scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and breast composition in a longitudinal study of Chilean girls

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Yoon ◽  
Camila Corvalán ◽  
Ana Pereira ◽  
John Shepherd ◽  
Karin B. Michels

Abstract Background Frequent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake has been associated with indirect markers of breast cancer risk, such as weight gain in adolescents and early menarche. How SSB intake relates to breast composition in adolescent girls has not been explored. Methods We evaluated the association between prospective intake of SSB and breast density in a cohort of 374 adolescent girls participating in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study in Santiago, Chile. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze the association between average daily SSB intake quartiles and breast composition (absolute fibroglandular volume [aFGV], percent fibroglandular volume [%FGV], total breast volume [tBV]). Models were adjusted for potential confounding by BMI Z-score, age, daily energy intake (g/day), maternal education, hours of daily television watching after school, dairy intake (g/day), meat intake (g/day), waist circumference, and menarche. To examine the sensitivity of the association to the number of dietary recalls for each girl, analyses were further stratified by girls with one dietary recall and girls with > one dietary recall. Results A total of 881 dietary recalls were available for 374 girls prior to the breast density assessment. More than 60% of the cohort had > one dietary recall available. In multivariable analyses, we found no association between SSB intake quartile and aFGV (Q2 vs Q1 β: − 5.4, 95% CI − 15.1, 4.4; Q3 vs Q1 β: 1.3, 95% CI − 8.6, 11.3; Q4 vs Q1 β: 3.0, 95% CI − 7.1, 13). No associations were noted for %FGV and tBV. Among girls with at least one dietary recall, we found no significant associations between SSB intake quartiles and %FGV, aFGV, or tBV. Conclusion Overall, we observed no evidence that SSB intake was associated with breast density in adolescent Chilean girls.

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Perng ◽  
Lu Tang ◽  
Peter X. K. Song ◽  
Michael Goran ◽  
Martha Maria Tellez Rojo ◽  
...  

We sought to identify metabolites that mark the relationship of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake with adiposity and metabolic risk among boys (n = 114) and girls (n = 128) aged 8–14 years. We conducted the analysis in three steps: (1) linear regression to examine associations of SSB intake (quartiles) with adiposity, glycemia, lipids, and blood pressure (BP); (2) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify SSB-associated metabolites from an untargeted dataset of 938 metabolites; and (3) linear regression to determine whether SSB-related metabolites are also associated with adiposity and metabolic risk. In girls, SSB intake was associated with marginally higher BP (Q2 vs, Q1: 1.11 [−3.90, 6.13], Q3 vs. Q1: 1.16 [−3.81, 6.13], Q4 vs. Q1: 4.65 [−0.22, 9.53] mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP); P-trend = 0.07). In boys, SSB intake corresponded with higher C-peptide insulin resistance (Q2 vs. Q1: 0.06 [−0.06, 0.19], Q3 vs. Q1: 0.01 [−0.12, 0.14], Q4 vs. Q1: 0.17 [0.04, 0.30] ng/mL; P-trend = 0.03) and leptin (P-trend = 0.02). LASSO identified 6 annotated metabolites in girls (5-methyl-tetrohydrofolate, phenylephrine, urate, nonanoate, deoxyuridine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and 3 annotated metabolites in boys (2-piperidinone, octanoylcarnitine, catechol) associated with SSB intake. Among girls, urate and nonanoate marked the relationship of SSB intake with BP. None of the SSB-associated metabolites were related to health outcomes in boys.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1029-1029
Author(s):  
Lindsey English ◽  
Karen Peterson ◽  
Erica Jansen ◽  
Yanelli Rodríguez-Carmona ◽  
Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives To examine the relationship between changes in sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and changes in adiposity over a two-year period during adolescence in a Mexico City cohort. Methods The analytic sample comprised 511 Mexican adolescents enrolled in a birth cohort study with complete information on sugar sweetened beverage intake and body composition for two time points. In 2015 and 2017, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from the 2006 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey was administered to participants ages 9 to 20. Seven variables from the FFQ were summed to use as daily servings of SSBs as a predictor: regular soda, coffee with sugar, tea with sugar, sweetened fruit water, chocolate milk, corn atole, and Yakult (sweetened probiotic milk beverage). Adiposity measurements included body mass index (BMI), body fat % estimated by bioelectrical impedance, and waist circumference, measured by trained research assistants using standard techniques. We used linear regression models with changes in adiposity measures as the continuous outcome and quartiles of change in sugar sweetened beverage intake as the predictor adjusting for age, sex, household socioeconomic status, screen time, and physical activity. Results At baseline (2015), mean age was 14.5 ± 2.1 years with 48% male. The median intake of SSBs was 341 mL/day (IQR = 463 mL) for males and 257 mL/day (IQR = 391 mL) for females. The median SSB intake change over the 2-year period was a 51 mL decrease (IQR = 441 mL) for males and no change (IQR = 360 mL) for females. In adjusted analyses, adolescents with the highest change in SSB intake (Quartile 4,274.3 mL median (IQR = 297.1) increase in SSB intake) had a 0.30 increase kg/m2 in BMI (95% CI −0.15, 0.75), a 1.14% increase in body fat (95% CI −0.02, 2.31), and a 1.64 cm increase in waist circumference (95% CI 0.27, 3.00), compared to those with decreases or no change in SSB intake. Conclusions Increased intake of sugar sweetened beverages was associated with higher changes in body fat percentage, waist circumference, and BMI over a two-year period among Mexican adolescents. Funding Sources This project was supported by a P01 research grant through the NIH/NIEHS.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Claire Gallagher ◽  
George Moschonis ◽  
Katrina A. Lambert ◽  
Eva Karaglani ◽  
Christina Mavrogianni ◽  
...  

Abstract Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been associated with visceral fat partitioning in adults; however, the underlying mechanisms in childhood remain unclear and warrant exploration. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between SSB consumption and body fat in children aged 9–13 years and the potential modifying effect of children’s sex and serum cortisol levels. A sample of 2665 Greek schoolchildren participated in the ‘Healthy Growth Study’, and anthropometric, body composition, dietary intake and serum cortisol data were assessed. SSB consumption was defined as low (<1 serving/d), medium (1–2 servings/d) or high (>2 servings/d). We used linear regression models to assess the association between SSB consumption and measures of adiposity and to assess effect modification; models were stratified by sex and tertiles of morning serum cortisol. A significant positive association was observed between high SSB consumption and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (β = 1·4, 95 % CI 0·4, 2·3, P = 0·01) but not BMI or BMI z-score. When stratified by sex, the association was observed in boys (β = 1·8, 95 % CI 0·3, 3·4, P = 0·02) but not in girls. When stratified by cortisol levels, SSB consumption was associated with VAT in children with cortisol levels in the lowest tertile (β = 2·8, 95 % CI 1·0, 4·6, P < 0·01). These results indicate that increased SSB consumption is associated with visceral adiposity in schoolchildren and this association may be modified by sex and morning serum cortisol. To prevent VAT accumulation and concomitant disease risk, dietary interventions should target SSB consumption during childhood.


Author(s):  
Danielle E. Haslam ◽  
Gina M. Peloso ◽  
Melanie Guirette ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Traci M. Bartz ◽  
...  

Background - Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that responds to sugar consumption. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and genetic variants in the CHREBP locus have separately been linked to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. We hypothesized SSB consumption would modify the association between genetic variants in the CHREBP locus and dyslipidemia. Methods - Data from 11 cohorts from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium (N=63,599) and the UK Biobank (UKB) (N=59,220) were used to quantify associations of SSB consumption, genetic variants, and their interaction on HDL-C and TG concentrations using linear regression models. A total of 1,606 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or near CHREBP were considered. SSB consumption was estimated from validated questionnaires and participants were grouped by their estimated intake. Results - In a meta-analysis, rs71556729 was significantly associated with higher HDL-C concentrations only among the highest SSB consumers [β (95% CI) = 2.12 (1.16, 3.07) mg/dl; p <0.0002], but not significantly among the lowest SSB consumers ( p =0.81; p Diff <0.0001). Similar results were observed for two additional variants (rs35709627 and rs71556736). For TG, rs55673514 was positively associated with TG concentrations only among the highest SSB consumers [β (95% CI): 0.06 (0.02, 0.09) per allele count for log(mg/dl), p =0.001], but not the lowest SSB consumers ( p =0.84; p Diff =0.0005). Conclusions - Our results identified genetic variants in the CHREBP locus that may protect against SSB-associated reductions in HDL-C and other variants that may exacerbate SSB-associated increases in TG concentrations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura E Walker ◽  
Vanessa Xanthakis ◽  
Lynn L Moore ◽  
Ramachandran S Vasan ◽  
Paul F Jacques

ABSTRACT Background Ceramides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Limited data exist on how habitual dietary intake of foods that can alter hepatic lipid metabolism may influence circulating ceramide concentrations. Objectives We investigated the cross-sectional association of cumulative sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with concentrations of 3 circulating ceramides and ceramide ratios. Methods We examined participants from the Framingham Heart Study's Offspring Cohort who had 3 ceramides measured (n  = 1561, mean age 66 y, 59% women). SSB consumption was measured 4 times over ∼14 y. Participants were categorized by cumulative SSB intake as nonconsumers (0 to &lt;1 SSB serving/mo) and occasional (1 SSB serving/mo to &lt;1 serving/wk), frequent (1 SSB serving/wk to &lt;1 serving/d), and daily (≥1 SSB serving/d) consumers. Multivariable linear regression models were used to relate cumulative SSB consumption (independent variable) to blood concentrations of ceramides (C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0) and ceramide ratios (C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0). Results In adjusted models, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides (Ptrend &lt; 0.05). Compared with nonconsumers, daily consumers had 0.01 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.002, 0.017 µg/mL) and 0.06 µg/mL (95% CI: 0.018, 0.092 µg/mL) higher mean concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides, respectively. Results were consistent when modeling continuous cumulative SSB consumption per 1 serving/d. We observed effect modification by diabetes status in the relation between cumulative SSB consumption and concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide (Pinteraction = 0.014). In a stratified analysis, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide only in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes (Ptrend = 0.001). Conclusions Our study raises the possibility that higher concentrations of distinct ceramide species, previously associated with adverse metabolic health, may be one mechanism by which SSB consumption contributes to higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3949
Author(s):  
Zhenni Zhu ◽  
Xueying Cui ◽  
Xiaohui Wei ◽  
Jiajie Zang ◽  
Jingyuan Feng ◽  
...  

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among children and adolescents is steadily increasing in China, while the main taste of Chinese food is salty. The present study aimed to determine the relationships between SSB and total fluid consumption and dietary sodium and salt intake among children and adolescents in China. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional investigation in 2015. A total of 3958 participants were included. A 24-h dietary record for three consecutive days was collected to determine the SSB intake and food consumption across school days and rest days. After adjusting for age, sex, yearly household income, maternal education, intentional physical exercise, and instances of eating out in the last week, the dietary sodium intake was positively associated with the SSB consumption (p < 0.05), but salt was not. After stratifying by sex, grades, and puberty status, the associations between dietary sodium intake and SSB consumption were significant in girls, in grades 1–5 and before puberty (p < 0.05). Dietary sodium intake was positively associated with SSB consumption in Chinese children and adolescents, particularly in young children. A reduction of the sodium intake might help reduce SSB consumption among children and adolescents.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jane Dai ◽  
Mark J Soto ◽  
Caroline G Dunn ◽  
Sara N Bleich

ABSTRACT Objective: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has declined steadily. This study uses the latest national data to examine trends in SSB consumption among children and adults by race and/or ethnicity and to document whether long-standing disparities in intake remain. Design: Trend analyses of demographic and dietary data measured by 24-hour dietary recall from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Setting: Data from the 2003-2004 through 2017-2018 NHANES survey cycles were analyzed in 2020. Participants: The study sample included 21,156 children aged 2-19 years and 32,631 adults aged 20+ years. Results: From 2003-2004 to 2017-2018, the prevalence of drinking any amount of SSBs on a given day declined significantly among all race and/or ethnicity groups for children (non-Hispanic [NH] White: 81.6% to 72.7%; NH Black: 83.2% to 74.8%, Hispanic: 86.9% to 77.2%) and most race and/or ethnicity groups for adults (NH White: 72.3% to 65.3%; Hispanic: 84.6% to 77.8%). Consumption declined at a higher rate among NH Black and Hispanic children aged 12-19 years compared to their NH White peers; among NH Black children aged 6-11 years, the rate of decline was lower. Despite significant declines in per capita SSB calorie consumption from soda and fruit drinks, consumption of sweetened coffee/tea beverages increased among older children and nearly all adults, and consumption of sweetened milk beverages increased among NH White and Hispanic children. Conclusions: SSB consumption has declined steadily for children and adults of all race and/or ethnicity groups, but disparities persist, and overall intake remains high.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Samantha Marinello ◽  
Andrea A. Pipito ◽  
Julien Leider ◽  
Oksana Pugach ◽  
Lisa M. Powell

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax implemented in Oakland, California, in July 2017, on prices of beverages sold in fast-food restaurants 2-years post-tax. Design: Using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, we analyzed beverage price data collected from fast-food restaurants 1-month pre-tax and 2-years post-tax in Oakland (intervention site) and Sacramento, California (comparison site). Separate linear regression models were used to estimate the impact of the tax on prices of bottled regular soda, bottled diet soda, bottled unsweetened beverages, and fountain drinks. Setting: Oakland and Sacramento, California, United States. Participants: Chain and non-chain fast-food restaurants (n 85). Results: DID estimates indicate that in fast-food restaurants, on average, the price of bottled regular soda increased by 1.44 cents/oz (95% CI 0.50, 2.73) (tax pass-through rate of 144%) and the price of bottled diet soda increased by 1.17 cents/oz (95% CI 0.07, 2.13). No statistically significant differences were found between bottled regular and diet soda price increases. Price effects for unsweetened beverages and fountain drinks were not statistically significant. Further, the estimated price change for fountain drinks was nearly zero. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the effectiveness of SSB taxes in discouraging SSB consumption may be limited in fast-food restaurants in Oakland, California because there were similar price increases in taxed and untaxed bottled soda and no changes in fountain drink prices.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S425-S426
Author(s):  
Daniel Olson ◽  
Molly Lamb ◽  
Amy Connery ◽  
Desiree Bauer ◽  
Alejandra Paniagua-Avila ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Recurrent infections are associated with neurodevelopmental (ND) delay in infants, but the primary drivers are poorly understood. Leveraging an infant cohort from rural Guatemala designed to evaluate the effects of post-natal Zika virus on ND (DMID 16-0057), we evaluated the association between cumulative illness and ND delay and stunting. Methods Infants enrolled at 0-3 months of age underwent weekly at-home surveillance for caregiver-reported syndromic illness, including cough, fever and vomiting/diarrhea for a 12-month period. Anthropometric assessments and ND testing by Guatemalan psychologists using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) were perforrmed at 12-15 months of age. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to test associations between syndromic illness in infancy, 12-15-month MSEL Early Learning Composite (ELC) Score, and stunting (height-for-age &lt; -2 SD) at 12-15 months. Results The cohort (n=425) had a mean enrollment age of 1.3 months; 202 (48%) were female, 387 (91%) self-reported a literate mother, and 301 (71%) were breastfeeding at study completion. Infants had reported illness for a median of 16 weeks during the surveillance period; cough was reported most frequently (median=11 weeks, range=0-37 weeks). Lower maternal education (p=0.007) and literacy (p=0.002) as well as infant age (p=0.007) and male gender (p=0.004) were associated with MSEL ELC Score &lt;85 (-1 SD). After adjusting for gender, breastfeeding, age, and maternal literacy, the cumulative number of weeks with reported cough (p=0.0009), fever (p=0.0001), or any syndromic illness (p=0.0007) were associated with decreased 12-month MSEL ECL Score; there was no association with diarrhea/vomiting (p=0.36). There was no association between caregiver-reported syndromic illnesses (any type) and stunting at final study visit. Conclusion In a cohort of Guatemalan infants, cumulative fever and cough episodes were significantly associated with lower MSEL ELC Score, whereas there was no association with diarrhea/vomiting. In this low-resource community, these findings highlight the potential negative ND consequences of febrile illness and persistent cough in the first year of life. NIAID Contract HHSN272201300015I Task Order HHSN27200013 (Co-PIs: FMM and EJA). Disclosures Molly Lamb, PhD, BioFire (Grant/Research Support) Evan J. Anderson, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Scientific Research Study Investigator)


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