First evidence of long-term effects of transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) on the human brain

Abstract Background With the high spatial resolution and the potential to reach deep brain structures, ultrasound-based brain stimulation techniques offer new opportunities to non-invasively treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about long-term effects of ultrasound-based brain stimulation. Applying a longitudinal design, we comprehensively investigated neuromodulation induced by ultrasound brain stimulation to provide first sham-controlled evidence of long-term effects on the human brain and behavior. Methods Twelve healthy participants received three sham and three verum sessions with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) focused on the cortical somatosensory representation of the right hand. One week before and after the sham and verum TPS applications, comprehensive structural and functional resting state MRI investigations and behavioral tests targeting tactile spatial discrimination and sensorimotor dexterity were performed. Results Compared to sham, global efficiency significantly increased within the cortical sensorimotor network after verum TPS, indicating an upregulation of the stimulated functional brain network. Axial diffusivity in left sensorimotor areas decreased after verum TPS, demonstrating an improved axonal status in the stimulated area. Conclusions TPS increased the functional and structural coupling within the stimulated left primary somatosensory cortex and adjacent sensorimotor areas up to one week after the last stimulation. These findings suggest that TPS induces neuroplastic changes that go beyond the spatial and temporal stimulation settings encouraging further clinical applications.

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Long-Term Effects of Attentional Performance on Functional Brain Network Topology

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0074125 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e74125 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Thomas P. K. Breckel ◽

Christiane M. Thiel ◽

Edward T. Bullmore ◽

Andrew Zalesky ◽

Ameera X. Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Network Topology ◽

Brain Network ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Functional Brain Network ◽

Attentional Performance

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Long-Term Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor with Subjective and Objective Quantification via Mailed-In Questionnaires

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000338683 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 394-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tatiana H. de Oliveira ◽

Matthew R. Ginsberg ◽

Scott Cooper ◽

Amy Nowacki ◽

Ali Rezai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Essential Tremor ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Objective Quantification ◽

Deep Brain

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The Long-term Effects of Spaceflight on Human Brain Physiology

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiol.2020201164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 295 (3) ◽

pp. 649-650

Author(s):

Michael H. Lev

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Brain Physiology

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Long-term effects of anterior pallidal deep brain stimulation for tourette's syndrome

Movement Disorders ◽

10.1002/mds.27645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 586-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marie-Laure Welter ◽

Jean-Luc Houeto ◽

Yulia Worbe ◽

Mamadou Hassimiou Diallo ◽

Andreas Hartmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Tourette's Syndrome ◽

Tourette’S Syndrome ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Deep Brain

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A Generative Network Model of the Human Brain Normal Aging Process

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12010091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Xiao Liu ◽

Shuaizong Si ◽

Bo Hu ◽

Hai Zhao ◽

Jian Zhu

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Network Model ◽

Aging Process ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Brain Networks ◽

Normal Aging ◽

Brain Network ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Functional Brain Network ◽

Generative Mechanisms

The human brain is approximately a symmetric structure, although the functional brain does not exhibit symmetry. Functional brain aging process modelling is essential for the understanding of hypothesized generative mechanisms for human brain networks throughout one’s lifespan. We present a novel generative network model of the human functional brain network, which is the hybrid of the local naïve Bayes model and the anatomical similarity correction (LNBE). We use LNBE, as well as published generative network models to simulate the aging process of the functional brain network, to construct artificial brain networks and to reveal the generative mechanisms and evolutionary patterns of human functional brain across human lifespans. It is suggested that the idea of classifying common neighbours while considering anatomical distances during network formation can provide a much more similar generative mechanism of the human fMRI brain aging process as well as a more practical generative network model of it. We hold that studies on brain normal aging process modelling have the potential to improve the way in which early warnings for latent injury or disease are practised today and advance healthcare.

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Long-term effects of Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/awh634 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 128 (10) ◽

pp. 2222-2223 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Hans-Joachim Freund

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Deep Brain

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No Additional Evidence that Proximity to the July 4th Holiday Affects Affective Polarization

Collabra Psychology ◽

10.1525/collabra.368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mark J. Brandt ◽

Felicity M. Turner-Zwinkels

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Social Distance ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

American Identity ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Future Studies ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Within Subjects

One promising approach for reducing affective polarization is priming a shared American identity and one promising event to prime that identity is the 4th of July. Prior work showed that proximity to the 4th of July reduced affective polarization. We conceptually replicated this study using a 9-wave longitudinal design in 2019. We found no short-term or long-term effects of the 4th of July on social distance from partisan and ideological ingroups or outgroups. Notably, our within-subjects design was able to identify the existence of individual differences in social distance trajectories across time, but there were not individual differences in short-terms changes in social distance in close proximity to the 4th of July. Additional analyses, did not find consistent predictors of these individual differences, suggesting a clear gap for future studies. Although priming a shared American identity may be effective, these findings suggest that the salutary effects of the 4th of July holiday do not emerge in 2019.

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Motor Performance in Children Diagnosed with Cancer: A Longitudinal Observational Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children7080098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Lotta Hamari ◽

Päivi M. Lähteenmäki ◽

Heidi Pukkila ◽

Mikko Arola ◽

Anna Axelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standardized Tests ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Manual Dexterity ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Children With Cancer

Children with cancer are dealing with different side and long-term effects caused by cancer and its treatments, like vinca-alkaloids, which may have negative effects on motor performance. However, the affected areas of motor performance (aiming and catching, balance, manual dexterity) and the differences in these areas between boys and girls and diagnoses are not frequently reported in a longitudinal design. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how motor performance changes over the course of cancer treatment. The study was conducted with 3-to 16-year-old children with cancer (N = 36) in 2013–2017. The five assessment points were 0, 2, 6, 12 and 30 months from diagnosis. Movement-ABC2 was used to assess motor performance. We found that aiming and catching skills decreased significantly during the follow-up (p < 0.05). Balance was affected at the 2-month measurement point (p < 0.05) and more in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia than in children with other cancer diagnoses (p < 0.05). Girls performed better than boys in manual dexterity at 6, 12 and 30 months (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Individual monitoring of motor performance with standardized tests and physical activity/exercise programs during and after treatment are needed.

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