scholarly journals RSV: perspectives to strengthen the need for protection in all infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Navarro Alonso ◽  
Louis J. Bont ◽  
Elena Bozzola ◽  
Egbert Herting ◽  
Federico Lega ◽  
...  

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis—is a significant cause of serious illness among young children between the ages of 0–5 years and is especially concerning in the first year of life. Globally, RSV is a common cause of childhood acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI) and a major cause of hospital admissions in young children and infants and represents a substantial burden for health-care systems. This burden is strongly felt as there are currently no effective preventative options that are available for all infants. However, a renaissance in RSV prevention strategies is unfolding, with several new prophylactic options such as monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccinations that are soon to be available. A key concern is that health decision makers and systems may not be ready to take full advantage of forthcoming technological innovations. A multi-stakeholder approach is necessary to bridge data gaps to fully utilise upcoming options. Knowledge must be made available at multiple levels to ensure that parents and doctors are aware of preventative options, but also to ensure that stakeholders and policymakers are given the necessary information to best advise implementation strategies.

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (10) ◽  
pp. 1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly M. Jeffery ◽  
Gail D’Onofrio ◽  
Hyung Paek ◽  
Timothy F. Platts-Mills ◽  
William E. Soares ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. FLEMING ◽  
A. J. ELLIOT

SUMMARYThe influenza virus continues to pose a significant threat to public health throughout the world. Current avian influenza outbreaks in humans have heightened the need for improved surveillance and planning. Despite recent advances in the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, seasonal epidemics of influenza continue to contribute significantly to general practitioner workloads, emergency hospital admissions, and deaths. In this paper we review data produced by the Royal College of General Practitioners Weekly Returns Service, a sentinel general practice surveillance network that has been in operation for over 40 years in England and Wales. We show a gradually decreasing trend in the incidence of respiratory illness associated with influenza virus infection (influenza-like illness; ILI) over the 40 years and speculate that there are limits to how far an existing virus can drift and yet produce substantial new epidemics. The burden of disease caused by influenza presented to general practitioners varies considerably by age in each winter. In the pandemic winter of 1969/70 persons of working age were most severely affected; in the serious influenza epidemic of 1989/90 children were particularly affected; in the millennium winter (in which the NHS was severely stretched) ILI was almost confined to adults, especially the elderly. Serious confounders from infections due to respiratory syncytial virus are discussed, especially in relation to assessing influenza vaccine effectiveness. Increasing pressure on hospitals during epidemic periods are shown and are attributed to changing patterns of health-care delivery.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261587
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nagano ◽  
Jung-ho Shin ◽  
Tetsuji Morishita ◽  
Daisuke Takada ◽  
Susumu Kunisawa ◽  
...  

Background The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected health care systems globally. The aim of our study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of hospital admissions for ischemic stroke by severity in Japan. Methods We analysed administrative (Diagnosis Procedure Combination—DPC) data for cases of inpatients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and admitted during the period April 1 2018 to June 27 2020. Levels of change of the weekly number of inpatient cases with ischemic stroke diagnosis after the declaration of state of emergency were assessed using interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis. The numbers of patients with various characteristics and treatment approaches were compared. We also performed an ITS analysis for each group (“independent” or “dependent”) divided based on components of activities of daily living (ADL) and level of consciousness at hospital admission. Results A total of 170,294 cases in 567 hospitals were included. The ITS analysis showed a significant decrease in the weekly number of ischemic stroke cases hospitalized (estimated decrease: −156 cases; 95% confidence interval (CI): −209 to −104), which corresponds to −10.4% (95% CI: −13.6 to −7.1). The proportion of decline in the independent group (−21.3%; 95% CI: −26.0 to −16.2) was larger than that in the dependent group (−8.6%; 95% CI: −11.7 to −5.4). Conclusions Our results show a marked reduction in hospital admissions due to ischemic stroke after the declaration of the state of emergency for the COVID-19 pandemic. The independent cases were affected more in proportion than dependent cases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_7) ◽  
pp. S688-S694
Author(s):  
Michiel van Boven ◽  
Anne C Teirlinck ◽  
Adam Meijer ◽  
Mariëtte Hooiveld ◽  
Christiaan H van Dorp ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract illness in young children and a major cause of hospital admissions globally. Methods Here we fit age-structured transmission models with immunity propagation to data from the Netherlands (2012–2017). Data included nationwide hospitalizations with confirmed RSV, general practitioner (GP) data on attendance for care from acute respiratory infection, and virological testing of acute respiratory infections at the GP. The transmission models, equipped with key parameter estimates, were used to predict the impact of maternal and pediatric vaccination. Results Estimates of the basic reproduction number were generally high (R0 > 10 in scenarios with high statistical support), while susceptibility was estimated to be low in nonelderly adults (<10% in persons 20–64 years) and was higher in older adults (≥65 years). Scenario analyses predicted that maternal vaccination reduces the incidence of infection in vulnerable infants (<1 year) and shifts the age of first infection from infants to young children. Conclusions Pediatric vaccination is expected to reduce the incidence of infection in infants and young children (0–5 years), slightly increase incidence in 5 to 9-year-old children, and have minor indirect benefits.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD; Tartaglia Edoardo ◽  
Vozzella Emilia Anna ◽  
LLD Iervolino Anna ◽  
Egidio Rosanna ◽  
Buonocore Gaetano ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: At the end of 2019, Wuhan, China, experienced an outbreak of a novel coronavirus. The epidemiologic burden of COVID-19 is constantly evolving, with numbers of infected persons, hospital admissions and deaths growing near exponentially. The recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide caught the health care systems in every country around the world by storm and without a proper defense mechanism to cope and control such a pandemic. In fact, this outbreak is causing an overwhelming burden of illnesses that stresses health system capacity and adverse effects on healthcare workers including the risk of infection. In this context, telemedicine has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission. In this paper the Authors reports their own experience with Telemedicine. Methods: During the “lockdown”, the AOU“Federico II” was forced to create peculiar pathways to ensure the safety of the patients and medical staff, and to keep an appropriate medical assistance, therefore it was introduced the telemedicine, wherever possible, by modifying the Information Technology (IT) related to the waiting times, rescheduling all booked visits and identifying several outpatient’s clinics suitable for telemedicine activities. Besides, safe pathways were properly studied to screening all patients who had a medical consult in person.Results: Since the introduction of telemedicine service, 953 consultations were provided in this way, about 13 % of all medical consults delivered by AOU “Federico II” in this period; 97,38% of them were follow-up visits, that otherwise would have been missed during the current pandemic, so an economic loss has been avoided. In addition, it has been calculated that, using Telemedicine visits vs a face-to-face consultation, about 65-70% of direct costs were spared by our Healthcare Company.Conclusions: Telemedicine has been the keystone that has allowed a rapid, appropriate response of whole overloaded healthcare systems to current Pandemic, and, as reported by Ohannessian et al., all stakeholders are encouraged to address the challenges and collaborate to promote the safe and evidence-based use of telemedicine during the current pandemic and future outbreaks, and the COVID-19 pandemic is a call to adopt the necessary regulatory changes supporting wide adoption of telemedicine.


2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. X. Wang ◽  
J. J. Wang ◽  
K. D. Lawson ◽  
S. Y. S. Wong ◽  
M. C. S. Wong ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S270-S270
Author(s):  
Brian Rha ◽  
Angela P Campbell ◽  
Darius McDaniel ◽  
Rangaraj Selvarangan ◽  
Natasha Halasa ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Viral infections are a significant cause of severe acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in young children. Understanding the current epidemiology of these viruses is important for informing treatment and prevention measures. We describe the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) and report preliminary results from 2015 to 2016. Methods Prospective active surveillance for hospitalized ARI was conducted from November 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016 among children <5 years of age at seven pediatric hospital sites (figure) using a broad case definition based on admission diagnoses. Parent interviews and medical chart reviews were performed, and mid-turbinate nasal and throat flocked swabs and/or tracheal aspirates were tested for adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza, parainfluenza viruses (PIV) 1–3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus/enterovirus using molecular diagnostic assays at each site. Asymptomatic controls <5 years of age were also enrolled. Results Among 2,974 hospitalized children with ARI whose specimens were tested for viruses, 2,228 (75%) were <2 years old, with 745 (25%) 0–2 months, and 309 (10%) 3–5 months old. The majority were male (58%; n = 1,732) and 63% (n = 1,093) had no documented comorbid conditions. The median length of stay was 2 days; 1,683 (57%) received supplemental oxygen, 435 (15%) were admitted to intensive care, 95 (3%) required mechanical ventilation, and 1 (<1%) died. Viruses were detected in 2,242 (75%) children with ARI, with >1 virus detected in 234 (8%). RSV was detected in 1,039 (35%) children with ARI, HMPV in 245 (8%), influenza in 104 (4%), and PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3 in 49 (2%), 2 (<1%), and 78 (3%), respectively. Rhinovirus/enterovirus was detected in 849 (29%) and adenovirus in 118 (4%) children with ARI, but were also detected in 18% (n = 227) and 5% (n = 60), respectively, of the 1,243 controls tested; the other viruses were more rarely detected in controls. Conclusion During the 2015–2016 season, viral detections were common in young children hospitalized for ARI at seven US sites. NVSN combines clinical data with current molecular laboratory techniques to describe respiratory virus epidemiology in cases of hospitalized pediatric ARI in order to inform current and future prevention, treatment, and healthcare utilization measures. Disclosures N. Halasa, Sanofi Pasteur: Investigator, Research support. GSK: Consultant, Consulting fee. Moderna: Consultant, Consulting fee. J. Englund, Gilead: Consultant and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research support. Novavax: Investigator, Research support. GlaxoSmithKline: Investigator, Research support. Alios: Investigator, Research support. MedImmune: Investigator, Research support. J. V. Williams, Quidel: Board Member, Consulting fee. GlaxoSmithKline: Consultant, Consulting fee.


1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Jamjoom ◽  
A. M. Al-Semrani ◽  
A. Board ◽  
A. R. Al-Frayh ◽  
F. Artz ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M Richards

Respiratory illnesses account for a significant proportion of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Respiratory complaints are a common cause of emergency department visits and hospital admissions. They range from mild and self-limited to severe and rapidly progressive. This review discusses the pathophysiology, assessment, stabilization, and management of asthma, community-acquired pneumonia, and bronchiolitis. Given the prevalence of these conditions and the morbidity and mortality attributed to them, it is important for clinicians to be familiar with their presentations and up to date on evidence-based management recommendations. This review contains 7 Figures, 20 Tables and 75 references Key Words: antibiotics, asthma, bronchiolitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pediatric respiratory, pneumonia, respiratory emergency, respiratory illness, respiratory syncytial virus


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