scholarly journals Characterization of virus-derived small interfering RNAs in Apple stem grooving virus-infected in vitro-cultured Pyrus pyrifolia shoot tips in response to high temperature treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
XueJiao Zhang ◽  
YueKun Yang ◽  
Ni Hong ◽  
GuoPing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Apple Stem Grooving Virus ◽  
Apple Stem

scholarly journals Protein Changes in the Flower Buds of Japanese Pear during Breaking of Dormancy by Chilling or High-temperature Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Tamura ◽  
Kenji Tanabe ◽  
Akihiro Itai ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Japanese Pear ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Induced Proteins

The dormancy of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) floral buds was broken by prolonged chilling or short-term high-temperature treatment (45 °C for 4 hours). Changes in the protein profiles of the floral buds were studied using two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis (2-DE). The quantities of nine cold-induced proteins (CIPs) increased in the floral buds with increases in chill unit (CU) value, but did not change rapidly when bud dormancy was near completion. When dormancy of floral buds was broken by high-temperature treatment, nine heat-shock proteins (HSPs) accumulated. These HSPs were distinct from the CIPs. The isoelectric point of the 19-kDa CIP shifted to the basic side by high-temperature treatment as well as by chilling. These results suggest that the 19-kDa protein may be a usable marker to measure the degree of bud dormancy in Japanese pear.

scholarly journals Combining Thermotherapy with Cryotherapy for Efficient Eradication of Apple stem grooving virus from Infected In-vitro-cultured Apple Shoots

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Min-Rui Wang ◽  
Zhen-Hua Cui ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Gayle M. Volk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Virus Eradication ◽  
Apple Stem Grooving Virus ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
In Vitro Shoots ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Alternating Temperature

Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), a difficult-to-eradicate virus from apple propagative materials, causes serious damage to apple production. The use of virus-free plants has been and is an effective strategy for control of plant viral diseases. This study aimed to eradicate ASGV from virus-infected in-vitro-cultured shoots of four apple cultivars and one rootstock by combining thermotherapy with cryotherapy. In vitro stock shoots infected with ASGV were thermo-treated using an alternating temperature of 36°C (day) and 32°C (night). Shoot tips were excised from the treated stock shoots and subjected to cryotherapy. Results showed that, although thermotherapy did not influence shoot survival rates, it reduced shoot growth and proliferation of in vitro shoots. Shoot regrowth rates decreased while virus eradication frequencies increased in cryo-treated shoot tips as time durations of thermotherapy increased from 0 to 6 weeks. Shoot regrowth and frequency of virus eradication were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with the size of shoot tips. The protocol established here yielded shoot regrowth rates and virus eradication frequencies of 33 to 76% and 30 to 100%, respectively, in the four apple cultivars and one rootstock. Thermotherapy altered virus distribution patterns, subsequently resulting in production of a larger virus-free area in the thermo-treated shoot tips. Many cells in the top layers of apical dome and some cells in the youngest leaf primordia survived in cryo-treated shoot tips; these cells were most likely free of virus infection. Thus, plants regenerated from the procedure of combining thermotherapy with cryotherapy were free of ASGV, as judged by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the widest-spectrum technique reported thus far for the production of ASGV-free plants and provides a novel biotechnology for the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Materials Synthesized by High Pressure-High Temperature Treatment of a Polymer Derived t-BC2N Ceramic

Materials ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2061-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace R. Matizamhuka ◽  
Iakovos Sigalas ◽  
Mathias Herrmann ◽  
Leonid Dubronvinsky ◽  
Natalia Dubrovinskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature

Characterization of Zr-doped TiO2 prepared by homogenous co-precipitation without high-temperature treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (22) ◽  
pp. 9421-9428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Lukáč ◽  
Mariana Klementová ◽  
Petr Bezdička ◽  
Snejana Bakardjieva ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Co Precipitation

scholarly journals High Temperature Alters Sorbitol Metabolism in Pyrus pyrifolia Leaves and Fruit Flesh during Late Stages of Fruit Enlargement

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Liu ◽  
Junbei Ni ◽  
Ruiyuan Wu ◽  
Yuanwen Teng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Sorbitol Metabolism

Sorbitol is the main photosynthetic product and primary translocated carbohydrate in the Rosaceae and plays fundamental roles in plant growth, fruit quality, and osmotic stress adaptation. To investigate the effect of frequent high temperature during advanced fruit development on fruit quality of chinese sand pear [Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai], we analyzed sorbitol metabolism in mature leaves and fruit flesh of potted ‘Wonhwang’ pear trees. In mature leaves, sorbitol synthesis catalyzed by NADP+-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) was repressed, while sorbitol utilization mainly catalyzed by NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD+-SDH) and NADP+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NADP+-SDH) was higher than that before high-temperature treatment, which resulted in decreased sorbitol accumulation. In contrast, sucrose accumulation in mature leaves was significantly enhanced in response to high temperatures. In fruit flesh, accumulation of sorbitol and sucrose was increased at the time of harvest under high temperatures. Among sorbitol metabolic enzymes, only NAD+-SDH was sensitive to high temperature in fruit flesh, and significant decrease of NAD+-SDH activity indicated that the fruit sorbitol-uptake capacity was undermined under high temperatures. Transcription analysis revealed tissue-specific responses of NAD+-SDH genes (PpSDH1, PpSDH2, and PpSDH3) to high-temperature treatment. The NAD+-SDH activity and regulation of PpSDH1 and PpSDH3 were positively correlated in mature leaves. However, the downregulation of PpSDH1 and PpSDH2 was consistent with decreased enzyme activity in the fruit flesh. With regard to sorbitol transport, two sorbitol transporter genes (PpSOT1 and PpSOT2) were isolated, and downregulation of PpSOT2 expression in mature leaves indicated that the sorbitol-loading capability decreased under high-temperature conditions because of the limited sorbitol supply. These findings suggested that sorbitol metabolism responded differently in mature leaves and fruit flesh under high temperature, and that these dissimilar responses influenced fruit quality and may play important roles in adaptation to high temperatures.

Characterization of Fossil Oil Fly Ash and the Enrichment of the Contained Vanadium as V4C3 by High-Temperature Treatment

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aurisicchio ◽  
G. Bardi ◽  
A. Colligiani ◽  
F. Corigliano ◽  
L. D'Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Oil Fly Ash

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun PAN/PSA Carbonized Nanofibers: Experiment and Simulation Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixin Jin ◽  
Jiali Yu ◽  
Yuansheng Zheng ◽  
Wen-Yi Wang ◽  
Binjie Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, we simulated the electric field distribution of side-by-side electrospinning by using the finite element method (FEM), and studied the effects of spinneret wall thickness, spinning voltage and receiving distance on the distribution of the electrostatic field. The receiving distance was selected as a variable in the experimental, a series of PAN/PSA composite nanofiber membranes were prepared by using a self-made side by side electrospinning device. The membranes were tested by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The prepared membranes were also treated by high-temperature treatment, and the change of fiber diameter and conductivity of the membrane before and after high-temperature treatment were studied. It was found that the PAN/PSA carbonized nanofibers could achieve a better performance in heat resistance and conductivity at 200 mm receiving distance.

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