Social contexts of fertility desire among non-childbearing young men and women aged 15–24 years in Nigeria

Abstract Background Reduction in ideal number of children has been suggested as a necessary precursor for fertility decline especially in high fertility countries of Western and Central Africa. In this study, we explored the social contexts of fertility desires by documenting the effects of individual, household as well as contextual characteristics among young men and women in Nigeria. Methods Data source was the male and female recode file of 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Analytical sample comprised 2674 males and 9637 females aged 15–24 years. The main outcome variable was desire for large family size (DLFS) defined as ideal number of children greater than four. Analysis involved use of descriptive statistics and random-effect logit models fitted in four stages. Results DLFS was 71% among young men and 53% in women. Individual-level factors associated with DLFS among men includes Islam religion (OR = 3.95, CI 2.68–5.83), household size (OR = 1.05) and richer (OR = 0.47, CI 0.29–0.75) or richest wealth index (OR = 0.28, CI 0.16–0.75). Geo-political region and high level of negative attitude to family planning (OR = 1.72, CI 1.23–2.40) were the main contextual factors associated with DLFS. For women, individual-level correlates were education, religion, ethnicity, marital status, household size, and wealth index. Contextual factors include geo-political region, community education (OR = 0.68, CI 0.52–0.89), child mortality experience (OR = 1.29, CI 1.11–1.51) and negative attitude to family planning (OR = 1.36, CI 1.13–1.65). The influence of religion, household wealth and attitude to family planning differ between young men and women. Conclusion Active communication and programmatic interventions are needed so that desire for large family size by young men and women do not become a clog for fertility transition in Nigeria.

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KASUS KELAHIRAN YANG TIDAK DIINGINKAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA ANALISIS DATA SDKI 1991

Populasi ◽

10.22146/jp.11226 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Helly Prajitno Soetjipto ◽

Sukamdi Sukamdi

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Low Income ◽

Family Planning Program ◽

Married Women ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Planning Program ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Ideal Number ◽

The Relationship

This study is intended to pursue the previous attempts in examining the relationship between low fertility regime and the case of births which had been delivered unintendedly in Yogyakarta. Using an unweighted sample of 575 married women in the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 1991, this study found that 75 cases out of 474 last birth children were bom unintendedly (beyond the range of ideal number of children). Most of the 75 cases were bom by women who have 2 or 3 ideal number of children and by a devoted Family Planning acceptors. Most of the women have limited accesses in education and economic activities. The case of unwantednes were found predominantly among women older than 25 years. Even though only a tentative findings, this study shed some light to the fact that Family Planning program to some extent may contribute to the rate of unwantedness. Apolicy is needed especially in reducing the risk of unwantedness among the low-income women.

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Voluntary or Involuntary Childlessness? Socio-Demographic Factors and Childlessness Intentions among Childless Finnish Men and Women aged 25-44

Finnish Yearbook of Population Research ◽

10.23979/fypr.45051 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 5-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Anneli Miettinen

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Well Being ◽

Men And Women ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Voluntarily Childless ◽

Voluntary Childlessness ◽

Ideal Number ◽

Intentional Childlessness ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Personal Accounts

Lifetime childlessness is expected to increase in the future. Recent research suggests that also voluntary childlessness in increasing among young adults. As childbearing decisions are increasingly based on individual preferences and choices it is believed that also those who do not favor family life with children can now more freely express their preferences. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of voluntary childlessness among Finnish young adults and factors associated with it. Data come from Finnish Social Relationships and Well-being Survey, conducted in 2008 among 25-44-year-old childless or one-child men and women. This study focuses on childless respondents (N=1244). Two types of intentional childlessness are distinguished. Persons are classified as voluntarily childless if they do not intend to have children and prefer life without children. Those, who also have no intentions to have children, but whose personal ideal number of children is above zero are defined as persons who have relinquished parenthood intentions. Childhood characteristics are found to predict voluntary childlessness more, while socioeconomic circumstances and lack of a suitable partner explain relinquished parenthood intentions. Respondents personal accounts on the reasons behind their childbearing choices support the findings from multivariate analyses.

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THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S HOMOPHOBIA

PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL ◽

10.31108/1.2020.6.12.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

Halyna Sviderska ◽

◽

Anastasia Hnap ◽

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Young Men ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Social Institution ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Media ◽

People’S Attitudes ◽

The One ◽

Biased Perception

Despite all the positive changes due to European integration processes, the problem of prejudiced and negative attitudes towards people with “non-traditional sexual orientation” in Ukraine traditionally remains unresolved, homosexuality is taboo and it is “sinful”, and homophobic attitudes are often perceived as “truly moral” Christian virtues. The empirical study on psychological characteristics of the development and manifestation of young people’s homophobia performed by us has demonstrated existing contradictions in young people’s attitudes to homosexuality. On the one hand, young men and women belong to a fairly progressive, quite tolerant part of society. On the other hand, our data have revealed homophobic behaviour often manifested by young people. Many young people showed homo-negativism - denial and negative attitude towards certain aspects of homosexuality. Thus, very many young men and women believed that homosexuality was dangerous, since it could cause a “possible demographic crisis”, “spread of diseases”, “dissolution of the family as a social institution” and “harmful effects on a future generation’s psyche”. Many young people were convinced that an obviously demonstrated homosexual lifestyle increased the number of people with a non-traditional orientation, therefore gay pride parades, same-sex marriages, and adoption of children by homosexuals should be banned. Negative ideas about homosexual people and prejudice against them were formed not because young people’s own experience, since they practically did not know homosexuals, but due to stereotypical thinking, non-professional publications in the media and due to the lack of proper education in the field of gender psychology. In our opinion, homonegativism and homophobia shared by young people exist because of inadequate, not scientifically proven information about homosexual people, biased perception of sexual minorities based on shocking images of entertainers, film characters etc. We believe that overcoming homonegativism and homophobia is possible through the refutation of myths, stereotypes and prejudices regarding various aspects of human sexuality with psychological education and through an adequate state policy that should not contribute to anti-homosexual xenophobic attitudes.

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How does variance in fertility change over the demographic transition?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2015.0155 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 371 (1692) ◽

pp. 20150155 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Daniel J. Hruschka ◽

Oskar Burger

Keyword(s):

Poisson Process ◽

Fertility Transition ◽

Upper Bounds ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Middle Income ◽

Individual Level ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Individual Determinants ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Ideal Number

Most work on the human fertility transition has focused on declines in mean fertility. However, understanding changes in the variance of reproductive outcomes can be equally important for evolutionary questions about the heritability of fertility, individual determinants of fertility and changing patterns of reproductive skew. Here, we document how variance in completed fertility among women (45–49 years) differs across 200 surveys in 72 low- to middle-income countries where fertility transitions are currently in progress at various stages. Nearly all (91%) of samples exhibit variance consistent with a Poisson process of fertility, which places systematic, and often severe, theoretical upper bounds on the proportion of variance that can be attributed to individual differences. In contrast to the pattern of total variance, these upper bounds increase from high- to mid-fertility samples, then decline again as samples move from mid to low fertility. Notably, the lowest fertility samples often deviate from a Poisson process. This suggests that as populations move to low fertility their reproduction shifts from a rate-based process to a focus on an ideal number of children. We discuss the implications of these findings for predicting completed fertility from individual-level variables.

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Postoje mladej generácie k otázke manželstva a rodičovstva

Kiedy myślimy rodzina... ◽

10.15633/9788374385091.10 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 113-125

Author(s):

Daniela Cehelská

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Related Phenomenon ◽

Men And Women ◽

Important Relationship

This contribution refers to the analysis of important relationship bonds in particular social contexts and relationships to build quality partnerships, flowing into marriages as well as the related phenomenon of “family planning”. Post talks about the priorities of young people, the needs of men and women and therefore the reasons that affect decisions on such weighty matters such as marriage and parenthood. Defines the transformation of families in contemporary society, positive wedlock and starting a family and economic factors affecting the formation of families.

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Determinants of Change in Fertility among Women in Rural Areas of Uganda

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2019/6429171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulino Ariho ◽

Abel Nzabona

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Large Family ◽

Fertility Behavior ◽

Low Fertility ◽

First Sex ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Children Ever Born

Fertility among rural women in Uganda continues to decline. Studies on fertility in Uganda have focused on the overall fertility in the country. In this study, we focus on determinants of change in fertility among rural women in Uganda using a multivariate Poisson decomposition technique to quantify the contribution of changes in the socioeconomic and demographic composition of women which we also refer to as the characteristic effects and changes in their fertility behavior (the coefficients’ effects or risk of childbearing) to the overall reduction in fertility among women in rural areas during the 2006–2016 period. The “characteristics effects” are used to mean the effect of changing composition of women by the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics between 2006 and 2016. On the other hand, fertility behavior also presented as coefficients’ effects mean changes in the risk or likelihood of giving birth to children by the rural women between the two survey years. Our findings indicate that the mean number of children ever born (MCEB) reduced from 4.5 to 3.9 in 2006 and this reduction was associated with both the changes in composition of women and fertility behavior. The composition of women contributed to 42% while the fertility behavior contributed to 58% of the observed reduction. The education level attained and the age at first sex showed significant contributions on both components of the decomposition. The observed decline in fertility is largely associated with the variation in the risk of childbearing among the rural women. The variation in the risk of childbearing by education and age at first sex of the rural women showed to be the biggest contribution to the observed change in fertility. Continued improvements in access, attendance, and completion of secondary schools by women in rural areas will be the key drivers to Uganda’s overall transition to low fertility. Furthermore, with improved access to mass media in the rural areas, there can be changes in attitudes and large family size preferences which can create a conducive environment for the utilization of family planning services in the rural communities. Efforts should therefore focus on applying appropriate methods to deliver packaged family planning messages to these communities.

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GENDER PERSPECTIVE OF IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on the Dialogue between Sciences & Arts Religion & Education ◽

10.26520/mcdsare.2020.4.158-163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 158-163

Author(s):

Natalia GABATIUC ◽

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Impression Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

National Level ◽

Young Men ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Public Image ◽

Local Context ◽

Gender Perspective ◽

Men And Women

As a relatively new research topic in local context, the study of the impression management strategies among young adults from the gender perspective is relevant both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical significance lies in the need for a comparative analysis of classical and recent studies conducted in various countries. Empirical investigation is of interest especially from the perspective of gender study of the phenomenon to identify and compare impression management strategies, used by young men and women in various contexts and interactions in the local environment (interpersonal relationships, workplace, organizational or public space), thus, we find this research actual as it would provide a better understanding of the strategies that young men and women use in to create a favourable image of themselves in various social contexts but also to suggest intervention for a better impression management of the public image in various social contexts by young adults and not only. Although at the international level, there are several studies analysing impression management strategies, at the national level, such studies are a few. In this sense, the studies carried out abroad served as conceptual support in the elaboration of the empirical approach carried out in the present research. Given the fact that impression management strategies are quite varied, we start from the premise that we will identify not only the strategies used in various social contexts but also differences in their manifestation and intensity, between men and women.

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The Maximum CPR Model: a demographic tool for family planning policy

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13094.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1736

Author(s):

Kristin Bietsch ◽

Emily Sonneveldt

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Planning Policy ◽

Family Planning Programs ◽

Postpartum Family Planning ◽

Ideal Number ◽

Contraceptive Prevalence ◽

Mathematical Construction

The Maximum CPR Model (MCM) allows demographers, policy makers, and family planning advocates to determine a country’s highest potential contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), based on an ideal number of children, demographic life events, and population structure. Understanding the highest potential level of CPR achievable under current circumstances in a population leads to realistic expectations and appropriate policy implementation. Countries with a large gap between current CPR and maximum CPR can focus on removing blocks to contraceptive use, while countries where the maximum potential CPR is near the actual CPR may need to shift their focus to demand generation or postpartum family planning programs. With a focus on equality of access to family planning, MCM produces CPR for all women, regardless of marital status. This paper details the mathematical construction of the MCM. A version of the model is available online for easy use by non-technical audiences in English and French.

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Quality of Family Planning Care as Enabling Factor for Modern Contraceptive Use in Indonesia: Evidence from PMA2020 Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-516964/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nurjaeni Nurjaeni ◽

Yothin Sawangdee ◽

Umaporn Pattaravanich ◽

Charamporn Holumyong ◽

Aphichat Chamratrithirong

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Modern Method ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Modern Family ◽

Modern Contraceptive Use ◽

Ideal Number ◽

Modern Family Planning

Abstract BackgroundThe utilization of modern family planning methods is a key pointer that mirrors universal access to reproductive health cares. Fulfilling unmet needs for modern contraceptives may decrease the level of maternal mortality by almost a third. This research employed the 2016 PMA2020 survey to assess multilevel variables related to modern family planning method use among women of reproductive age in Indonesia. MethodData from interviews of female and Service Delivery Point (SDP) of the 2016 Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) survey were linked to generate a merged dataset comprising women’s individual, cluster and SDP factors (N=10,210). Multilevel analysis was done to assess the influence of contextual factors including a summary index of SDP quality FP care on woman’s modern family planning practice. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were analysed and interpreted.ResultsModern contraceptive prevalence among women of childbearing age was 42.3% in 2016. There was a considerable variation in the likelihood of modern method use across the 372 clusters/EAs. Age, education, marital status, parity, residency, region, woman’s FP decision autonomy, cluster’s average ideal number of children, percentage of females dissatisfied with FP, and percent of females visited by CHVs were significant factors for modern FP use after adjusting for multilevel characteristics. Quality of FP care was revealed to be a significant enabling factor for modern contraceptive use in Indonesia. ConclusionsModern contraceptive prevalence among females aged 15-49 years was relatively low in 2016. The findings indicate that an advancement in modern method use can be gained by improving quality of family planning care. Likewise, an enhancement in women’s FP decision autonomy and their level of education, decline in women’s ideal number of children and diminution of the dissatisfaction with family planning are all major concerns to be addressed. Family planning policies must tackle adverse cultural norms and inequities in quality of family planning care and women’s education that would produce welfares to women, children, and communities.

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