newfoundland where prevalence was 56% and mean intensity was 72 ± 7.6. Its distribution may be limited by cold, as it was absent from areas with mean winter temperatures below –4 °C. Intensity of adult A. vasorum was not related to host age, sex, larval output, or measures of body condition. Although referred to as a heartworm, 88% of adult worms were actually found in the pulmonary arteries rather than in the right ventricle. Furthermore, there was no apparent association between infections with the two parasites (Gc[1] = 0.10) even though 40% of red foxes had dual infections.

scholarly journals Angiostrongylus vasorum in Domestic Dogs in Castilla y León, Iberian Peninsula, Spain

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Morchón ◽  
José Alberto Montoya-Alonso ◽  
José Ángel Sánchez-Agudo ◽  
Juan de Vicente-Bengochea ◽  
Xiomara Murcia-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Irrigated Crops

Angiostrongylus vasorum is the causative agent of canine angiostrongylosis, a disease affecting domestic and wild canids. In Europe, it is an emerging disease, mainly reported in red foxes. In Spain, there are a few studies that address the prevalence and pathology of this disease. Castilla y León is the largest region of the Iberian Peninsula, whose extensive area is 94,224 km2; however, until now, there have been no epidemiological studies on this disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the presence of antigens of A. vasorum in 1475 dogs from Castilla y León, showing an overall prevalence of 0.75%. The infected dogs were mainly outdoors, guard and hunting breed dogs and living in locations with mild climates close to areas of high edaphic humidity, such as stagnant water, irrigated crops or riverbanks, with the vegetation dominated by alders, holm oak and gall oak forests, where the intermediate hosts develop. It is necessary to carry out more in-depth studies on the epidemiology and pathology of this disease in Spain and Europe in order to carry out efficient control in both domestic and wild animals.

The first report of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Nematoda; Metastrongyloidea) in Poland, in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Demiaszkiewicz ◽  
Anna Pyziel ◽  
Izabela Kuligowska ◽  
Jacek Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Right ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Augustowska Primeval Forest

AbstractAngiostrongylus vasorum belongs to the superfamily of Metastrongyloidea. This nematode occurs in foxes, dogs and other predators. The Nematode A. vasorum place themselves in the pulmonary artery and its branches, and in the right ventricle and atrium of the heart. Numerous species of land snails are the intermediate hosts of the parasite. In 2013, lungs and hearts of 76 foxes shot in the Forest District Głęboki Bród in Augustowska Primeval Forest were parasitologically necropsied. Four of the examined foxes were infected with the nematode A. vasorum, a prevalence of 5.2%. In one fox pericardium there were 6 male and 6 female nematodes. In the remaining three foxes nematodes were localized in the pulmonary artery. In two foxes 2 specimens of nematodes were detected (male and female, and two females) while 1 female was detected in the other fox. This is the first report of the presence of the nematode A. vasorum in fox in Poland.

scholarly journals Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Robbins ◽  
Gary Conboy ◽  
Spencer Greenwood ◽  
Roland Schaper
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Crenosoma Vulpis ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Limax Maximus

Abstract Background Metastrongyloid parasites Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with various metastrongyloids spontaneously shed infective third-stage larvae (L3) into the environment via feces and mucus under laboratory conditions. Shed L3 retain motility up to 120 days, but whether they retain infectivity was unknown. Methods To assess the infectivity of shed L3, the heart/lungs of six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were obtained from trappers in Newfoundland, Canada. Lungs were examined for first-stage larvae (L1) by the Baermann technique. A high number of viable A. vasorum L1 and a low number of C. vulpis L1 were recovered from one fox; these were used to infect naïve laboratory-raised Limax maximus. L3 recovered from slugs by artificial digestion were fed to two naïve purpose-bred research beagles (100 L3/dog). L1 shed by these two dogs was used to infect 546 L. maximus (2000–10,000 L1/slug). L3 shedding was induced by anesthetizing slugs in soda water and transferring them into warm (45 °C) tap water for at least 8 h. Shed L3 recovered from slugs were aliquoted on romaine lettuce in six-well tissue culture plates (80–500 L3/well) and stored at 16 °C/75% relative humidity. Four naïve research beagles were then exposed to 100 L3/dog from larvae stored for 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, after shedding. Results All four dogs began shedding C. vulpis L1 by 26–36 days post-infection (PI). All four dogs began shedding A. vasorum L1 by 50 days PI. Conclusions L3 infectivity for the definitive host was retained in both metastrongyloids, indicating the potential for natural infection in dogs through exposure from environmental contamination. As an additional exposure route, eating or licking plant or other material(s) contaminated with metastrongyloid L3 could dramatically increase the number of dogs at risk of infection from these parasites. Graphic Abstract

Cardiac masses and potential sources of emboli

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Benyounes ◽  
Mauro Pepi ◽  
Roberta Esposito ◽  
Carmen Ginghina ◽  
Ariel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasound Artefacts ◽  
Cardiac Masses

Cardiac masses are abnormal structures within or immediately adjacent to the heart. They have to be distinguished from variants of normal cardiac structures, postoperative changes, and ultrasound artefacts. These abnormal masses may be localized in the left or right heart cavities, with different clinical manifestations according to their localization. Among the abnormal cardiac masses (thrombus, vegetations, tumours), tumours are not discussed in this chapter. Echocardiography is the main but not the only imaging technique for the evaluation of cardiac masses, and is largely available. Hence, it is indicated in patients with a systemic embolic event, searching for a cardiac source embolism. When transthoracic echocardiography is negative, transoesophageal echocardiography is indicated, in cryptogenic ischaemic events (no cause found). Right heart masses are mainly responsible for pulmonary embolisms, but may be the cause of a systemic embolus, via the atrial septum. Right heart thrombi rarely form in situ, and are hence more often venous thrombi entrapped in the right heart on their way to the pulmonary arteries. Echocardiography is mandatory in the setting of pulmonary embolism.

The life history of the rat lung-worm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae).

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Mackerras ◽  
DF Sandars
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
The Body ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right

Adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis live in the pulmonary arteries. Unsegmented ova are discharged into the blood stream, and lodge as emboli in the smaller vessels. First-stage larvae break through into the respiratory tract, migrate up the trachea, and eventually pass out of the body in the faeces. Slugs (Agriolimax laevis) act as intermediate hosts. Two moults occur in the slug, and third-stage larvae appear about the 17th day. The larvae remain within the two cast skins until freed in the stomach of the rat by digestion. They then pass quickly along the small intestine as far as the lower ileum, where they leave the gut and become blood-borne. They congregate in the central nervous system, and have been found there 17 hr after ingestion. The anterior portion of the cerebrum is the most favoured site, and here the third moult takes place on the sixth or seventh day and the final one between the 11th and 13th days. Young adults emerge on the surface of the brain from the 12th to 14th day, and spend the next 2 weeks in the subarachnoid space. From the 28th to 31st days they migrate to the lungs via the venous system, passing through the right side of the heart to their definitive site in the pulmonary arteries. The prepatent period in the rat usually lies between 42 and 45 days.

Fibromyalgia: transformation of views

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
E. G. Filatova ◽  
N. A. Melikova
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Widespread Pain ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Wide Range

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a mystery of modern rheumatology. Despite the high prevalence of FM according to special epidemiological studies, clinicians make this diagnosis rarely. The modern concept of fibromyalgia was created by Smythe and Moldofsky in the mid-70s. They introduced a new term «fibromyalgia», thereby emphasizing that this condition is more due to pain syndrome than inflammation of connective tissue. A disturbance of sensory information processing in the central nervous system (dysfunction of the pain system with the formation of central sensitization, CS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of FM. Clinical manifestations of FM include chronic widespread pain associated with a wide range of psychosomatic disorders (sleep disorders, cognitive disorders [fibro fog], anxiety, depression, fatigue, morning stiffness, etc.). The diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia have undergone significant changes. The latest FM diagnostic criteria were developed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 2016. According to the ACR (2016) FM criteria, a diagnosis of FM does not exclude the presence of other clinically important illnesses. Concomitant FM among patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) occurs 2–3 times more often than in the general population. Diagnostics and treatment of FM are extremely difficult for clinicians, it is especially difficult with comorbidity of FM with RD. Therefore, FM requires a multidisciplinary approach within a biopsychosocial model of pain syndrome: the treatment of a patient with RD and FM should combine anti-inflammatory therapy with a complex of methods (medications and nondrug therapy) used for FM therapy. The diagnostics of comorbid FM in patients with RD will allow for personalized and more effective analgesic therapy.

Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southern Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Santoro ◽  
Nicola D’Alessio ◽  
Francesca Di Prisco ◽  
Benedetto Neola ◽  
Brunella Restucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Chronic Course

AbstractAngiostrongylus vasorum (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) infection was detected at post-mortem examination in the pulmonary arteries and hearts of 34/102 (33,3%) of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Campania Region in southern Italy. Pathological changes consisted of granulomatous interstitial pneumonia caused by larvae and intravascular pulmonary adult nematodes. These changes confirm that angiostrongylosis infection in red foxes has a mainly chronic course, in which the infected host may disperse parasite larvae in the environment over its lifetime. Results suggest that the life cycle of A. vasorum is well established in the red fox in the Campania Region representing a potential infection risk for dogs.

scholarly journals Carcinoma en cuirasse associated to zosteriform metastasis from breast adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Refka Frioui ◽  
Azza Ghannem ◽  
Mariam Tabka ◽  
Badreddine Sriha ◽  
Colandane Belajouza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Case ◽  
The Right

We report an original case of carcinoma en cuirasse associated with zosteriform metastasis. A 40-year-old woman presented to our department with painful erythematous lesions. She had a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Numerous erythematous, papules and whitish vesicles were present over the right side of the chest in a dermatomal distribution with indurated coalescent plaques. Biopsy revealed metastatic carcinoma of breast origin. Breast mammography showed suspicious right nodule. Controlateral breast carcinoma with CM was diagnosed. CM show a wide range of clinical manifestations. Carcinoma en cuirasse, is a very rare form of metastatic cutaneous breast cancer. It is characterized by diffuse sclerodermatous induration of the skin. Zosteriform metastasis is also rarely seen. It may be distributed along dermatomeres in a variety of clinical patterns, including nodular, papulovesicular, or vesiculobullous. In our case, the zosteriform metastasis occurred in the contralateral site. It announced the developing of contralateral breast cancer.

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