scholarly journals Enterovirus serotypes in patients with central nervous system and respiratory infections in Viet Nam 1997–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh B’Krong ◽  
Ngo Ngoc Quang Minh ◽  
Phan Tu Qui ◽  
Tran Thi Hong Chau ◽  
Ho Dang Trung Nghia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Enterovirus Serotypes

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Nazari ◽  
Amirhossein Azari Jafari ◽  
Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni ◽  
Saeid Sadeghian ◽  
Mohammad Eghbal Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common

Background: At the end of December 2019, a novel respiratory infection, initially reported in China, known as COVID-19 initially reported in China, and later known as COVID-19, led to a global pandemic. Despite many studies reporting respiratory infections as the primary manifestations of this illness, an increasing number of investigations have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CNS presentations in COVID-19 patients in an attempt to identify the common CNS features and provide a better overview to tackle this new pandemic. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Included studies were publications that reported the CNS features between January 1st, 2020, to April 20th, 2020. The data of selected studies were screened and extracted independently by four reviewers. Extracted data analyzed by using STATA statistical software. The study protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020184456). Results: Of 2353 retrieved studies, we selected 64 studies with 11282 patients after screening. Most of the studies were conducted in China (58 studies). The most common CNS symptom of COVID-19 were Headache (8.69%, 95%CI: 6.76%-10.82%), Dizziness (5.94%, 95%CI: 3.66%-8.22%), and Impaired consciousness (1.9%, 95%CI: 1%-2.79%). Conclusions: The growing number of studies have reported COVID-19, CNS presentations as remarkable manifestations that happen. Hence, understanding the CNS characteristics of COVID-19 can help us for better diagnosis and ultimately prevention of worse outcomes.

scholarly journals Establishment of an in vitro screening model of bioactive compounds from Vietnamese medicinal plants using the recombinant central nervous system receptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Hong Nhung ◽  
Dinh Doan Long
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Semliki Forest Virus ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Neurokinin 1 Receptor ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Neurokinin 1

The central nervous system receptors are important targets of the drugs, involved in many neurological diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to build an in vitro screening model using recombinant receptors distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). Method: construction of cDNA system encoding for receptors; using Semliki Forest virus for the rapid and high expression of receptors in mammalian cell lines; designing binding assays for in vitro pharmacological studies of compounds and methanol plant extracts. Results: 24 cDNAs encoding for receptors and 1 screening kit with neurokinin-1 receptor were constructed; 4 receptors were expressed successfully. Conclusion: The in vitro screening model was established successfully and applied for NK1 receptors with high sensitivity and specificity. This model is a useful tool for discovery and development of target compounds acting in the CNS.   Keywords Recombinant CNS receptors, an in vitro screening assays, bioactive compounds, Semliki Forest virus. specificity References [1] Đỗ Huy Bích và cs, Cây thuốc và động vật làm thuốc ở Việt Nam, NXB Khoa học và kỹ thuật, 2004[2] Kenneth H. Lundstrom, M.L. Chiu, G Protein - Coupled receptors in Drug Discovery, Taylor & Francis Group, 2006[3] Zhu M., Bowery N.G., Greengrass P.M., Phillipson J.D., Application of radioligand receptor binding assays in the search for CNS active principles from Chinese medicinal plants, J. Ethnopharmacol. 54 (1996) 153[4] Phạm Thị Hồng Nhung, Hoàng Thị Mỹ Nhung, Đinh Đoàn Long, Cải biến vectơ hệ Virus Semliki Forest (SFV) nhằm biểu hiện thụ thể GPCR của người Việt Nam, Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ 31 (2015) 47[5] Berglund P., Sjoberg M., Garoff H., Atkins G.J., Sheahan B.J., and Liljestrom P., Semliki Forest virus expression system: production of conditionally infectious recombinant particles, Biotechnology 11 (1993) 916[6] Dinh DL, Pham THN, Hoang TMN, Trinh TC, Vo TTL, Pham TH, Kenneth L., Interaction of Vietnamese medicinal plant extracts with recombinantly expressed human neurokinin-1 receptor, Planta Medica Letters, 2(2015)42 [7] Rosso M., Mu᷈ Noz M., Berger M., The Role of Neurokinin -1 Receptor in the Microenvironment of Inflammation and Cancer, The Scientific World Journal, 2012 (2012)1[8] Tô Việt Bắc, Bùi Minh Đức, Phạm Thị Kim, Thử nghiệm khả năng gây độc trên chuột của chế phẩm rotundin, Tạp chí Y hoc Việt Nam, 7(1994)46[9] Violin J.D., Crombie A.L., Soergel D.G., Lark M.W., Biased ligands at G-protein-coupled receptors: promise and progress, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 35(2014) 308[10] Lundstrom K., Henningsen R., Semliki Forest virus vectors applied to receptor expression in cell lines and primary neurons, J. Neurochem 71 (1998) [11] Federal Register 58 No. 19, Addition of Appendix DL-X to the NIH guidelines regarding Semliki Forest virus. Human Gene Therapy. 1993. p.5.

scholarly journals Fortieth week

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2(May-August)) ◽  
pp. e552020
Author(s):  
Sérgio Cavalheiro
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Basic Sanitation

Next month, it will have been 9 months since the emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), that is, the length of a full-term pregnancy. What can be expected? Perhaps favorable outcomes, such as the following: 1) there is a lack of viral transmission to the fetus; 2) there is a failure to produce malformations in the fetal central nervous system during the "fetal moment," that is, the period when the fetus or its parent becomes infected; 3) the fetus is immune to the virus; and 4) the fetus inherits acquired immunity from its mother during the infection period. These questions are pertinent, and the ability to address them is attributable to the speed at which our Chinese colleagues identified this new mutated virus. Their efforts in this regard are much appreciated. The same was not achieved when we encountered the Zika virus epidemic, during which it took us a considerable time to correlate microcephaly with congenital viral infection. To date, we have counted more than 18 million confirmed cases on the planet, including over 680,000 deaths. Will the fetuses of infected pregnant mothers be spared? On reviewing works published in English and Chinese languages, we managed to identify only four cases of probable mother-to-child vertical transmission, one of which was identified at 30 h of life. However, in most of these cases, maternal contamination occurred in the third trimester of pregnancy. What is the real damage to the fetus' central nervous system when contamination occurs during embryogenesis? Such questions will surely be addressed in the imminent months. This pandemic has also revealed to us the fragility of our health service, considering the relatively high mortality rates obtained in well-equipped intensive care units (ICUs) with well-trained medical staff, facilities which are scarce in many regions of our country. Two groups of patients have been of major concern to us: pregnant women and newborns. First, results have already revealed that pregnant Brazilian women who became infected with the new coronavirus had a mortality rate 3.4 times higher than that of uninfected pregnant women. Could genetic factors, immunological factors, or failure to follow up during the puerperal period have contributed to this outcome? However, newborns seem to be protected. Due to the vaccine load they receive, they can build immunity against coronavirus; even a small amount of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), which is a co-receptor for the entry of the virus into cells (located mainly in the lungs, intestine, and heart) may block the early stages of infection by binding to the spike protein, preventing it from entering the cells. Alternatively, even a repeated number of viral infections could cause natural immunity. Nonetheless, this protection has not manifested in indigenous children, who are often malnourished and extremely vulnerable to respiratory infections. The mortality rate in the indigenous child and adolescent population is 7.5 per 100,000 inhabitants, which is 10 times higher than that in the same age group for other Brazilians. Therefore, the decimation of our indigenous population can be anticipated. Inevitably, the Indian population appeals for help (figure 1). A new multisystem inflammatory syndrome has recently been identified as a long-term effect of COVID-19, where, due to an imbalance of the inflammatory response, several tissues are affected, such as those of the gastrointestinal system as well as cardiovascular, hematological, cutaneous, respiratory, and neurological tissues. Overall, 2% of affected children have died. Population growth, lack of basic sanitation, deforestation of our forest reserves, and the increase in global temperatures have contributed to the emergence of new infectious epidemics and pandemics. Yellow fever, Ebola, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Zika, H1N1, H1N2, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and SARS are simply precursors of what lies ahead. This presents yet another great challenge for humanity, especially those who survive the next 4 million years on Earth.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF NORMAL SUBJECTS AND SUBJECTS WITH ANEMIA OTHER THAN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS WEISSBERG ◽  
T. H. McGAVACK ◽  
MILDRED VOGEL ◽  
S. KENIGSBERG
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract 1. The administration of 20 mg. of folic acid daily to a group of 26 normal subjects and to a group of 22 subjects with some form of anemia other than pernicious anemia for a period of six to twelve months was not harmful to the central nervous system. 2. Pre-existent neurologic changes in both groups of patients were not altered during the period of treatment with folic acid. 3. Hematologic variations in both groups were not significant during the period of treatment. 4. A sense of well being and a diminished incidence of upper respiratory infections were reported by many of the normal subjects to whom folic acid was administered.

scholarly journals An experience in treatment of neurologically silent clival chordoma mimicking a nasopharyngeal tumor

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110489
Author(s):  
Jung-Ting Lin ◽  
Heng-Jui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Oncologic Outcome ◽  
Debulking Surgery ◽  
Rare Neoplasm ◽  
Clival Chordoma ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Tumor ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Mass

Cranial chordoma is a rare neoplasm that is challenging to both diagnose and manage. We present our experience in treating a case of clival chordoma mimicking a nasopharyngeal mass without any signs of cranial deficits or intracranial insult. Management was comprised of endoscopic transnasal debulking surgery followed by radiotherapy. However, we failed to achieve an oncologic outcome due to the development of lethal central nervous system and respiratory infections 1 month after the surgery.

scholarly journals The Central Nervous System Effects and Mimicry of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): A Case Report with Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sohail Farshad ◽  
Fernando Figueroa Rodriguez ◽  
Alexandra Halalau ◽  
Joseph Skender ◽  
Cory Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Common Variable Immunodeficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Common Variable

There is a scarceness of information on the central nervous system effects of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). A 30-year-old woman with a history of recurrent upper respiratory infections, vitiligo, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura presented with right-sided numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic spine revealed a signal hyperintensity. MRI of the brain demonstrated FLAIR hyperintensity in the right middle frontal gyrus. Cerebral spinal fluid was unremarkable. Serum immunoglobulins revealed hypogammaglobulinemia. Endobronchial and subsequent mediastinum biopsies were all negative for sarcoidosis and malignancy. No infectious etiology was found. She was treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy for CVID-associated myelitis. Follow-up MRI showed improvement; however, her numbness persisted despite these treatments, which led to an outside physician adding methotrexate for their suspicion of sarcoidosis. Her symptoms remained stable for two years, but when the methotrexate dose was weaned, her numbness worsened. Upon review, the treatment team refuted the diagnosis of sarcoidosis but continued treatment with prednisone, IVIG, and methotrexate for CVID-associated myelitis, from which her symptoms have stabilized. Here, we discuss CVID-associated neurological complications, its similarities to sarcoidosis, and a literature review with treatment regimens and outcomes.

scholarly journals Aetiologies of Central Nervous System Infection in Viet Nam: A Prospective Provincial Hospital-Based Descriptive Surveillance Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e37825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nghia Ho Dang Trung ◽  
Tu Le Thi Phuong ◽  
Marcel Wolbers ◽  
Hoang Nguyen Van Minh ◽  
Vinh Nguyen Thanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Provincial Hospital

scholarly journals ML-20 Outcome of high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy with or without Rituximab for primary central nervous system lymphoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii18-ii18
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Takezaki ◽  
Kazutaka Ota ◽  
Junichiro Kuroda ◽  
Naoki Shinojima ◽  
Yuki Takeshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Infusion Reaction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Methotrexate ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Dose Methotrexate

Abstract High-dose methotrexate based chemotherapy(HD-MTX) improved outcome of primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL), but the prognosis is still poor. Recent studies showing that Rituximab is very effective for systemic lymphoma, the role of Rituximab for PCNSL is unclear. 34 patients diagnosed PCNSL received HD-MTX chemotherapy adding rituximab. Response rates were 74%(20/27) for newly diagnosed PCNSL patients, 85.7%(6/7) for recurrent PCNSL patients. Major side effects were infusion reaction and respiratory infections disease. We have to compare the outcome of HD-MTX chemotherapy retrospectively.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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