scholarly journals Kinetic control concept for the diffusion processes of paracetamol active molecules across affinity polymer membranes from acidic solutions

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanae Tarhouchi ◽  
Rkia Louafy ◽  
El Houssine El Atmani ◽  
Miloudi Hlaïbi
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Kinetic Control ◽  
Extractive Agent ◽  
Grafted Polymer ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Dissociation Enthalpy ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Control Concept

Abstract Background Paracetamol compound remains the most used pharmaceutical as an analgesic and antipyretic for pain and fever, often identified in aquatic environments. The elimination of this compound from wastewater is one of the critical operations carried out by advanced industries. Our work objective was to assess studies based on membrane processes by using two membranes, polymer inclusion membrane and grafted polymer membrane containing gluconic acid as an extractive agent for extracting and recovering paracetamol compound from aqueous solutions. Result The elaborated membrane characterizations were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Kinetic and thermodynamic models have been applied to determine the values of macroscopic (P and J0), microscopic (D* and Kass), activation and thermodynamic parameters (Ea, ΔH#, ΔS#, ΔH#diss, and ΔH#th). All results showed that the PVA–GA was more performant than its counterpart GPM–GA, with apparent diffusion coefficient values (107D*) of 41.807 and 31.211 cm2 s−1 respectively, at T = 308 K. In addition, the extraction process for these membranes was more efficient at pH = 1. The relatively low values of activation energy (Ea), activation association enthalpy (ΔH≠ass), and activation dissociation enthalpy (ΔH≠diss) have indicated a kinetic control for the oriented processes studied across the adopted membranes much more than the energetic counterpart. Conclusion The results presented for the quantification of oriented membrane process ensured clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods for the extraction and recovery of paracetamol molecule as a high-value substance.

scholarly journals Kinetic Control Concept for the Diffusion Processes of Paracetamol Active Molecules Across Affinity Polymer Membranes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanae Tarhouchi ◽  
Rkia Louafy ◽  
El Houssine EL Atmani ◽  
Miloudi Hlaïbi
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extractive Agent ◽  
Grafted Polymer ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Control Concept

Abstract Background: Paracetamol compound remains the most used pharmaceutical as an analgesic and antipyretic for pain and fever. It has been detected in aquatic environments. The recovery of this compound from wastewater is one of the important operations carried out by modern industries. Its recovery is especially important for environmental protection. Currently, research is focused on membrane technology that has gained considerable interest over the last decades due to the various advantages that it presents.Result: Our work reports the selective extraction of paracetamol from liquid solution using two types of affinity polymer membranes: (i) polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) and (ii) grafted polymer membrane (GPM). The same extractive agent, gluconic acid (GA), is used for both. After total characterization, the developed membranes were adopted. Kinetic and thermodynamic models have been used to determine the values of various macroscopic parameters, permeability (P), and initial flux (J0), to understand the membrane performance. The same techniques have been used to determine the values of different microscopic parameters, association constant (Kass), and apparent diffusion coefficient (D*) that determine the interaction between the paracetamol substrates and the extractive agent, necessary for the diffusion of paracetamol molecules through the membrane. Similarly, the effects of initial concentration (C0), acidity (pH), and temperature were examined.Conclusion: The experimental results allow the determination of values of activation and thermodynamic parameters (Ea, ΔH#, ΔS#, ΔH#dis, and ΔH#th). The results explain the membrane performances and confirm that the energetic or kinetic aspects control the mechanisms related to the oriented processes. The results also indicate that it is possible to recycle wastewater and eliminate contaminants such as paracetamol.

Role of MRI in diagnosing the primary site of origin in indeterminate cases of uterocervical carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Jain ◽  
Ankita Aggarwal ◽  
Rohini Gupta Ghasi ◽  
Amita Malik ◽  
Ritu Nair Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Patient Database ◽  
Cancer Intervention

Objective: To perform a literature review assessing role of MRI in predicting origin of indeterminate uterocervical carcinomas with emphasis on sequences and imaging parameters. Methods: Electronic literature search of PubMed was performed from its inception until May 2020 and PICO model used for study selection; population was female patients with known/clinical suspicion of uterocervical cancer, intervention was MRI, comparison was by histopathology and outcome was differentiation between primary endometrial and cervical cancers. Results: Eight out of 9 reviewed articles reinforced role of MRI in uterocervical primary determination. T2 and Dynamic contrast were the most popular sequences determining tumor location, morphology, enhancement, and invasion patterns. Role of DWI and MR spectroscopy has been evaluated by even fewer studies with significant differences found in both apparent diffusion coefficient values and metabolite spectra. The four studies eligible for meta-analysis showed a pooled sensitivity of 88.4% (95% confidence interval 70.6 to 96.1%) and a pooled specificity of 39.5% (95% confidence interval 4.2 to 90.6%). Conclusions: MRI plays a pivotal role in uterocervical primary determination with both conventional and newer sequences assessing important morphometric and functional parameters. Socioeconomic impact of both primaries, different management guidelines and paucity of existing studies warrants further research. Prospective multicenter trials will help bridge this gap. Meanwhile, individual patient database meta-analysis can help corroborate existing data. Advances in knowledge: MRI with its classical and functional sequences helps in differentiation of the uterine ‘cancer gray zone’ which is imperative as both primary endometrial and cervical tumors have different management protocols.

Added Value of Quantitative Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values for Neuroprognostication After Cardiac Arrest

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011991
Author(s):  
Anke Wouters ◽  
Lauranne Scheldeman ◽  
Sam Plessers ◽  
Ronald Peeters ◽  
Sarah Cappelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

ObjectiveTo test the prognostic value of brain MRI in addition to clinical and electrophysiological variables in post-cardiac arrest (CA) patients, we explored data from the randomized Neuroprotect post-CA trial (NCT02541591).MethodsIn this trial brain MRI’s were prospectively obtained. We calculated receiver operating characteristic curves for the average Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value and percentage of brain voxels with an ADC value < 650 x 10-6 mm2/s and < 450 x 10-6 mm2/s. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models with clinical characteristics, electroencephalogram (EEG), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and ADC value as independent variables, to predict good neurological recovery.ResultsIn 79/102 patients MRI data were available and in 58/79 patients all other data were available. At 180 days post-CA, 25/58 (43%) patients had good neurological recovery. In univariable analysis of all tested MRI parameters, average ADC value in the postcentral cortex had the highest accuracy to predict good neurological recovery with an AUC of 0.78. In the most optimal multivariate model which also included corneal reflexes and EEG, this parameter remained an independent predictor of good neurological recovery (AUC = 0.96, false positive = 27%). This model provided a more accurate prediction compared to the most optimal combination of EEG, corneal reflexes and SSEP (p=0.03).ConclusionAdding information on brain MRI in a multivariate model may improve the prediction of good neurological recovery in post-CA patients.Classification of Evidence:"This study provides Class III evidence that MRI ADC features predict neurological recovery in post-cardiac arrest patients."

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