scholarly journals Possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Sudo

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN), an eating disorder, is characterized by extreme weight loss and fear of weight gain. Psychosocial factors are thought to play important roles in the development and progression of AN; however, biological factors also presumably contribute to eating disorders. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders including AN. In this article, we describe the possible role of the gut microbiota in the development and persistence of AN, based on the latest research works, including those of our group.

Author(s):  
Walter Milano ◽  
Luca Milano ◽  
Anna Capasso

Background: Balanced sporting activity should be considered a resource in the treatment of eating disorders (ED), in particular of the BED and in obesity and, if conducted and guided by expert preparers and rehabilitators, in some forms of anorexia and in bulimia. Objective: To assess the role of excessive physical activity, predominantly interfering with daily activities by ultimately resulting in greater energy consumption leading to weight loss, and study the diagnostic criteria of bulimia and anorexia nervosa. Methods: A number of literature studies also report the presence of ED among athletes. A 2004 study reported that the prevalence of eating disorders in sports would be 13.5% compared to 4.5% of the control subjects. Results: In general, nutrition is used as a tool for improving performance not only of athletes but also of technicians and coaches. But in the presence of factors of vulnerability towards ED, the tendency to manipulate the weight can result in an eating disorder or the so-called athletic anorexia or the RED-S. Conclusion: It is important to emphasize that not only do professional athletes suffer from it, but also good-looking amateurs and laypersons.


Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Santos Ferreira ◽  
Christopher Hübel ◽  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽  
Ruth Loos ◽  
...  

Eating disorders are severe illnesses characterized by both psychiatric and metabolic factors. We explored the prospective role of metabolic risk in eating disorders in a UK cohort (n = 2929 participants), measuring 158 metabolic traits in non-fasting EDTA-plasma by nuclear magnetic resonance. We associated metabolic markers at 7 years (exposure) with risk for anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (outcomes) at 14, 16, and 18 years using logistic regression adjusted for maternal education, child’s sex, age, body mass index, and calorie intake at 7 years. Elevated very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B/A, and monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were associated with lower odds of anorexia nervosa at age 18, while elevated high-density lipoproteins, docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, and fatty acid unsaturation were associated with higher risk for anorexia nervosa at 18 years. Elevated linoleic acid and n-6 fatty acid ratios were associated with lower odds of binge-eating disorder at 16 years, while elevated saturated fatty acid ratio was associated with higher odds of binge-eating disorder. Most associations had large confidence intervals and showed, for anorexia nervosa, different directions across time points. Overall, our results show some evidence for a role of metabolic factors in eating disorders development in adolescence.


1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula H. Salmons

The clinical features of anorexia nervosa and the prevalence of the eating orders in different societies is described. The role of physiological, cultural and biological factors in the aetiology of eating are reviewed. Finally ways of preventing eating disorders are considered.


2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-436
Author(s):  
Paolo Marino Cattorini

L’anoressia nervosa rischia di venir fraintesa, etichettandola come mero disturbo neurobiologico e affrontandola con tattiche assistenziali, che mirano semplicemente alla rapida correzione del peso. Un approccio fenomenologico coglie invece nel disturbo alimentare una strategia di liberazione, per quanto rischiosa e piena di contraddizioni. Nel presente articolo abbiamo indicato tre dimensioni etiche ed estetiche di questa pericolosa trasformazione di sé. L’anoressica scolpisce il corpo in forme dissonanti, al modo di una body artist; ella scrive nella carne la propria storia alla luce di un mito affettivo, che la guida come un racconto esemplare di formazione; infine l’anoressica prova per il cibo il disgusto che ella vive nei confronti di relazioni mancate di cui ha ancora disperata fame. La persona che soffre tenta di dirigere perfezionisticamente, attraverso la malattia, una trasformazione individuale, imbattendosi in un mondo di oggetti trasfigurati (fra cui i cibi, le sostanze alimentari), un mondo simile a quello istituito dall’arte contemporanea. Per questi motivi, il lavoro medico-psicologico condotto sui disturbi alimentari è più efficace quando si posseggono competenze in ambito umanistico, particolarmente di ordine etico ed estetico. ---------- Anorexia nervosa risks being misunderstood by labelling it merely as a neurobiological disorder or by tackling it only with behavioral advice, in order to rapidly achieve some weight gain. On the contrary, a phenomenological approach recognizes in an eating disorder also an ethical strategy of liberation, although it may well be risky and full of contradictions. This article indicates three ethical and aesthetic dimensions of this dangerous transformation of self-image. Anorexia sculpts the body in dissonant forms, in the way of a body artist; it writes in the flesh a suffering story in the light of an affective myth, which guides the patient towards an ideal of mature development. Finally, sick people feel the same disgust for food that they experience with regard to missed or damaged relationships of which they still desperately hunger for. Through the illness, an attempt is made to manage in a perfectionist way the bodily transformation, but the result is that they come upon a disquieting world of transfigured objects, a world similar to that established by some contemporary art movements. For these reasons, the medical-psychological work carried out on eating disorders requires competence in the field of medical humanities and particularly in the sphere of ethical and aesthetic education.


Author(s):  
Kalam Sutandar

The chapter on eating disorders in the postpartum addresses the issues of mothers who have anorexia nervosa or binge eating disorders. Women with anorexia nervosa may become particularly upset about the weight gain that comes with pregnancy. Extreme dieting may make them weak and have problems focusing on the baby’s needs. Warning signs include dieting that is associated with decreasing weight goals, increase in criticism of one’s body, social isolation, amenorrhea, and purging. They may also restrict the nutrition of their baby. Women with binge eating disorder may suffer secretly as they may not have abnormal weights. Hiding away to binge may interfere with care of the infant.


1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Davis

Objective: To review the eating disorder research investigating the psychobiological connections between self-starvation and high-level exercising, including both animal experimentation and clinical field studies. In recent years it has been proposed that physical activity plays a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of the eating disorders—in particular, anorexia nervosa. Method: A review of research from animal experimentation and from clinical field studies investigating the biological and psychological implications of physical activity and starvation in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Results: Animal research indicates that physical activity and starvation seem to potentiate one another and that alterations in the serotonergic system may underlie this process. Similar behavioural results have been found in recent clinical studies with eating-disordered patients, which suggests that physical activity plays a more central role in the development and maintenance of the eating disorders than had previously been thought. Conclusions: The emerging picture is that psychosocial factors seem to provide the most compelling factors in the etiology and onset of the disorder, while biological factors—in most cases induced by severe malnutrition and strenuous overexercising—predominate in the maintenance of the disorder.


2018 ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Nadia E. Saldanha ◽  
Khalida Itriyeva

Atypical anorexia nervosa is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) as a disorder that shares the same diagnostic criteria as anorexia nervosa (AN), including dysmorphic body image, intense fear of weight gain, and restriction of energy intake, with the exception that patients with atypical AN present at a weight that is at or above the normal range despite a significant weight loss. Patients with atypical AN share many of the same medical and psychological complications and comorbidities as those with AN but with some differences in the way they are manifested. Treatment for these patients includes medical, nutritional, and psychological aspects of care, but choosing the appropriate goal weight and understanding the expected prognosis for these patients remain areas of research and discussion.


2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Davis ◽  
Shaelyn Strachan

Some have claimed that the similarities between athletes with eating problems and women with eating disorders (ED) include only symptoms such as dieting and fear of weight gain, and do not extend to the psychopathological characteristics associated with these disorders. However, studies used to support this viewpoint have relied on comparisons between “eating-disturbed” athletes and clinically diagnosed ED patients, a method that confounds diagnostic classification with athlete status. The present study held ED classification constant by comparing ED patients who had been involved in high-level competitive athletics with nonathlete ED. No significant differences were found between the groups on any measures of psychopathology or eating-related symptoms; this suggests that if an athlete develops an eating disorder, her psychological profile is no different from others with this disorder.


Author(s):  
Susan McElroy ◽  
Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽  
Nicole Mori ◽  
Paul E. Keck

This chapter addresses the pharmacotherapy of the eating disorders (EDs). Many persons with EDs receive pharmacotherapy, but pharmacotherapy research for EDs has lagged behind that for other major mental disorders. This chapter first provides a brief rationale for using medications in the treatment of EDs. It then reviews the data supporting the effectiveness of specific medications or medication classes in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other potentially important EDs, such as night eating syndrome (NES). It concludes by summarizing these data and suggesting future areas for research in the pharmacotherapy of EDs.


Author(s):  
Pamela Keel

The epidemiology of eating disorders holds important clues for understanding factors that may contribute to their etiology. In addition, epidemiological findings speak to the public health significance of these deleterious syndromes. Information on course and outcome are important for clinicians to understand the prognosis associated with different disorders of eating and for treatment planning. This chapter reviews information on the epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and two forms of eating disorder not otherwise specified, binge eating disorder and purging disorder.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document