scholarly journals Association between blood glucose levels and Glasgow Outcome Score in patients with traumatic brain injury: secondary analysis of a randomized trial

Trials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Hongyu He ◽  
Yuepeng Liu ◽  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Xin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Score ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Average Blood Glucose

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels that are too high or too low after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect patient prognosis. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between blood glucose levels and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) in TBI patients. Methods This study was based on a randomized, dual-center, open-label clinical trial. A total of 208 patients who participated in the randomized controlled trial were followed up for 5 years. Information on the disease, laboratory examination, insulin therapy, and surgery for patients with TBI was collected as candidate variables according to clinical importance. Additionally, data on 5-year and 6-month GOS were collected as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. For multivariate analysis, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate relationships between blood glucose levels and GOS. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We further applied a two- piecewise linear regression model to examine the threshold effect of blood glucose level and GOS. Results A total of 182 patients were included in the final analysis. Multivariate GAM analysis revealed that a bell-shaped relationship existed between average blood glucose level and 5-year GOS score or 6-month GOS score. The inflection points of the average blood glucose level were 8.81 (95% CI: 7.43–9.48) mmol/L considering 5-year GOS as the outcome and were 8.88 (95% CI 7.43−9.74) mmol/L considering 6-month GOS score as the outcome. The same analysis revealed that there was also a bell relationship between average blood glucose levels and the favorable outcome group (GOS score ≥ 4) at 5 years or 6 months. Conclusion In a population of patients with traumatic brain injury, blood glucose levels were associated with the GOS. There was also a threshold effect between blood glucose levels and the GOS. A blood glucose level that is either too high or too low conveys a poor prognosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02161055. Registered on 11 June 2014.

scholarly journals Association between blood glucose levels in insulin therapy and Glasgow Outcome Score in patients with traumatic brain injury: secondary analysis of a randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Hongyu He ◽  
Yuepeng Liu ◽  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Xin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level Group

Abstract Background: Too high or low blood glucose levels after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect the prognosis of patients with TBI. This study aimed to examine the relationship between different levels of blood glucose in insulin therapy and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) in patients with TBI.Methods: This study was based on a randomized, dual-center, open-label clinical trial. A total of 208 patients who participated in the randomized controlled trial were followed up for 5 years. The information on disease, lab examination, insulin therapy, and operation of patients with TBI was collected. Also, the data on 5-year and 6-month GOS were collected as primary and secondary outcomes. The univariate analysis was used to detect variables that might contribute to outcomes, while the multivariate regression analysis was used to reveal the independent relationship between insulin therapy and outcomes. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate dose–response relationships between blood glucose levels and GOS. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We further applied a two-piecewise linear regression model to examine the threshold effect of blood glucose level and GOS.Results: A total of 182 patients were involved in the final analysis. Compared with the non-intensive insulin therapy group, the 5-year GOS in the moderate-control intensive insulin therapy (IIT) group and the slight-control IIT group was 1.45 and 1.39 higher, respectively (both P < 0.05); the 5-year GOS in the strict-control IIT group was 0.23 higher (P > 0.05). GAM revealed that a bell-shaped relationship existed between blood glucose levels in insulin therapy and 5-year or 6-month GOS. The inflection points of the mean blood glucose level were 6.73 and 8.97 mmol/L considering 5-year GOS as the outcome and were 6.95 and 8.88 mmol/L considering 6-month GOS as the outcome. The multivariate analysis showed that the 5-year GOS in the medium-level group (≥6.73 and <8.97 mmol/L) increased by 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22–1.47] compared with that in the low-level group (<6.73 mmol/L). Also, the 5-year GOS in the medium-level group increased by 0.57 (95% CI: 0.02–1.08) compared with that in the high-level group (≥8.97 mmol/L).Conclusion: A proper blood glucose range in insulin therapy could improve the outcomes of patients with TBI; the range was 6.73–8.97 mmol/L according to our limited analysis.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02161055. Registered 11 Jun 2014.

scholarly journals Differences of Fasting Blood Glucose Level in People with Schizophrenia between Before and After Getting Aripiprazole Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2607-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlia Rosally Turangan ◽  
Bahagia Loebis ◽  
Surya M. Husada ◽  
Nazli Mahdinasari Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Average Blood Glucose

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a serious disorder of the brain and mind. People with schizophrenia are at high risk of developing type diabetes, due to overall poor physical health, poor health care, unhealthy lifestyles, and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. However, atypical antipsychotics have their deficiencies, because they can be associated with worsening cardiovascular risk factors such as weight gain, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. AIM: Difference in fasting blood glucose levels in people with schizophrenia between before and after receiving aripiprazole treatment. METHODS: This research was conducted in November 2017-September 2018. This research was first conducted in Indonesia, especially North Sumatra. This research is a numerical comparative analytical study paired with an experimental design approach. The number of samples is 44 people. Blood samples are taken in schizophrenia patients before getting the drug, before meals and before activities, assessed fasting blood glucose levels before being treated with aripiprazole and after drug administration for 6 weeks. Data analysis used was a paired test for differences in fasting blood glucose levels in people with schizophrenia between before and after receiving aripiprazole treatment. RESULTS: Based on the demographic characteristics found the research subjects based on the most age group were 31-40 years age group of 30 subjects (68.2%), based on the highest level of education was high school by 26 subjects (59.1%), based on the most marital status was by status not married for 24 subjects (54.5%). It was found that the average blood glucose level before being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients was 89.23 ± 7.13. It was found that the average blood glucose level after being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients was 86.5 ± 10.1. It was found that there were no differences in blood glucose levels before and after being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients CONCLUSION: There was no difference in blood glucose levels before and after being given aripiprazole in schizophrenic patients with p-value (0.078).

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF AMLA JUICE IN REDUCING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES IN A SELECTED AREA OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Vanitha. S s ◽  
Dr. Pramjit kaur
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Experimental Group

Challenges in lifestyle, such as increasesin energy intake and decreasesin physical activity are causing overweight and obesity leading to epidemic increases in type II Diabetes Mellitus. The research approach used for this study was evaluative approach and the research design was true experimental design. 60 patients with type II diabetes, 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group were selected for this study by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected with the help of self-structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square, paired ‘t’ test) were used to analyse the data and to test the hypotheses. In the experimental group,the pre-test mean score was 2.966, mean percentage was 59% and standard deviation was 1.129 and in post-testmean score was 2.533, mean percentage was 50.66% and standard deviation was 1.074 with effectiveness of 8.34% and paired‘t’ test value of t=3.971,which was statistically significant (p<0.05) which is an evidence ofthe effectiveness of Amla juice in reducing blood glucose level. Comparison of blood glucose levels in experimental and control groups, shows that the value is statistically highly significant, as was observed from the unpaired ‘t’ test value of 13.39 with P value of <0.05, which is an evidence indicatingthe effect of Amla juice in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels. The resultsfound that the administration of Amla juice did have aneffect in reducing blood glucose level in the experimental group. By comparing the findings of pre-test and post test between the experimental group and the control group,the effect was identified (assessed). The study concluded that the Amlajuice is effective in reducing blood glucose level.

scholarly journals Comparison of Functional Regression and Functional Principal Component Regression for Estimating Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Nurul Fadhilah ◽  
Erfiani Erfiani ◽  
Indahwati Indahwati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Functional Regression ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Functional Principal Component

The calibration method is an alternative method that can be used to analyze the relationship between invasive and non-invasive blood glucose levels. Calibration modeling generally has a large dimension and contains multicolinearities because usually in functional data the number of independent variables (p) is greater than the number of observations (p>n). Both problems can be overcome using Functional Regression (FR) and Functional Principal Component Regression (FPCR). FPCR is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In FPCR, the data is transformed using a polynomial basis before data reduction. This research tried to model the equations of spectral calibration of voltage value excreted by non-invasive blood glucose level monitoring devices to predict blood glucose using FR and FPCR. This study aimed to determine the best calibration model for measuring non-invasive blood glucose levels with the FR and FPCR. The results of this research showed that the FR model had a bigger coefficient determination (R2) value and lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Root Mean Square Error Prediction (RMSEP) value than the FPCR model, which was 12.9%, 5.417, and 5.727 respectively. Overall, the calibration modeling with the FR model is the best model for estimate blood glucose level compared to the FPCR model.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON GLUCOSE LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Pramod Benkar ◽  
Smita Bhimrao Kanase
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of death and disability in the world and its prevalence is predicted to rise to 10% by 2030. Hence, this study is conducted with objectives to find out the effect of aerobic exercises and resisted exercises on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects and to compare the effect of both exercises on blood glucose level.Method: The comparative study was conducted at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Physiotherapy department, Karad. 30 participants with age group between 30 and 65 years were taken. Subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A (15) participants were given aerobic exercise on static bicycle, and Group B (15) participants were given resistance training using dumbbells and weight cuffs for 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Diet recommendations were given to every participant.Results: Statistical analysis was performed using paired and unpaired t-test. Analysis showed statistically extremely significant difference in fasting blood glucose level and postprandial blood glucose level in both the groups (p≤0.0001).Conclusion: Thus, this study concludes that both aerobic exercises and resistance training prove to be beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels in T2DM subjects.

BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN MICE.

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Rerup ◽  
Ingmar Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Sugar Response

ABSTRACT Multiple serial blood glucose level determinations in individual mice were performed on small blood samples (10–25 μl) using the orbital bleeding technique. Glucose was determined specifically by a known enzymatic reaction. Blood glucose determined in this way was found a parameter of high reproducibility and precision, the latter being shown by the finding that differences between individual animals were highly significant in practically all the experiments. The standard deviation of the single measurement in normal mice was ± 8.2 mg/100 ml as determined from 600 samples, which indicated that the technique allows of the detection of blood sugar level changes of about 15 mg/100 ml or more with very high significance, in a group of 5 mice. In the sampling procedure as such, intravenous or subcutaneous saline injections did not necessarily have any effect on the blood glucose level, but interpretation of slight blood sugar changes under experimental conditions should always be based on a comparison with control groups, since the latter may sometimes show a slight but significant change. In normal non-fasting mice (NMRI strain) significant differences in homoeostatic blood glucose level adjustments were demonstrated. In acutely adrenalectomized mice blood glucose levels were lower and more variable than in normals. Alloxan injection (70 mg/kg) was followed in individual mice by a triphasic blood sugar response, as is known from other species.

scholarly journals Prospective analysis of glycemic variability in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: modified Leuven’s adjustment process versus conventional adjustment process

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1505-1516
Author(s):  
Bing Xue ◽  
Shiyan Ruan ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Kaixuan Yan ◽  
Zhi'e Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the effect of two different methods of controlling glycemic variability (GV) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) undergoing surgery. Methods Patients with STBI were randomly grouped into a conventional adjustment process (CAP) group and modified Leuven’s adjustment process (mLAP) group. Each group included 50 patients. Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored and data were recorded and analyzed. Results The mean blood glucose level was stable in both groups for 5 days postoperatively with no significant difference. The standard deviation of the blood glucose level, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, and glycemic lability index were significantly higher in the CAP than mLAP group for the first 2 days. In the final 3 days, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. The incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly higher in the CAP than mLAP group on the first day. This value gradually declined during the following 4 days, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion The mLAP produced more favorable results than the CAP for GV control in the early stage after surgery for STBI.

scholarly journals Differential temporal profile of lowered blood glucose levels (3.5 - 6.5 mM versus 5 - 8 mM) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Critical Care ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. R98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regula Meier ◽  
Markus Bechir ◽  
Silke Ludwig ◽  
Jutta Sommerfeld ◽  
Marius Keel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Temporal Profile ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

scholarly journals Gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pekerja kantor

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis E. Ugahari ◽  
Yanti M. Mewo ◽  
Stefana H.M. Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract: Blood glucose must be maintained in a constant concentration. Hyperglycemia, an increase of blood glucose level, can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus. One of the factors that affect the blood glucose level is physical activity. Low physical activity can be influenced by work. Sedentary lifestyle is identic with office workes. Office workers do not enough time to do physical activity. This study was aimed to describe the fasting blood glucose level among office workers. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Respondents were obtained by using total sampling method. There were 52 respondents in this study consisted of 25 males and 27 females. The results showed that 45 respondents (86.54%) had normal fasting blood glucose levels, 5 respondents (9.62%) had high fasting blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), and 2 respondents (3.84%) had low fasting blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). The maximum value was 243 mg/dL, the minimum value was 63 mg/dL, the median value was 83 mg/dL, the average value was 94.42 mg/dL, and standard of deviation was 37.85 mg/dL. Conclusion: Most office workers had normal blood glucose levels.Keywords: fasting blood glucose, office workers Abstrak: Glukosa darah dalam tubuh manusia harus dijaga dalam konsentrasi yang konstan. Kadar glukosa darah dalam tubuh yang meningkat (hiperglikemia) dapat menjadi gejala penyakit diabetes mellitus. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi kadar glukosa darah ialah aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik yang kurang dapat dipengaruhi oleh pekerjaan. Pola hidup sedentary lifestyle identik dengan pekerja kantor dewasa ini. Pekerja kantor tidak memiliki waktu untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas fisik yang cukup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar glukosa darah puasa pada pekerja kantor. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Responden terdiri dari 25 orang laki-laki s dan 27 orang perempuan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 45 responden (86,54%) memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa normal, 5 responden (9,62%) memilki kadar glukosa darah puasa tinggi (hiperglikemia), dan 2 responden (3,84%) memilki kadar glukosa puasa rendah (hipoglikemia). Hasil pengukuran kadar glukosa darah puasa mendapatkan nilai maksimum 243 mg/dL, nilai minimum 63 mg/dL, nilai median 83 mg/dL, nilai rata-rata 94,42 mg/dL dan standar devisiasi 37,85 mg/dL. Simpulan: Sebagian besar pekerja kantor masih memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa yang normal. Kata kunci: glukosa darah puasa, pekerja kantor

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